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VICERECTORADO ACADMICO
FACULTAD DE INGENIERA
Ejercicios Propuestos 4
Algebra lineal
1.) Dada la matriz
3
1
0
0
1
4 0
1
0
0
1
0
0
2
0 = 0
1
0
3
1
0
0
4
1
= (2 ) (1 ) (1 ) = (2 ) (1 )2
( 1) = 0
0
0
0
3
3
0
0 1
0
4 2 = 0
3 3
0
2 (2)
0
0
0
2 31 0
0
0
3 32 0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
0
2 = 0
1 (2)
4
(
)
3
0
0
1 2
0 3 0 0
0 1 0 0
1
0 3 4 01 1 0 3 4 0 2
3
0 0 3 0
0 0 3 0
0 1 0 0
0 0
1
4 0 2 2 0 0 1 0 3
4
0 0 3 0
3 0
0 0
1 0
0 0
1
0
0
2 = 0
2 = 2 = 2 1
3 = 0
3
0
0
Vector propio para v2 donde x=1
( 1) = 0
3
0
0
2 1
0
0
3 0 1
0
3
0 4 2 = 0 0
0 0 3
0
0
3
11
0
3
0
0
0
1
0
4 2 = 0
1 1 3
0
1
0 0
1
1
4 0 1 1 2 2 0
3
4
0 0
0
1
0
0
0 0
1 0
0 0
1
1
1
1 2 = 0
1 = 2
2 = 2 = 1 2
3 = 0
3 = 0
3
0
0
Como esta matriz es de orden 3x3 y solo tiene dos vectores propios linealmente
dependientes no es diagonizable
= 4
1
0 0
1
1 4 0
0 2
0
0 0
1 0 = 4
0 1
1
(
)
(
)
= det =
4
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
4
2
0
4
2
Ecuacin caracterstica
Valores propios
( ) = 0 ( )(1 )(2 ) = 0
1 = , 2 = 1, 3 = 2
11
( ) = 0 4
1
0
4
1
0
11
0
0
1
0
0 0
4 2 = 0 4 0
2 1 3
0
1 0
0 0 0
1
0 4 01 3 2 2
4
0 1 0
1
1
0
0 1
0
4 2 = 0
1 3
0
0 1 0
1
0 1 0 2 2 1 0
0 0 0
0
0
0
0
1 0
0 0
0 0
1
1
1
0
1
0
1 + 2 = 0 2 = 1 2 = 1 = 1 + 0 = 1 1 = 0 3
3
3
0
3
0
1
1
0
1 = 1 2 = 0
0
1
0
1
0
0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
1
4 1 4 01 3 4 1 4 02 2 41 0
1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0
0 1
0
4 2 = 0
0 3
0
0
1
0
0 0
4 0
0 0
1
0
0
1 = 0
1 = 0
2 = 43 = 1 3
2 + 43 = 0
2 = 43
3
3
4
0
= 1 = 2 1
4
0 0 0
1
0 4 0 2 2
4
0 1 0
0
11
0
1 0
1 0
1 0
0
1
0
1 0
4 2 = 0 4 0
2 1 3
0
1 0
0 1
0
4 2 = 0
1 3
0
0 0
1
1 0 2 2 1 3 3 1 0
1 0
0
0
0
0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 1 2 3 3 2 0 0
0 0
1 0
1
0
0
1 = 0
2 = 2 = 1 2
1 0
3 = 0
0 0
3
0
0
0
1 = 1 Para x=1 multiplicidad geomtrica 1
0
Forma cannica de Jordan
1 0
0 2
0
0
0
1
1 = 0
2
0
0 0
2 1
0 2
Respuesta B:
Se dice que dos matrices A y B de nxn son semejantes si existe una matriz invertible C de
nxn tal que = 1
4
= = 0
0
Polinomio caracterstico
0 2
1
4 2 0
0 4
0
0 0
4
1 0 = 0
0 1
0
4
( ) = det( ) = det 0
0
Ecuacin caracterstica
0
4
0
( ) = (4 )(4 )(4 )
( ) = 0 (4 )4 = 0
0
4
0
2
2
4
2
2
4
Valores propios
X=1 multiplicidad 3, buscamos los vectores propios para x=1
0
0
0
44
( ) = 0 0
0
0 2 1
0
0
0 2 2 = 0 0
0 0 3
0
0
0
44
0
2
1
0
2 2 = 0
4 4 3
0
0
0 2 0
1
0 2 0 1 1 0
2
0 0 0
0
0 1 0
0 2 0
0 0 0
0 0 1 0
1
0
0
0
1 2 21 0 0 0 0 1 = 0 2 = 2 = 2 0
0 0 0 0
3
3
0
3
0
0
= 1 2 0 3
0
1
0
1 = 1
0
0
1 = 0 Multiplicidad geomtrica 2
1
Como la matriz dada es de orden 3x3 y solo tiene dos vectores propios linealmente
independientes, no es diagonalizable