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Design education through toy design.

Old and new paradigms in architectural toys design

Marco Ginoulhiac
phd professor FAUP

Design education through toy design. Old and new paradigms in architectural toys design - Marco Ginoulhiac

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Two narratives: 1 - conceptual narrative 2 - historical narrative

Design education through toy design. Old and new paradigms in architectural toys design - Marco Ginoulhiac

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Toy as meaning
the toy is a particular part of the material culture, considered as an artifact that represents the relationship between artifacts and social behaviors, where the representative function stays both before and at the base of its practical function (Brougre & Wajskop, 2008).

For a toy the main symbolic value is the function ... as happens in art
Design education through toy design. Old and new paradigms in architectural toys design - Marco Ginoulhiac FAUP

Toys as transmission tool


() toys always mean something, and this something is always entirely socialized, constituted by the myths or the techniques of modern adult life: the Army, Broadcasting, the Post Office, Medicine (miniature instrument-cases, operating theaters for dolls), School, Hair-Styling (driers for permanent-waving), the Air Force (Parachutists), Transport (trains, Citroens, Vedettes, Vespas, petrolstations), Science (Martian toys). (Barthes, 1957)

Middle-class children are given an enormous number of toys (tool sets, minikitchens, baseballs, dolls) because they are models of things that invoke in play the behaviors or skills required in later life (Stephen Kline. 1993, p. 15).
Bloomingdale catalog 1957
Design education through toy design. Old and new paradigms in architectural toys design - Marco Ginoulhiac FAUP

Toys as disciplinary reproducing devices

Indeed almost each disciplinary field has its own representation in toys production, creation or consumption. Even Architecture

The Constructioneer Metal Building Set No. 4, 1947

Design education through toy design. Old and new paradigms in architectural toys design - Marco Ginoulhiac

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Toys as educational devices: F. Frebel (1782 1852)


During 1830s Frebel developed the kindergarten for the Play and Activity Institute he had founded in 1837 at Bad Blankenburg for young children. He also designed the educational play materials known as Froebel Gifts, or Frbelgaben, which included geometric building blocks and pattern activity blocks.

Design education through toy design. Old and new paradigms in architectural toys design - Marco Ginoulhiac

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Friedrich Frebel (1782 1852)

This celebrated childrens educationalist, founder of the kindergarten, is increasingly accepted by modern art historians as one of the key figures behind the advent of avant-garde art. (Bordes, 2010)
Design education through toy design. Old and new paradigms in architectural toys design - Marco Ginoulhiac FAUP

Some correspondances between architecture and toys

Design education through toy design. Old and new paradigms in architectural toys design - Marco Ginoulhiac

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19 century: architecture as the face of progress

1902 Flatiron building, NY

1882 Anker steinbaukasten

1890 Wainwright Building St. Louis Louis Sullivan


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Design education through toy design. Old and new paradigms in architectural toys design - Marco Ginoulhiac

19 century: architecture as the face of progress

1901 Meccano

1889 "Exposition Universelle, Paris

1915 Erector set

1851 Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of all Nations, London

Design education through toy design. Old and new paradigms in architectural toys design - Marco Ginoulhiac

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An example between education and marketing: toys as a large new market

In 1923 Andr Citron said Je veux que tous les enfants de France et de Navarre aient comme premiers mots : Papa, Maman et Citron Citroen was the first car producer with a toy cars catalogue.

Design education through toy design. Old and new paradigms in architectural toys design - Marco Ginoulhiac

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The Bauhaus experience (1919-1933)


I suggested that we should make toys for the next few weeks. So I struck a powerful blow to the old academic tradition of the nude and drawing from nature... I am leading all creative activity back to its roots, to play Johanes Itten, Bauhaus teacher and Froebel Kindergarten graduate

Alma Siedhoff-Buscher, 1923 Puppets for the Oskar Schlemmer Stage Workshop 1923

Preliminary Bauhaus Course, 1928


Design education through toy design. Old and new paradigms in architectural toys design - Marco Ginoulhiac FAUP

The dutch experience

Gerrit Thomas Rietveld, 1923 and 1952

Ko Verzuu, 1920s

Design education through toy design. Old and new paradigms in architectural toys design - Marco Ginoulhiac

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New technologies and languages the glass and the color

Dandanah, Bruno Taut, 1919

Alle bauen mit, 1910s

Glass Dome, 1914

Falkenberg Garden City, 1913-1916


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Design education through toy design. Old and new paradigms in architectural toys design - Marco Ginoulhiac

The growing city

1920 - Josef Hoffman

1950 Payer Modellbau

Design education through toy design. Old and new paradigms in architectural toys design - Marco Ginoulhiac

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Modern houses and dollhouses

Weienhof Stuttgart Exhibit, 1927

Tri-ang ultra modern dollhouse, 1930s FAO Schwarz,1940 Dollhouse furniture, 1930s

Htel Martel (Mallet-Stevens), 1927

Design education through toy design. Old and new paradigms in architectural toys design - Marco Ginoulhiac

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More than a house, a nation...

John Lloyd Wright, 1916

Design education through toy design. Old and new paradigms in architectural toys design - Marco Ginoulhiac

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Industrial architecture

Volkswagen Factory, 1938

Latislav Sutnar, 1940s

Boots Packed Wet Goods Factory, Nottinghamshire, UK 1930

Fabrik am hafen, 1930s

Design education through toy design. Old and new paradigms in architectural toys design - Marco Ginoulhiac

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Magnetic architecture

Arthur Carrara, Magnet Master, 1947

Caf Borranical, Melbourne, 1943

Magnet building set, 1930s

Design education through toy design. Old and new paradigms in architectural toys design - Marco Ginoulhiac

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Kite architecture

Charles & Ray Eames, 1950s


Design education through toy design. Old and new paradigms in architectural toys design - Marco Ginoulhiac FAUP

The precast plastic building

Girder and Panel, 1960 Betta Bilda, 1960

Baukasten, 1960

Marcel Breuer, 1960s


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Design education through toy design. Old and new paradigms in architectural toys design - Marco Ginoulhiac

The precast plastic building

Alison and Peter Smithson,1972

Super City 1967

Ern Goldfinger in 1963


Design education through toy design. Old and new paradigms in architectural toys design - Marco Ginoulhiac FAUP

Triangular system

Bruno Munari 1961

Eames 1951 Triqo

Fred Bassetti 1960

Louis Kahn, 1958

Design education through toy design. Old and new paradigms in architectural toys design - Marco Ginoulhiac

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Geodesic architecture

Buckminster Fuller, 1979

Dome Kit, 1975

Ramagon, 1985

Chuck Hoberman (Hoberman Associate arch.)

Design education through toy design. Old and new paradigms in architectural toys design - Marco Ginoulhiac

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The 1970 and the computer


1971, pong

1981, IBM and Autocad

1977, Atari 2600

1971, computer space

The computer game prepares a new generation based on the representation and far from the object and the construction processes. Computer was a undiscussed device... for everything.
Design education through toy design. Old and new paradigms in architectural toys design - Marco Ginoulhiac FAUP

1970s: toys in trouble (2 examples).

By the early 1960s Meccano Ltd was bought out by Lines Bros Ltd (Tri-ang). In 1970 Lines Brothers changed the company name to Meccano-Tri-ang. In 1971 the Lines Brothers Tri-ang group went into voluntary liquidation and Meccano-Tri-ang was sold to Airfix industries in 1972. At the same time, General Mills, a United States toy manufacturer, purchased the majority of shares of Meccano France S.A., renaming the French company Miro-Meccano. During the 70s several toy companies had financial problems
Design education through toy design. Old and new paradigms in architectural toys design - Marco Ginoulhiac FAUP

The restart: stararchitects and "wow-factor" architecture

Habitat 67, 1967

Louvre, 1989

Centre Georges Pompidou, 1977

Bilbao museum, 1997

Design education through toy design. Old and new paradigms in architectural toys design - Marco Ginoulhiac

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Recent production: new aesthetic

Koolhaas, 2001 Zenblock

Boulderblocks

Balancing blocks

Design education through toy design. Old and new paradigms in architectural toys design - Marco Ginoulhiac

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Recent production: new aesthetics

Peter Cook, 2003 Geemo

Oliblock
Design education through toy design. Old and new paradigms in architectural toys design - Marco Ginoulhiac FAUP

Recent production: looking again at Architecture

Lego Architecture

2011, Barbie architect FUJI


Design education through toy design. Old and new paradigms in architectural toys design - Marco Ginoulhiac FAUP

Some final senteces

It does exist an architectural education (that is not teaching architecture) This education need some specific actions (narratives) and devices. Toys are an important part of these artifacts because they can mean an intellectual and artistic configuration (composition rules, materials, ideological framework, etc) But connection between architecture ant toys is changing also because architecture is changing.
More information: architoys.blogspot.com
Design education through toy design. Old and new paradigms in architectural toys design - Marco Ginoulhiac FAUP

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