A PROJECT REPORT ON RAIN WATER HARVESTING

Synopsis
Water in essential commodity but becoming scare now a day. The demand for water that too portable water is increasing day by day to meet the water needs for even increasing population. Surface water resource are utilized to the maximum extent and are very much depleted. Ground water resources are also over exploited and have resulted in decline in ground water levels in the most parts of the country. Bore wells are silting up, getting short of water or yielding polluted water. In this content to meet the ever-increasing demand for water that too portable water, its necessary to harvest rainwater, which falls on the terrace of the buildings. The water collected from the terrace is of good quality and can be stored in sump tank either for direct use or can be diverted to the existing bore well/ open well fort ground water recharge and storage. Keeping in this view, a roof top rainwater harvesting system is designed for KSPCB Office building located at Bangalore. For the present study of 28 years rainfall data of Bangalore town is used. About 12 peoples work in the Karnataka state pollution control board office Bangalore. The daily water requirement us estimated as 160lpcd. The water is mainly used for drinking and flushing or cleaning toilets, gardening etc at present water needs are met by public water supply. So to achieve self-dependency in water supply it is planned to harvest rainwater that falls on the terrace of the building. The total quantity of the rainwater that can be harvested annually from the building rooftop is estimated and is found to be 2.07,900 liters. This quantity is enough to full fill the water designed requirements for 145 days (nearly seven months), provided all the rainwater is harvested. But it is not economically feasible and also not necessary taking into account various factors. Hence, a sump is designed to store the rainwater originated from the buildings terse and its size is kept as 4m X 2.5mX 2m. it can store up to 20,000 liters of water. Since harvested rainwater is to be user mainly for drinking purpose, a rapid sand filter is designed to improve the quality of rainwater the size of the filter is kept as 1.25mX1.25mX1.5m. The total cost of the rainwater

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING GAPT. BANGALORE

A PROJECT REPORT ON RAIN WATER HARVESTING

Harvesting system is estimated and is equal to Rs. 50,000.00. The cost of the sump tank works out to be Rs. 40, 600.00 and is equal to 81.20% of the total cost of the entire the system. The water harvested during rainy days can full fill the water needs for the entire rainy season. Excess water (over flow water) from sump tank can be diverted to recharge the bore well. (Already short of water) existing in the KSPCB office building premises. This water can be utilized to meet the water needs during the other seasons of the years.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING GAPT. BANGALORE

A PROJECT REPORT ON RAIN WATER HARVESTING

Contents

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING GAPT. BANGALORE

A PROJECT REPORT ON RAIN WATER HARVESTING

CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 GENERAL RAINWATER HARVESTING TECHNIQUES ROOF TOP RAIN WATER HARVESTING NEEDS FOR RAIN WATER HARVESTING BENEFITS USES OF WATER SUITABILITY OF RAIN WATER STUDY AREA

CHAPTER 2 RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM DISCRIPTION 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 ROOF TOP RAINWATER HARVESTING STRATEGY COMPONENTS PARTS OF RRWH TREATMENT OF STORED RAINWATER COST MANTENANCE TIPS FOR RRWH STRUCTURES

CHAPTER 3 DESIGN DETAILS 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 SIZING THE SYSTEM SELECTION OF SYSTEM PLACEMENT OF SYSTEM DESIGN OF WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM FILTER DESIGN SELECTION OF SUITABLE LIFTING DEVICE

CHAPTER 4 DESIGN AND ESTIMATES CONCLUSION DRAWINGS

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING GAPT. BANGALORE

A PROJECT REPORT ON RAIN WATER HARVESTING

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING GAPT. BANGALORE

A PROJECT REPORT ON RAIN WATER HARVESTING

1 . INTRODUCTION 1.1 GENERAL

The rapid pace of the development and the increase in the population has led to the exploitation of water resources, resulting in the over use of the surface supplies and over exploitation of ground water. Dependency on ground water to meet the needs of the domestic and industrial sectors resulted in lowering of ground water levels. As a result, drying up of wells and bore well are witnessed in many areas. There any further indiscriminate use of ground water should not take place. Also bore wells are yielding polluted in many areas. As the ground water levels has depleted to an alarmingly considerable levels, the problem of fluoride menace started showing its furious and venomous effects on the health of people. According to the UNO report, by the year 2050, the world wide availability of fresh water will have decreased by a third as a result of global warming, population growth and west full habits. The natural under ground aquifers will be at all time low levels. Scarcity of fresh water will become the limiting factor for healthy livable communities using water conservation techniques like roof top rainwater harvesting system helps reduce the negative impact on our water supply keeping our cities and towns vibrant and healthy. In this content it is very much essential to harvest rainwater to meet the fresh water demand of increasing population. The rainwater collected from the roof top is of good quality and can be stored in tank, sump either for direct use are can be diverted to the existing open well, bore well for ground water recharge and storage.

1.2 RAINWATER HARVESTING TECHNIQUES

Harvesting rainwater is very simple when it rains collect this water without allowing it to go as runoff. These are various techniques to do it Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes. Stored for ready use in containers above or below ground level (sump). Recharge into the ground water for with drawl later (Ground water recharge). As indicated above rainwater falling on the terrace collected and stored in storage tank and for direct use or diverted into a well for groundwater recharge. Rainfall over the open the spaces around the building may also be a diverted for recharge purpose.

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A PROJECT REPORT ON RAIN WATER HARVESTING

1.5 BENEFITS.
Provides self sufficiency to water supply Provides high quality water, soft and low in minerals Improves the quality of groundwater through dilution when recharged to groundwater It is expensive and reduces soil erosion in urban areas Rooftop rainwater harvesting structures are easy to construct, operate and maintain. In areas with less rainfall, rainwater harvesting has been providing relief to people. Saves money. Avoid the costs associated with the purchasing water from the centralized water system. Operating costs are lower than the cost of purchasing water from the centralized water system. Saves energy. By reducing water use, energy demands to pump water from the water treatment plant to the service area are reduced. Saves water. Reduce the demand on the scare surface and water sources. Treated water is an expensive resource and so using free rainwater instead wherever possible makes sound ecological sense.

1.6 USES OF RAINWATER

Gardening, car washing and domestic non-portable purposes like washing cloths and dishes, bathing, toilets, swabbing the flour etc. It is ideal for washing cloths because rainwater is soft. For water intensive tasks such as dust control, cleaning processes during manufacture, washings vehicles and other specialized cleaning processes such as printed circuit board manufacture and in agriculture and animal husbandry where farm yards and animal stalls must be regularly hosed down. In large offices and public buildings, rainwater can be used for flushing toilets and urinals and for cleaning. For all purposes including portable purpose i.e. drinking and cooking but only after filtering and boiling the water.

1.7 SUTABILITY OF SYSTEM

Ideally rainwater harvesting is for any person planning to build a house or who is in the process of building a house on an independent plot. Persons with built houses can also harvest rainwater by retrofitting such a built house for rainwater harvesting.Persons in apartment can also harvest rainwater, but a community approach is required in such a case. Industries and factories can also harvest rainwater since large roof areas are usually available in such constructions.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING GAPT. BANGALORE

A PROJECT REPORT ON RAIN WATER HARVESTING

1.8 STUDY AREA

Availability of rain water from roof tops is so high in the urban areas and it properly harvested it will help in reducing the water scarcity problem of cities and towns commonly runoff water from roof top are led off into the drains instead the outlets can be connected to a storage tank and let into existing open wells/ bore wells /recharge pits. This method is less expensive and very effective and if implemented in good spirit by each house housing society will help in augmenting the ground water availability of the area. Keeping this in view it is planned to design and install a roof top rainwater harvesting structure to KSPCB building located in Bangalore. At present the water needs of the KSPCB office is met by public water supply system. But it is in sufficient and not assured. So to achieve self-dependency on water it is planned to harvest rainwater that falls on the terrace of the building. For the present study, about 28 years annual rain fall existing data is used and are shown is table No.1. TABLE No.1 SI. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 YEAR 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 ANNUAL RAIN FALL DATA ANNUAL RAIN FALL IN mm 944.30 778.70 562.10 1031.6 751.90 748.70 991.90 898.2 1144.2 693.60 784.20 814.60 1130.0 1347.6 1345.8 1324.1 701.50 AVERAGE RAIN FALL 786.90 648.90 468.40 859.7 626.6 623.90 826.6 748.5 953.5 578.0 653.5 678.8 941.70 1102.3 1102.15 110.1.34 584.60

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING GAPT. BANGALORE

A PROJECT REPORT ON RAIN WATER HARVESTING

18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

779.80 632.20 635.40 3932.3 751.30 581.40 1117.0 925.20 1038.6 927.60 738.20

649.80 526.80 529.5 327.69 626.10 484.50 930.80 771.00 865.70 773.00 615.10

Therefore, Total amount of rainfall=32276.7mm Total No. Of years =28 years

Therefore The average annual rainfall=834.88mm

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CHAPTER-2 RAIN WATER HARVESTING SYSTEM DISCRIPTION

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3.RAIN WATER HARVESTING SYSTEM DISCRIPTION 3.1 RRWH STRATEGY

Collect water from the roof top Draw it down from pipes Filter the water and than Store in a sump or tank for later use OR Led the water into a well to increase ground water content OR Charge the ground water through a soak pit The systems are simple to install in new buildings and need only minimum maintenance by the user.

3.2 COMPONENT PARTS OF RRWH

1. Down water pipes. Pipes should be designed well 90mm dia PVC pipes resistant to ultra violet (UV) raysappear to be the best as down water pipes. 2. 3-4 down water pipes seems sufficient 90-110sq m (1000-1200 sq.ft approximately) roof area. 3. A grill or mesh (Nahani trap or floor trap) has to be fixed at the entrance (inlets) of the down water pipe in the terrace to arrest the large particles such as papers, leaves etc. 4. Sloping roof should have a gutter of PVC (half cut PVC pipes) or zinc or mild steel fitted along the sloping sides to collect water and channel it into the down water pipe system. Install continuous leaf screen made of inches were mesh in a metal frame above the gutters to prevent debris from entering the system. 5. Ground level tank occupy space and should not hinder moment or appear unsightly. 6. Below the ground sump is a good option. Because they do not abstract moment less costly to build and are hidden from you. But always provide an outlet for excess collection of water from the storage system. Once collected filtered rainwater needs to be stored in cool and dark condition to discourage growth of algae and bacteria. A concrete water tank buried under ground is ideal but sump may also be considering either in stone or brick masonry. The sides and floor of the tank are coated with waterproof material. The size of the tank depends on the amount of water to be collected and cost resistance. But usually its size is determined for the maximum daily rainfall of the place obtained from the rainfall records. 1.

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3.3 TREATMENT OF STORED WATER

It is common perception that water stored for long goes bad. Water needs three conditions to go bad thus when air, sunlight and organic matters are present within it. But excluding organic matter through filtration and by strong rainwater in a closed container without assess to sunlight and air, water will remain for along time. TABLE 2.0 Recommended doses of bleaching powder of disinfecting water.

Storage Capacity of Tank 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000

DOSAGE OF BLEACHING POWDER IN gms FULL TANK TANK TANK 50 60 70 80 90 100 37.50 45 52.5 60 67.5 75 25.00 30 35 40 45 50

TANK 12.50 15 17.5 20 22.5 25

3.4 COSTS
A rain water harvesting system has higher initial cost than buying water from the central water supplier but the payback period is less than 1-2 years cost up to 50% on water bill may be saved by re using water the largest cost of the system is the storage tank. But it should be remembered however that currently cost of centralized water sypply is heavily subsidized and these cost are bound to go up subtsansly alternate source will no longer remain cheap. There fore plan for the future since the rainwater is future proofed for costs.

BASIC COST INCLUDE

Pipes Rs. 15/- 30/- per running feet Bends and elbows Rs. 20/- 75/Filter tanks Rs. 1500/- Ls Storage system Rs. 2/- to 4/- per liter depending upon whether the tank is made up of ferrow cement or masonry or R.C.C. The construction cost (Excluding costs of storage system) can range from Rs. 25,000/- to Rs. 40,000/or more

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A PROJECT REPORT ON RAIN WATER HARVESTING

3.5 MAINTANCE TIPS FOR RRWH STRUCTURES

Keep the roof or terrace as clean as possible Do not store rusting iron, insecticides or detergents on the roof Remove algae from the roof tiles and asbestos sheets before the man soon Always keep surroundings of the tank clean and hygienic Provide the rain flush arrangement to drain off initial one or two rains Change the filter media or wash is every rainy season. Always provide for adequate overflow storage system for unexpectedly heavy rains. Dry the tank completely and clean from inside thoroughly before the man soon Cover all inlets and outlets pipes with closely knit nylon net or fine cloth to avoid entry of insects, worms and mosquitoes Leakage of cracks in the Ferro cement storage tank shall be immediately attended to by cement plastering. This will avoid major repairs due to the prorogation of cracks. The filter material shall be washed thoroughly before replacing in the filter tank. Clean the in side of the (sump) cistern yearly. Minimize the amount of debris in the gutters and keep leaver out of the filters. Clean gutters on a regular basis for maximum collection of rainwater.

FILTER
Filter the rainwater before storage Filtering can be as basic as a floor trap placed before the water enters the down water pipe or pieces of sponge placed at the inlet of the down water pipe. A PVC drum with gravel, sand and charcoal is a good filter before rain water is stored A PVC drum with sponge at the inlet and outlet is also a filter. A small filter tank can also be devised it has to be provided to filter small or minute dust particles before diverting the rain water into the storage tank or open well or bore well a slow sand filter(surface down flow type) can be designed for this purpose.

RAPID SAND FILTER

It consists of following three parts 1. Enclosure tank 2. Base material 3. Filter media of sand

ENCLOSURE TANK
A water tight tank is constructed in either in stone masonry o r brick masonry. The sides and floor are also coated with water proof material a filter tank of normal size of 2X2X26.

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BASE MATERIAL
The base material used is jelly and it is placed at the bottom of the tank. It is laid in two layers. The lower layer should be of bigger size jelly (40mm) and top most layer should be of small size jelly (20mm). The thickness of each layer is generally kept as 15 cm.

FILTER MEDIA OF SAND

The sand to be used for filter should be free from clay, vegetable matter, organic impurities etc. it should also be uniform in nature and size. A layer of sand is placed above the jelly. The depth of sand layer is generally kept as 15cms. The effective size of the sand varies from 0.2mm to 0.3mm. The finer the sand is better will be the efficiency of filter regarding removal of bacteria but in that case the outlet from filter is lowered. The rate of filtration for a normal slow and sand filter varies from 100-200liters/hr/sqm of filter area. The filtration process improves the biological, physical and chemical characteristic of rainwater. Slow and filter is highly efficient in removing bacterial load from water (98-99%). It thus provides safe drinking water at low recurrent cost. However, for complete removal of bacteria the disinflation is essential. It can remove the turbidity to the extent of about 50ppm. A nylon mesh has to be provided in between the two layers (base material and filter media of sand). The top of the filter chamber should be covered with 1M.S.cover. The filter should be designed in such a way that there is no risk of contamination and minimum chances of blockage.

STORAGE SYSTEM
It is ad visible to determine the storage system at the planning stage of the building itself.

A storage system may be a

Roof level storage tank. (for multi storied buildings) Ground level drum or masonry tank. Under ground tank (sump) Partially bellow tank and partially above ground tank.

Proper location of storage system is very essential and is as follows: Roof level tanks may need to be @ the rear of the house or on the sides, so that it is neither obstructive nor visually offensive. Ground level drums or tanks occupy space and should not hinder moment or appear unsightly. Below the ground the sump is a good option because they do not obstruct movement, less costly to building to build and are hidden But always provide an outlet for excess collection from the storage system.

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A PROJECT REPORT ON RAIN WATER HARVESTING

Once collected, filtered rainwater needs to be stored in cool and dark conditions to discourage the growth of algae and bacteria. A concrete rainwater tank buried under ground is ideal. But sump may also be constructed in stone or brick masonry. The side and floor of the tank are coated with waterproof material. The size of the tank depends upon the amount of water to be collected and cost restraints. But usually its size is determined for maximum daily rainfall of the place obtained from the rainfall records.

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A PROJECT REPORT ON RAIN WATER HARVESTING

CHAPTER 3 Design Details

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A PROJECT REPORT ON RAIN WATER HARVESTING

DESIGN DETAILS
Design the roof keeping in mind the rain water harvesting requirements. That means if the roof is flat, slope the roof in the direction of the storage system or recharge well. Sloping roofs should have adequate gutter and down spots to handle the entire rain water incident on it.

3.1 STEP -1 SIZING OF SYSTEM

The size of rainwater collecting system depends on the size of roof. The amount of rain falls (yearly) and the water demands for the system. Calculate the average annual rainfall for the area using the data obtained from the rain gauge station of the area.

Catchments area of roof = (width X length) of building Rain water that can be harvested annually =C area of roof X Annual rains fall. Where c = runoff co-efficient for the roof top = 0.5. To find how much rainwater will be collected, it is a common practice to assume a collecting efficiency of 80% - 90%. But, a better system of calculation uses reliability of rainfall as an indicator.

3.2 STEP-2 SELECTION OF THE CLISTERN

The size of the cistern depends on the amount of rainwater to be collected and cost restraints. Choose a cistern that fits the needs of water harvesting system. All cisterns should be of water tight, durable and have a clean, smooth interior. The cover needs to be tight fitting to prevent evaporation. It is best to place the cistern out of direct sun light to prevent algae and bacterial growth, which can clog the system. Various types of cisterns can be used for storing rainwater and are given in Table 3

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A PROJECT REPORT ON RAIN WATER HARVESTING TABLE 3 CISTERN TYPE Fiber glass type ADVANTAGES Prevents algae growth and evaporation, rust resistant, durable Various sizes, shapes alterable, inexpensive, movable, durable DIS-ADVANTAGES Higher initial costs, degradable costs, require exterior coatings.

polyethylene

Can determine the rate of over time if not treated foe U>R radiation (prove to be corrosion and dust) Prove to corrosion and rust Potential to crack difficulties to maintain

Steel drums Concrete tank or Ferro cement, stone

Available, durable, movable Durable, permanent

SUMP DESIGN
Construction is a common building practice. Collecting rainwater after filtration in the sump would be most cost effective. The size of the sump is determined for maximum daily rainfall obtained from the rainfall records of the place.

3.3 STEP-3 PLACEMENT OF THE CISTERN

Place a cistern at a high point on the plot and elevate approximately 3 to 4 feet on s sturdy, load bearing foundation or structure. Above ground cisterns are less expensive than a below ground cistern and easier to maintain. Storing water below ground has aesthetic appeal while keeping the water out of the sun.

3.4 STEP-4 DESIGN IF WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM

If the roof is flat, slope the roof in the direction of the sump. Pitched roofs should be provided with adequate gutters and down spouts to handle the entire rainwater incident on it. Install continuous leaf screens made of inch wide mesh in a metal frame, above the gutters to prevent debris from entering the system. Down water pipes should preferably be HDPE/PVC resistant to ultra-violet rays. The national building code says that if the intensity of rain in the place is 50mm per hour then one 75mm down pipe will serve a 40sqmtr. Roof area and one 100mm down pipe will serve as 85sqmtr. Roof area. Usually two 100mmdia pipes are good enough for a 100 sq mtr. Roof area.

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A PROJECT REPORT ON RAIN WATER HARVESTING Inter connect the rain water pipes (down water pipes) is there exists more than one. To convey water from filter to sump provide a 110mm dia PVC pipe below ground.

3.5 STEP-5 FILTER DESIGN

A rapid sand filter is to be provided to filter small and minute dust particles before diverting the rainwater into the sump. The size of the filter tank is determined for the maximum intensity of rainfall obtained from the rainfall records of the place. The filter media used is sand and its effective size varies from 0.35mm to 0.6mm. The rate of normal rapid sand filter varies from 3000-6000 liters per hour sq m of filter area. Rain water discharge rate = intensity if rain fall X roof area Area of filter tank required

Determine the dimensions of the filter chamber in terms of length and breadth. Provide suitable depth taking into consideration amount of free board to be required and profile of base material to be adopted.

3.6 STEP-6 SELECTION OF SUITABLE WATER LIFTING DEVICE

Provide a proper sump to lift water from the sump and supply it to the water supply tank or line for the distribution. Surplus spillover water from the sump may be directed to the existing open or bore well. In the absence of sump or open well or bore well the rainwater may be re-charged into the ground through percolation.

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CHAPTER 4 Design and Estimates

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DESIGN AND ESTIMATE OF THE SYSTEM 4.1 CALCULATION OF RAIN WATER QUANTITY
The total quantity of rainwater that can be harvested annually from the rooftop of the existing building located in the KSPCB premises is estimated .to estimate the rainwater quantity, the available 28 years rainfall data is used. The average annual rainfall = 32276.7/28 =834.88mm The roof area of the building is measured and the total roof area= 327.62sq.m. The rain water quantity is estimated for the reliable annual rain fall and its value is generally taken as 80% average annual rain fall (AAR). Reliable annual rain fall = 80% of AAR = 80/100x834.88 = 667.90mm =668mtrs. Or The total quantity of rainfall water that can be harvested annually=C x roof area X Reliable annual rainfall Where, C =runoff co-efficient for roof catchments and its value is 0.95 for R.C.C. roof The total quantity if rain water that can be harvested annually = C x roof area x reliable annual rain fall=0.95x327.62x0.668 = 0.95 =207.90cm =2, 07,900liters. WATER DEMAND For drinking purposes = 05 liters For washing faces, hands etc = 10 liters For cleaning and flushing toilets = 25 liters For gardening purpose = 35 liters For other use = 05 liters Total = 80 liters About 120members work in KPSCB Office Daily. Water demand per day = 80 X 12 = 960lpd No. of days that can be utilized = 207900/960 = 216.56 says as 215 days (7 months) If all rain water is harvested that water can be used for 215 days but it is not economically feasible and not practicable due to various factors. Hence sump tank is designed to accommodate for maximum daily rainfall.

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DESIGN OF SUMP

The capacity of the sump should be such that it should accommodate maximum daily rainfall. The maximum daily rainfall is found to be 60mm/day from rainfall records. Therefore, Capacity of sump = maximum daily rainfall X roof area = 60/1000 X 327.62 = 19.657 cum Say as 20 cum Or 20,000 liters (1 cum = 1000 liters) Therefore, Tank capacity = 20.00 cum Area of sump = Sump tank capacity depth of sump tank = 20.00/2.00 = 10.00 sq.m keep the depth of the sump tank as 2.0 m Length of sump is kept as 4m. Therefore, the width of the sump tank = c/s area length Width of sump tank = 10/4 =2.5cm. The size of the tank is 4m X 2.5m X 2m. The details of the sump tank are shown in figure 2. The sump tank is provided with a man hole of size 600mmX600mm with a cover for inspection and maintenance purposes. The excess water (overflow water) from the sump tank is diverted to bore well for recharge purposes.

DESIGN OF FILTER
The size of the filter is determined bases on the maximum intensity of rainfall and infiltration rate of sand medium used. The max intensity of rainfall from rainfall records is found to be 30mm/hour the filter designed is rapid sand filter, the effective 6000 liters/hrs/sq.m of the filter area. The higher value (6000 liter/hrs/sq.m) is considered for the design. The maximum intensity of rainfall = 30mm/hr Therefore, Max. Runoff from rooftop = Max.intensity of rain fall x roof area x 0.95 = 30/1000 x 327.62 x 0.95 = 9.34 cum/hr Or 9340 liters / hr Area of filter tank required = Runoff/infiltration rate of sand = 9340/6000 A = 1.56 sq.m

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RAINWATER

ROOF TOP HARVESTING

OPEN SOACE HARVESTING

DIRECT STORAGE

SURPLUS WATER

GROUND WATER RECHARGE

ROOF TOP RAIN WATER HARVESTING

It is the principle of collecting & storing the rainwater,the which falls on the terrace of the house or building .the water collected from the terrace is of the good quality & can be stored in tanks or sumps either for direct use or can be diverted to the existing borewell or open well for ground water recharge and storage There are five components to a rain water harvesting system.the water is collected on the rooftop and transported by gutter and down water pipes through a filter to a sump where the water is stored.the stored water is lifted using a proper pump and supplied to meet the various needs.it is possible to collect 10000lit of rain water of a typical roof of 100m2,for ever 100mm rain fall. NEED FOR ROOFTOP RAIN WATER HARVESTING TO MEET EVER INCREASING DEMAND FOR WATER. TO DEVELOP ECOLOGICAL AND FINICIAL SENSE NOT TO WASTE TO PURE NATURAL RESOURSES AVAILABLE IN LARGE QUANTITY IN ONES ROOF. TO ENCOURAGE WATER CONSERVESTION AND SELF-DEPENDNESS. TO AVOID PURCHASE OF WATER FROM TANKERS WHICH IS UNRELIABLE IN QUALITY AND IS ALSO EXPANSIVE. TO AVOID FLOODING OF ROADS.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING GAPT . BANGALORE

A PROJECT REPORT ON RAINWATER HARVESTING Therefore length and breath =1.25*1.25 Provide the depth of the filter as 1.5m Therefore the recommened size of the filter is 1.25*1.25*1.25*1.50m Depth of sand =20cm Depth of 20mm jelly =20cm Depth of 40mm jelly =25cm Free board =80cm The location of sump tank and the filter tank alone with pipe n/w are shown in below.. Fig 1

TABLE 1

ESTIMATION FOR SUMP TANK

SL NO 1 PARTICULAR Earthwork excavation Cc bed for foundation sump BBM for super structure a)long wall b)short wall plastering for sump tank a)long wall b)short wall Rcc slab to cover sump tant @ top Deducation to man hole MS STEEL cover plate NO 1 LENGTH 6.80 BREATH 5.00 DEPTH 2.15 QUANTITY 73.10cum

6.80

5.00

0.15

5.10cum

2 2

6.30 3.90

0.30 0.30

2.00 2.00

7.56 4.68 12.24cum

2 2

6.00 4.20

_ _

2.00 2.00

24.00 16.80 40.80sqm

1 1 1

6.60 0.60 LS

4.50 0.60 _

0.10 0.10 _

2.97 0.04 2.93cum

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TABLE 2 ESTMATION FOR PIPE LINE

SL NO PARTICULARS UNIT QUALITY RATE RS PS AMOUNT RS PS

PROVINDING AND FIXING 90mm dia PVC PIPE HORIZONTAL VERTICAL

Rm Rm

55.622 3.4

50.92 50.92

2503 153 2656

EARTHWORK EXCAVATION AND REFILLING THE TRENCH

Rm

1.2

75

54

PROVIDING AND LAYING 110mm dia PIPES BELOW GL

Rm

1.2

95

114 2824

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TABLE-3 ABSTRACT ESTIMATION FOR SUMP

SL NO 1

PARTICULARS EARTHWORK EXCAVATION FOR SUMP CCB FOR FOUNDATION BBM FOR SUPER STRUTURE RCC SLAB OVER TANK MILD STEEL Plastering both side walls

UNIT Cum

QUALITY 73.1

RATE 45

AMOUNT 3289.5

Cum

5.1

1506.34

7682.334

Cum

12.24

1550

18972

Cum LS Sqm

2.93

3063.61

8976.377 450

5 6

40.8

75.5 TOTAL

3080.4 42000.61

5%WORK CHARGE FOR ROUNDING

GRAND TOTAL

2100.031 44100.64 0.36 44101

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING GAPT.BANGALORE

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A PROJECT REPORT ON RAIN WATER HARVESTING

TABEL-4 ABSTRACT ESTIMATION FOR FILTER

SL NO 1 PARTICULARS BED CONCRET FOR FILTER BBM FOR SUPER STRUCTURE PLASTERING FOR WALLS MILD STEEL COVER ADD 5%WORK CHARGE ESTABLISHMENT Grand total FOR ROUNDING OFF UNIT Cum QUANTITY 0.27 RATE 1506.34 AMOUNT 406.7118

Cum

1.13

1550

1751.5

Sqm

7.5

75.55

566.625

-Total

LS

100 2824.837 141.2418 2966.079 3.92136 2970

TABLE-5 TOTAL COST OF PROJECT

SLNO 1 2 3 4 ITEM OF WORK SUMP TANK FILTER PIPELINE CHAINAGE PUMP OF 1HP MOTOR COST 40600 2750 2824 5000 51174 52000

TOT COST SAY

TOTAL COST OF PROJECT IS FIFTY TWO THOUSAND ONLY.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING GAPT.BANGALORE

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A PROJECT REPORT ON RAIN WATER HARVESTING

Conclusion

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING GAPT.BANGALORE

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A PROJECT REPORT ON RAIN WATER HARVESTING

CONCLUSION

To achieve self sufficient in water supply roof top rain water harvesting structure is designed for KPSCB office building,Bangalore. The water demand is estimated as 960lpd. The amount of water that can be harvested annually is estimated as 207900 liters. A sump capacity is estimated as 20000liters. A filter having size 1.25*1.25*1.5m proposed to improve the quality of water. The total cost of the system is estimated as Rs 5000000. The cost of the sump tank is works out to be Rs 4060000 and is equal to the 81.20% of total cost of the system. The water harvesting during rainy days can fulfill the water requirements for entire rainy seasons. The excess water (over flow water) form sump tank can be diverted to recharge the borewell.(already short of water ) existing in the KPSCB office building premises. This water can be utilized to meet water needs during other seasons of the year.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING GAPT.BANGALORE

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A PROJECT REPORT ON RAIN WATER HARVESTING

Drawings

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING GAPT.BANGALORE

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A PROJECT REPORT ON RAIN WATER HARVESTING TECHNICAL TOUR

INTRODUCTION TO KARANJA DAM

The karanja dam is an earten dam with zonal section type. The total height of the dam is 20.6m but water storage capacity is upto 11mtr. But the live storage of water of dam is 4m and the total catchment area at project is about 2025.28 sq kms ie,782 sq miles.

CANALS PROVIDED TO KARANJA DAM

canal is constructed to convey water from dam either for irrigation or water supply purpose. But in a karanja dam there are two canal are constructed one is right bank canal,both canals are of fully cutting. The discharge capacity of left canal is 16.935cumecs,and the length of the left canal is 131 kms the ratio for side slope of canal is 1:1 for the both the canal and canal lining is done by shah bad flooring or cc bed. The FLOORING main purpose of canal lining is to prevent seepage and to protect the bank from erosion.

FORE SHORE LITE TO KARANJA DAM:

From the karanja reservoir the lift irrigation can be done,the jack well be located on right bank of the karanja river away from 7km upstream side from the dam site. The maximum discharge available on left canal 1.98 cumces the length of intake channel is 213.35 m or 700ft max discharge required from intake channel is 3.455 cum and rising mains are 4 nos pressure pipes of 1m dia,having length about 1370m. And the length of lift canal is 24kms there are 5nos of 200hp pumps sets are provided including one stand by..

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING GAPT.BANGALORE

A PROJECT REPORT ON RAIN WATER HARVESTING TECHNICAL TOUR

SAILENT FEATURES OF KARANJA DAM AND ITS APPURENANT WORK

GENERAL
A. Name of the project B. Location 2)Village 3)Taluka 4)District 5)Co-ordinates :: karanja irrigation project. :: karanja a tributary river manjra which joins river GODAVARI.. :: Byalhalli. :: Bhalki :: Bidar :: a)latitude 7753 b)longitudinal 7719

C. Hydrology 1)total catchment area at site 2)weighted annual rain fall dependability 3)75% dependable net flow at project site 4)proposed annual utilization d.Dam and reservoir. 1.Gross storage capacity 2.Live storage capacity 3.Top of dam 4.MWL 5.FTL 6. MWL 7. Lowest river bed level 8. Type of dam 9. Total length of dam 10. Top width of dam 11. Height of dam above deepest bed level 12. free board :: 217.65 mt cum :: 207.65mt cum :: Rl 590.00m :: Rl 587.15m :: Rl 584.15m :: 577.84M :: Rl 568.45m :: earthen dam with zonal section :: 3480m :: 4mt :: 20.60m :: 5.85m ::2025.28 sq kms ::930mm ::271.54mt cum ::252.49mt cum

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING GAPT.BANGALORE A PROJECT REPORT ON RAIN WATER HARVESTING

sypnois

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING GAPT.BANGALORE