EarthWise System Seminar

Earthwise System and Green Mark Version 4 Update Grand Corpthorne Waterfront Hotel 25th November 2010, 8:00 to 11:00am Venue: Riverfront Ballroom 1, Level 2 Lee Poh Seng
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EarthWise

Systems?

Energy Efficiency

Emissions

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Number of EarthWise Systems

Chilled water/VAV systems Low flow, low temperature high efficiency systems
What do they do? How do they do it? Why use them?

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Low Flow, Low Temperature, High Efficiency Systems

+/+/ -$
air handlers

~/ $
duc t w ork

+/+/ -$

controls

+/+/ -$ ~/ $
piping

+/+/ -$
chillers
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Number of EarthWise Systems

Chilled water/VAV systems Low flow, low temperature high efficiency systems
What do they do? How do they do it? Why use them?

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How?
Supply temperature Flow rates Fans

Ductwork

Temperature differential

Pump

Piping

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Number of EarthWise Systems

Chilled water/VAV systems Low flow, low temperature high efficiency systems
What do they do? How do they do it? Why use them?

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Why Use LLH Systems?

Good for business: Offers the potential to lower first cost and/or operating cost while enhancing comfort, IAQ, and acoustics Environmentally responsible: Reduced utility generated greenhouse gas emissions and uses less natural resources Ideal for use in health care, institutional, governmental, office building, education, and other markets where VAV systems are used

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Chilled Water Systems

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Chilled Water Systems

1970 s 2009

18% 9% 73% 31% 17% 51%

Chiller Cooling tower Water pumps

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History of Chiller Performance

8.0 Chiller efficiency, COP 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0
Centrifugal >600 tons Screw 150-300 tons Scroll <100 tons Reciprocating <150 tons

1977

1980

1989

1999

best available

ASHRAE Standard 90.1

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Cool More or Pump More?

Pump efficiency
COP 0.7

70%

Chiller COP Chiller COP

7.0 10x the pump COP

Conclusion work your most efficient equipment harder

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Show Me the Impact

Cooling towers Cooling coils Pumps Chillers Air handlers Controls

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waterside example

Cooling Tower Performance

(800 tons) 95/85/78
2400 GPM 10F range 7F approach 40 hp 32 kW

98/83/78
1600 GPM 15F range 5F approach 40 hp 32 kW

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waterside example

Cooling Tower: Size?, Cost?

95/85/78
2400 GPM 10F range 7F approach 40 hp 32 kW

98/83/78
1600 GPM 15F range 5F approach 40 hp 32 kW

100/85/78
1600 GPM 15F range 7F approach 30 hp 24 kW Smaller Tower
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Same Tower

lessons learned

Cooling Tower Performance !Tower water should be hot!

Towers should use inverters!

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Show Me the Impact

Cooling towers Cooling coils Pumps Chillers Air handlers Controls

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Cooling Coil
MBH WTR GPM/Ton EWT LWT GPM 504 10F 2.4 44F 54F 101 504 16F 1.5 41F 57F 63.0

GPM reduction of 37.5%

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Chilled Water Pump (800 tons)

Flow rate Pump head Pump efficiency Motor efficiency Pump power 1920 gpm 110 feet 80 pct 95 pct 52 kW 1200 gpm 49 feet 80 pct 95 pct 16 kW

In this installation: a 37.5% reduction in flow = nearly 70% reduction in chilled water pumping energy consumption
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lessons learned:

Cooling Cool Performance

!Chilled water should be cold!

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Show Me the Impact

Cooling towers Cooling coils Pumps Chillers Air handlers Controls

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Cooling Coil
MBH WTR GPM/Ton EWT LWT GPM 504 10F 2.4 44F 54F 101 504 16F 1.5 41F 57F 63.0

GPM reduction of 37.5%

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waterside example

Chiller Energy (800 tons)

Capacity LWT Power LWT Power 800 tons 44F 464 kW 41F 490 kW

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waterside example

System Power (Chilled Water)

Low delta T Chiller CHW pump 464 kW 52 kW Low flow 490 kW 16 kW +26 kW - 36 kW

Total

516 kW

506 kW

- 10 kW

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lessons learned

Chiller Performance

!Chillers should be efficient!

Factory witness tested

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Show Me the Impact

Cooling towers Cooling coils Pumps Chillers Air handlers Controls

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Airside: What is different?

Common practice Low air temp.system

Supply air Room setpoint Airside delta T Interior zone SAT

55F 75F 20F 55F

45 77F 32F 55

48F

60F

Lowers the required air flow by 30-40%

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air handler options

Fan Room Floor Area

$$$

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Air Handler Options

Supply Air CFM 55F 45F 45F 18,750 11,360 11,360

Coil area 34.1 20.8 24.4

Fan discharge velocity 2514 2225 1803

Coil face velocity 550 546 466

Fan hp 17.8 12.8 9.6

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EarthWise

System

Airside Benefits

$ Smaller AHU s, fan coils, & VAV boxes $ Reduced ductwork sizes $ Smaller mechanical room requirements $ More useable floor space $ Lower sound levels $ Lower Humidity for improved comfort

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What about Condensation?

Cold surfaces must be kept inside the humidity controlled envelope Night set back and morning pull down controlled off of interior dew point sensor Positive building pressure is critical for no condensation and IAQ Install a vapor barrier with reasonable construction Design the P traps and pitch the condensate drains correctly LEED - WEc1.2
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HVAC Equipment

Draw-Thru Trapping

Total Trap Height T = D + H

where D = trap depth = H + d H = air-handler casing pressure + 1 in. wg d = drain pipe diameter
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For more information:

This document covers these key points:
Provide a good moisture barrier around controlled spaces Put indoor HVAC equipment inside the controlled spaces Actively control the space dew point to manage moisture SYS-AM-15

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Show Me the Impact

Cooling towers Cooling coils Pumps Chillers Air handlers Controls

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Optimized Controls

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Chiller tower optimization

400

total energy consum pt ion, kW

300

chiller
200

optimal control point

100

tower

0 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

condenser water temperature, C

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+$
air handlers

$
duc t w ork

EWS is a design process Waterside & Airside Low flow Low temperature High efficiency

+$

First Cost
controls

Operating Cost

+$ $
piping, pumps

+$
chillers
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What Did We Say Regarding Low Flow, Low Temperature, High Efficiency Systems?
What they do? How they do it? Why use them?
Emissions Energy Efficiency

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Questions or Comments?

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