Classification of Microorganisms

5 Kingdoms
Monera (includes Eubacteria and Archeobacteria)
Individuals are single-celled may or may not move have cell wall, no chloroplasts or other organelles, no nucleus usually very tiny, although the blue-green bacteria, look like algae filamentous and quite long, green no visible structure inside the cells No visible feeding mechanism They absorb nutrients through the cell wall or produce their own by photosynthesis

Protista
single-celled usually move by cilia, flagella, or by amoeboid mechanisms usually no cell wall, although some forms may have a cell wall have organelles including a nucleus and may have chloroplasts, so some will be green and others won't be They are small, although many are big enough to be recognized in a dissecting microscope or even with a magnifying glass Nutrients are acquired by photosynthesis, ingestion of other organisms, or both

Fungi
Multicellular cell wall is present, organelles present including a nucleus, but no chloroplasts They have no mechanisms for locomotion. Fungi range in size from microscopic to very large (such as mushrooms) Nutrients are acquired by absorption

For the most part, fungi acquire nutrients from decaying material

Plantae
multicellular most don't move, although gametes of some plants move using cilia or flagella Organelles including nucleus, chloroplasts are present, and cell walls are present Nutrients are acquired by photosynthesis (they all require sunlight)

Animalia
Multicellular move with the aid of cilia, flagella, or muscular organs based on contractile proteins They have organelles including a nucleus, but no chloroplasts or cell walls acquire nutrients by ingestion

3 Domains
Eubacteria
true bacteria, peptidoglycan

Archaea
odd bacteria that live in extreme environments, high salt, heat, etc. (usually called extremophiles)

Eukarya
have a nucleus & organelles (humans, animals, plants)

Scientific Nomenclature
Latin-derived scientific names are capitalized except for the specific and subspecific names. The generic, specific, and subspecific names are underlined or italicized. The names of the following are capitalized: kingdom, phylum, subphylum, class, subclass, superorder, order, suborder, superfamily, family, subfamily, tribe, genus, subgenus. The names of the following are not capitalized: superspecies, species, subspecies. Names of superspecies, species, and subspecies always appear with the name of the genus (or at least the genus abbreviated) so that the full specific name begins with a capital letter. The full specific name, genus plus species (and superspecies and subspecies, if used), is italicized or underlined. Example: Birds are in the class Aves, subphylum Vertebrata, and phylum Chordata. The American Robin is in the family Turdidae, superfamily Muscicapidae, suborder Oscines, and order Passeriformes. The American Robin is Turdus migratorius. The Dark-Backed Robin, a northern-nesting subspecies, is known as T. m. nigrideus. (Note the use of capitalization and italics.) The genus or species name is abbreviated only when the name has already been used, and it is clear what the letters stand for. The last word in a species name is never abbreviated. So if we were to once again refer to the Robin species, we could write Turdus migratorius or T. migratorius but never simply T.m. unless it were followed by a subspecific name as was done above.

Taxanomy Hierarchy
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Phylogenetic Hierarchy