GS IP Civil-mil Relations Not enough discussion at school...not well enough. Tendency to view relations as static...need to think evolving.

Peel back original thinking... Classic: Edward Smith (early 50s) - military problems Huntington's Soldier and State - separation - military is agent of the state - ethic of obedience - objective and subjective control - increase professionalism to reduce military power and increase relation state power to reduce military power - how control? Professionalize or buy them off? - allegiance to state vs state leadership - idealist and not representative of real world...but like physics (requires frictionless plane to study), simplification is necessary to understand it (modeling) Cohen and Fever were Huntington students...challenge his notions. - tendency to focus on Western model Institution peculiar to state and peculiar to security environment/threat Professional vs Praetorian (or transitional) - competence vs politics - self-regulatory vs integrated with state matters - Roman...protect the emperor, primarily against internal threats (like Special Republican Guard in Iraq) - warlord ism ...not Praetorian because it had territorial protection mission Guard and Reserve professionalized (not like used to be) - also different relationship to active duty than originally designed - total force concept Tunisian military - professional, no force projection, apolitical, small force; focus is on external enemy and not supporting illegitimate regime; learned from mistake in 1977 when they put down rebellion ------Role of military in legitimizing the state - new country: integrator, nationalize - symbols of unity (national colors) - embodiment of core social contracts/principles Can you have a highly professional and political military? - Israel - Chief of General Staff - US...off color comments about VP=fired (McCrystal) Social military integration - Marines: purely offensive military branch, ideally overseas - utility uniform is considered unprofessional -

Evaluation between professional and praetorian: - second axis of regime vs nation? - purpose or structure? Structure becomes tautological, purpose is dynamic Existing approaches don't help or are counter....it's not generalizable...however... Political sphere is not impermeable...politics are distributors of resources, military is customer (so its their job to press for resources)...boundaries force customers to find ways around... We can use this as starting point to understand and look at specific instances of civilmilitary relationships