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Report on Etiology, epidermiology, prophylaxis of the Acute respiratory diseases

1.Upper respiratory tract disease – common cold, phariyngitis otitis media, sinusitis
2.Lower respiratory tract disease – laryngitis, trachitis, laryngottracheobronchitis, bronchitis, bronchiolitis,
pneumonia.

Disease Main symptoms Micro - organism

Common cold Burning sensation in nose & throat, nasal Rhinovirus, parainfluenza,
obstruction, nasal discharge corona virus.

Sinusitis Headache facial pain tenderness on Strep.pneumonia, H.influenza,

palpation & percussion adeno virus parainfluenza

Pharingitis Sore throat Strep. Pyogens, adeno , coxsaky

Laringitis Hoarsness , dry cough parainfluenza, influenza,

Trachitis strep.pneumonia, Strep.pyogens,
diphtheria

Laryngotracheobronchitis common in < 3yr, hoarseness, barky Main-Para influenza

(croup) cough, respiratory stridor. Fever 38-40ºC Other- influenza, RSV, measles,
diphtheria

Epigottitis Sour throat hoarseness/ subglottic edema H.influenza

Mainly < 5yr of age

Influenza fever/ headache / respiratory symptoms Influanza virus A – pandermic

B- Epidermic
C – sporadic

Bronchitis dry cough, wheezing, chest tightness Influenza virus,

parainifuanza virus

Bronchiolitis common in <6months, RSV, para influenza, adeno,

cough, dyspnoea influenza virus

Penumonia productive cough, fever, chest pain Main-strep. pneumonia

Others- mycoplasma,
staphy.aureus. H.influenza,
legionela
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Micro-organism Epidermiology Transmission Propylaxis

Rhinovirus throughout the year, more in droplet transmission

winter & automn
all ages, more in children

Influenza A-pandemic droplet Amantadine

B-epidemic Remantadine
C- sporadic 1 tab./day 2-3 wks
Increase in winter Vaccination before season

Para influenza thought the year > autumn & droplet Nonspecific– isolation
spring , ↑ in children direct contact

RSV thought the year ↑autumn & direct contact non specific
spring ↑ in children
Nasocomial infection in
pediatric hospital

Diphtheria thought the year ↑ in older droplets contact milk Vaccine DT -Now then after one
patient & children 1-3 yrs products month then 6 month then
booster 5-10years
(monovelant / polyvelant)

Strep.pneumonia Respiratory tract pneumococcal polysaccride

infection mainly in vaccine for immune suppressive
immuno supresion patient
(malnutrition,
alcoholism, immuno
suppressant)

Haemophilus respiratory way haemophilus b conjugated

influenza vaccine

Report on Etiology, epidemiology, prophylaxis of the Acute respiratory diseases

Report prepared by
1. Dr. Sajid Mahmood, MD (EU), Accident & Emergency Department, NHS Royal infirmary Liverpool United Kingdom.
2. Dr. Adnan Akram, MD (EU), Department of Infectious Diseases. University Hospital Riga Latvia.
3. Dr. Aftab Ahmed, MD (EU), Infection Control Department, Kaunas Medical University Clinic. Lithuania.

Contact: publications [at] infekcijas.eu