PART D : RLC Three-Phase Circuit Measurement 1.

1 Objectives The purpose of this part experiment is to learn how to be able to analyze the effect of linear and non-linear load on the circuit and its power factor

1.2 Scope measure active power of a three-phase AC circuit. measure reactive power of a three-phase AC circuit. Measure apparent power and power factor of a three phase AC circuit.

1.3 Theoretical background

1.4 Equipment Model 8110 8311 8321 8331 8425 8426 8441 8821 8951 Equipment Mobile Workstation Resistive Load Inductive Load Capasitive Load AC Ammeter AC Voltmeter Three-Phase Wattmeter Power Supply Connection Leads Qty 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1.5 Procedure

PART 1 THREE PHASE WATTS, VARS, VOLT-AMPERES 1

a) Wye circuit was connected using suitable equipment as shown in Figure 2-5. For each of the loads L1 + L2 + L3, use a separate inductance section. Do not connect the neutral of the inductance module to the neutral of the power supply.

V
I1 L1

A
0 0,25 A ac E2

415 V ac I2

V
L2

A
0 0,25 A ac E3

415 V ac I3

V
L3

A
0 0,25 A ac

Figure 2-5

b) Each inductance was set for a reactance of 1200 K. c) Power supply was turned on and adjusts to 415 Vac. d) The voltages E1, E2 and E3 and the currents I1, E2 and E3 were measured and recorded. e) The voltage was returned to zero and power supply was turned off. f) Find average value of line current. g) Find value of line-to-line voltage Eline-to-line. h) The reactive power for each of the inductive loads was calculated. i) The total three-phase reactive power using the sum of (h) was calculated. j) The total three-phase reactive power using the line value from (i) and (h) was calculated.

a. A resistance section in series was added with each of the inductive loads as shown in Figure 2-6 using your Resistive Load. Do not connect the neutral of the resistance module to the neutral of the power supply. b. Each resistance was setting of 1200 while maintaining each inductance section at a reactance of 1200. c. Power supply was turned on and adjusts for 415 Vac. d. The line currents and voltages across each of the inductive loads L1, L2 and L3 was measured and recorded. e. Voltage was returned to zero and turned off the power supply.

0 250 V ac E1 V I1 L1 R1

A
0 1,5 A ac E2 0 250 V ac

415 V ac I2

V
L2 R2

A
0 1,5 A ac E3 0 250 V ac

415 V ac I3

V
L3 R3

A
0 1,5 A ac

Figure 2-5

f. Each of the voltmeter was reconnected as shown in Figure 2-7. Power supply was turned on and adjusted for 415V.

0 250 V ac

V
E4 I1 L1 R1

A
0 1,5 A ac

415 V ac

0 250 V ac

V
E5 I2 L2 R2

A
0 1,5 A ac

415 V ac

0 250 V ac E6 I3 L3 R3

A
0 1.5 A ac

Figure 2-7

g. The voltages across each of the resistive loads was measured and recorded. h. The voltage was returned to zero and turned off the power supply. i. Total active power dissipated in the three resistors was calculated using the result of (d) and (g). j. Total reactive power dissipated in three inductors was calculated using result of (d). k. Total 3 apparent power was calculated using result of (i) and (j). l. Total 3 apparent power was calculated using formula Eline-to-line. m. Power factor was calculated using the total 3 active and apparent power.
3. Capacitive load (1200 for each section) was added to Figure 2-7 in series with

capacitance and resistance and repeated procedure g-m.

PART 2 - THREE-PHASE POWER MEASUREMENT 1. The circuit shown in Figure 2.8 was connected using your Three-phase Wattmeter, Power Supply, Resistive Load, AC Ammeter, and AC Voltmeter.

I1

4
E1

0 1,5 A ac

1200

V
5

0 500 V ac

W1
1 2 3 4

W2
5 6

1200

1200

Figure 2.8

2. a. Resistance of each section was setting to 1200. b. Power supply was turned on and adjusted the line voltage to 415 Vac as indicated by voltmeter E1. c. Line current I1 and the power indicated by W1 and W2 was measured and recorded. d. Voltage supply was returned to zero and turned off.

3. 3 for apparent power (E1 x I1 x 1.73), active power, power factor and reactive power was calculated using result from 2(c).

4. a. The resistance module was replaced with capacitance module. b. The reactance of each section was setting to 1200. c. Procedure 2 was repeated. I1, P1, P2, P1+P2 was recorded. d. 3 for apparent power (E1 x I1 x 1.73), active power, power factor and reactive power was calculated using result from (c).

5. a. Capacitance module was replaced with inductance module. b. The reactance of each section was setting to 1200. c. Procedure 2 was repeated. I1, P1, P2, P1+P2 were recorded.

d. 3 for apparent power (E1 x I1 x 1.73), active power, power factor and reactive power was calculated using result from (c).

RESULT PART 1

Circuit A B C D

E1(V) 240 180 180 220

E2(V) 240 180 180 220

E3(V) 240 178 180 220

I1(A) 0.25 0.2 0.18 0.25

I2(A) 0.25 0.2 0.18 0.25

I3(A) 0.25 0.19 0.19 0.25

0 250 V ac

V
E1 I1 L1 C1 R

A
0 1,5 A ac 0 250 V ac

415 V ac

V
I2 L2 C2 E2 R2

A
0 1,5 A ac

415 V ac

0 250 V ac

V
E3 I3 L3 C3 R3

Indication :

A
0 1.5 A ac

Circuit A: Inductance module only. Circuit B: Inductance and resistance module in series where E at inductive section.

Circuit C: Inductance and resistance module in series where E at resistive section. Circuit D: Inductance, resistance and capacitance module in series where E at capacitive section.

ANALYSIS AND CALCULATION 1. Circuit with inductance module only

V
I1 L1

A
0 0,25 A ac E2

415 V ac I2

V
L2

A
0 0,25 A ac E3

415 V ac I3

V
L3

A
0 0,25 A ac

Figure 2-5 shows the connection of the circuit with the reactance value of 1200 .

I1 , I2 , I3 = 0,25 A Value of line-to-line voltage, Eline-to-line = 415V Reactive power for each inductive load Q1 = I1 V1 = 0.25(240) = 60 VAR All of inductive load have same voltage drop and current, so Q is same. Total reactive power QT = 3Q = 3(60) = 180 VAR Total reactive using line value of (a) and (b) QT = Iavg X Eline-toline = 0.25(415) = 103.75 VAR

2.

Circuit with inductance and resistance module Total active power dissipated in 3 resistors PT = P1 + P2 + P3 = (0.18)(180) + (0.18)(180) + (0.19)(180) = 99 W Total reactive power dissipated in 3 inductors QLT = QL1 + QL2 + QL3 = 0.2(180) + 0.2(180) + 0.19(178) = 105.8 VAR 3 apparent power using (a) and (b) S= = = 145 VA 3 apparent power using Eline Iline Average IL= Average IL = 0.19 A S = (415)(0.19) = 136.5 VA Power factor using (a) and (c) Pf = cos = = = 0.725

3.

Circuit with inductance, resistance and capacitance module Total active power dissipated in 3 resistors PT = 99 W Total reactive power dissipated in inductor and capacitor QCT = QC1 + QC2 + QC3 = (0.25)(220) + (0.25)(220) + (0.25)(220) = 165 VAR QLT = 105.8 VAR QT = QLT - QCT = 105.8 165 = -59.2 VAR 3 apparent power using (a) and (b) S= S= S = 115.35 VA

Power factor using (a) and (c) Pf = cos = Pf = 0.94 (power factor leading)

RESULT PART 2

Circuit A B C

I1(A) 0.21 0.22 0.19

E1(V) 415 415 415

P1(W) 70 36 -35

P2(W) 70 -40 50

P1+P2(W) 140 -4 15

Indication : Circuit A: Resistance module. Circuit B: Resistance module replace with capacitance module. Circuit C: Resistance module replace with inductance module.

ANALYSIS AND CALCULATION 1. Resistance module a. 3 apparent power(E1 x I1 x 1.73) S= (415)(0.21)(1.73)= 150.77 VA b. Active power P= P1 + P2 = 140 W c. Power factor Pf = cos =

= 0.93

2. Capacitance module

a. 3 apparent power(E1 x I1 x 1.73) S= (415)(0.22)(1.73) = 157.95 VA

b. Active power P= P1 + P2 P= -4 c. Power factor Pf = cos =

-0.025

3. Inductance module a. 3 apparent power(E1 x I1 x 1.73) S= (415)(0.19)(1.73) = 136.4 VA b. Active power P= P1 + P2 P= 15 c. Power factor Pf = cos = Pf = 0.11

DISCUSSION
1. Does the total reactive power found in (j) compare well with the total found in (k) for procedure 2 and 3 ? No 2. Does the total apparent power found in (k) compare well with the total found in (l) for procedure 2 and 3 ? No

3. Compare and discuss the power factor found in (m) for procedure 2 and 3.

 Yes, there are difference between both apparent power which is 145 VA and 115.35 VA. This because the ratio of the real power flowing to the load to the apparent power in the circuit are not the same for both the procedure.

4. A three-phase motor draws a current of 10 A on a 415 V line, and its power factor is 80 percent.

a. Calculate the apparent power S : IV cos : (10) (415) cos 0.8 : 4149.6VA

b. Calculate the active power P : IV : (10)(415) :4150W

c.

Calculate the reactive power Q : IV sin : (10) (415) sin 0.8 : 57.94 VAR

5. A 3 transformer delivers 120 kVA to a 3 load at a line-to-line voltage of 11000 V. Calculate the current per line :

I:

:
: 10.91A

6. If two wattmeters are used to measure total power in a three-phase three-wire system, does each meter measure single-phase power? Explain your answer. No because the two wattmeter measures the power in two phase not in the single-phase power.

7. What is the significance of a negative indication on a wattmeter? The wrong polarity connection at the wattmeter.

8. Would only one wattmeter be needed to measure the total three-phase power on a balanced three-phase four-wire system? Explain your answer. No

9. Must you use two wattmeters to measure the total three-phase power on a balanced three-phase-three-wire system? Explain your answer. Yes , 2 Wattmeter method is used to measures the power of 3 phase star or delta connected balanced / unbalanced loads.

10. Can a wattmeter that has current through its current coil and a potential across its voltage coil, indicate zero? Explain your answer. No because The device consists of a pair of fixed coils, known as current coils, and a movable coil known as the potential coil. current coils connected in series with the circuit, while the potential coil is connected in parallel. On analog wattmeters, the potential coil carries a needle that moves over a scale to indicate the measurement. A current flowing through the current coil generates an electromagnetic field around the coil. The strength of this field is proportional to the line current and in phase with it.