Chapter 3

Transparency
28
Forces And Pressure

Bernoulli’s Principle
Bernoulliʼs Principle
For uniform flow of a fluid, a region of high velocity corresponds to low pressure
whereas a region of low velocity corresponds to high pressure.
P Q R
Vertical glass tube The height of the water column
shows the magnitude of the
High Medium Low Glass tube of
pressure pressure pressure uniform diameter water pressure.
Water Water The dotted line is the pressure
Low Medium High
gradient showing how the water
velocity velocity velocity pressure is decreasing gradually.
S T U
Vertical glass tube The velocity of water is highest
when it is flowing through the
High Low Medium Glass tube of non- narrowest part of the horizontal
pressure pressure pressure uniform diameter
Water
glass tube. Hence, its water
Water
pressure is the lowest.
Low High Medium
velocity velocity velocity

Applications
Lifting force
Lifting force
Higher air velocity
Lower air pressure
Driving Resistive
Aerofoil force force

Lower air velocity

Higher air pressure Weight

An aeroplane, with an aerofoil shape, experiences a lifting force which balances its
weight.
Muzzle
Petrol from tank Mixture of petrol
and air
High velocity Air
Low pressure Gas Air
Float To
Jet cylinder
Petrol

Air rushes in due to the lower pressure Air rushes in due to the lower pressure near
in a Bunsen burner. Air supports the jet of the car engine. The mixture of air
burning. and petrol helps in burning.

© Marshall Cavendish ( Malaysia ) Sdn. Bhd.