Accounting definition: Accounting is the art of summarization and classification of transaction.

Branches of Accounting: There are three branches of accounting. Which are as follows: 1. Financial Accounting: Financial accounting refers to information desccribing the financial resources,obligations and activities of an economic entity(either an organization or an individual) 2. Managerial accounting: It involves the development and interpretation of accounting information. Managers make decision on the basis of cost. If cost decreases,profit increases. 3. Cost accounting: The accounting concepts and practices for measuring the cost of performing different business activities and of manufacturing various products are called cost accounting.

ELEMENTS OF ACCOUNTING: 1. Assets: Assets are economic resources which are owned by business and are expected to benefit future operations. 2. Liabilities: Liabilities are obligations and account payables.

Liabilities generate when account payable increases. 3. Expenses: Expenses are the cost of the goods and services used up in the process of earning revenue. 4. Revenues: Revenue is income generated by sales

Accounting Cycle: The sequence of accounting procedure used to record, classify, and summarize accounting information is often termed the accounting cycle. Analyze transactions Record data in journal to ledger accounts Prepare trial balance Prepare financial statement Income statement Balance sheet Cash flow Journal:

Journal is day by day record of business transactions. The information recorded about each transactions includes the dates of transactions, the debit and credit changes in specific ledger accounts and a brief explanation of transactions. Ledger: A ledger account is a device for recording the increases or decreases in one financial statement item such as particular asset a type of liability owner's equity. Trial balance: A two column schedule listing the names in the debit or credit balances of all accounts in the ledger. Financial statements: The principal means of reporting general-purpose financial information to person outside a business organization is a set of accounting reports called financial statement. Income statement: An income statement indicating the profitability of the business over the proceeding years. A statement of change in equity explaining certain changes in amount of the owner equity (investment) in business. Balance sheet: A balance sheet showing at a specific date the financial position of the company by indicating tge resources that it owns, the debts that it owes and the amount of the owner's equity (investment) in the business. Cash flow: It finds net inflow and outflow of a company. Main section of cash flow-investing, financing, operating. Statement of changes in equity:

Changes in company's capital. Notes to the accounts: Include further explanation of financial record of a company. Accounting equation: Assets=liabilities + capital Compound entry: When you have more than one debit or credit. Debit amount must be equal to credit amount. Dual aspect: For every debit it must have credit or for every credit there must be debit. Account: Summarize record of transaction related to a single peraon or thing. Double entry:

A system of recording every business transaction with equal amount of both debit and credit entry. As a result of this system the accounting equation always remain in balance; in addition the system makes possible the measurement of net income and also the use error deducting devices such as trial balance. >Debtor vs creditor

Debtor: Account receivables.

Basically those who owes money to others.

Creditors: Account payables. To whom money is own. Dividends: Distribution of profits among share holders. Discount: There are two types of discounts which are as follows; Discount allowed: The amount by which seller agrees to reduce his/her price to the customer. Discount receive: The amount by which purchaser receives a reduction in price from the seller. Depreciation: Systematic reduction in the value of fixed asset is called depreciation. Subsidory and holding company: First company-Holding company Second company-Subsidory company First company who takes more than 50% of share of another company is called holding company. Company whos share are taken is called subsidory company.

Holding company makes major decision and subsidory company makes minor decision. Provision: Uncertainity for a possible loss. Basicaly relate to debtors