Riska Wulandari 25010111130222 Tenses 1.

Simple Present Tense FORM :

S + V1/s/es S + tobe (is, am, are) + C

This tense is usually not used to indicate present time. However, it is used to indicated present time (now) with the following statives verbs.

Know Understand Have

believe hate need

hear love appear

see like seem

smell want taste

wish sound own

Ex : They understand the problem now We use simple present tense to talk about things in general. Ex: Nurses look after the patients in hospitals. We use it to say that something happens alt he time or repeatedly or for habitual actions or dailly activities. Ex: -I usually go to market at weekends. -Paul wakes up at 5 in the morning. We use to say that something is true in general. Ex: The earth goes round the sun 2. Present Progressive (continuous) FORM :
S + tobe (is, am, are) + Ving S + tobe (is, am, are) + Being + C

The present progressive is used to indicate present time (now) with all but the stative vers listed previously. Ex : - John is eating dinner now

- the presidentnis trying to contact his advisor now o It is also used to indicated future time. Ex : - We are leaving for the heater at seven oclock. - we are flying to Venezuela next month 3. Simple Past Tense FORM :
S + have/has + Been + Being + C S + V2+ Object + Adverb S + tobe (was, were) + C

The simple past is used for a completed action that happened at one specific time in the past. Example : - John went to Spain last year Maria did her homework last night Mark washed the dishes after dinner

4. Past Progressive (Continuous) FORM :

S + tobe (was, were) + Ving S + tobe (was, were) + Being + C

The Past Continuous is often used when one action in progress is interruped by another action in the past

Ex : - I was talking with James when the telephone rang. -While Angelica was playing tennis, the plane crashed . We use the Past Continuous to talk about actions that lasted for some time in the past and whose duration time is unknown Ex : - I was watching TV yesterday in the evening - She was sleeping on the couch. We also use this tense to talk about two or more activities happening at the same Ex : I was watching TV and Barbara was reading a book.

5. Present Perfect tense FORM :

S + has/have + V3 S + has/have + been + C

Use of Present Perfect

a. Describe actions that occurred in the past but are still relevant to the present. Ex: Rani has broken her arm. (She broke it in the past and cant use her arm now) b. Describe an action that started in the past but is still happening on a regular or habitual basis. Examples: The girls have played tennis at the club since 2005. (They started to play tennis there in 2005 and still play there today.) c. Describe actions that were repeated several times in the past. Ex:I have already made several calls. (Up until now) 6. Present Perfect Continuous FORM :
S + have/has + Been + Being + C S + have/has + Been + Ving

We use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about an action that started in the past and stopped recently. There is usually a result now. Ex : You don't understand [now] because you haven't been listening. We use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about an action that started in the past and is continuing now. This is often used with for or since. Example:I have been reading for 2 hours. [I am still reading now.]