LTE/Mobile Internet Highlights

LTE/RAN/MIMO
Tx1
h11 h12 h21

Radio Access Network

GSM/GPRS/EDGE (GERAN)

Core Network
Circuit Switched Core

Services/Applications Network

TESTING TOPICS
MIMO
Multi Input Multi Output channeling is designed to boost LTE RAN performance without increasing Tx power requirements.

Rx1

eNode B
Rx2

2G

Um BTS Abis GSM-A BSC GPRS-Gb SGs

(CSFB) (SRVCC)

MSC MC CS-MGW

NC/E

GMSC MC TDM SS7

Tx2

h22

Sv

LTE Devices: Smartphones/Tablets/Laptops OFDM/MIMO Antennas in the 4G RAN

Critical standards-based component of 3GPP and LTE networks, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) is the use of two or more channels for a single communication transmission. This flexible transport link makes for higher data rates (inverse multiplexing) and increased reliability (interference control). MIMO configurations can include up to 8 transmit and up to 4 receive antennas which can be setup in downlink and/or uplinks. More Bits per Second/Hertz of bandwidth Reduced signal to noise ratio with the same transmission power MIMO can be broken into three technology sub categories Precoding or special processing Spatial multiplexing Diversity coding

Nb

CS-MGW

PSTN

What to Test? Base station receivers, handset and device functionality and performance testing: 8x2 and 8x4 bidirectional MIMO performance, beam-forming and OTA with real-world channel models.

VoLTE

UMTS Terrestrial RAN (uTRAN)

Packet Switched Core

S4 Iu-CS RNC Iur RNC
(Offline)

Other PLMN Application Servers

Billing Domain
Gi PCRF S9 PCRF Gx Gm Rx P-CSCF HSS Cx Sh

TDM

Voice over LTE is the concept of carrier-grade voice service over the packet-switched 4G LTE/IMS network.

LTE/Any-G Mobility
eNode B Uu
Uu Uu Uu Um X2 X2 S1-MME S10

MME

eNode B

MME

S10

MME

3G

SGSN Iu-PS Rf CDF Ga Ga

Gn Rf

GGSN

Uu

Node B

Iub

Gy/Ro CGF Bx

Operators IP Services

eNode B UTRAN
GPRS-Gb S3

S11

(Online)

OCF

What to Test? SIP registration and negotiation procedures, supplementary services, call control, SMS, data performance with voice traffic, impacts of the UE on QoS, voice quality, interaction between media services (e.g., video) and voice service.

Charging
Gc Gy/Ro PDN GW

GERAN

SSGN

S4

S-GW

PDN-GW

S12 Rf Rf S-GW S5/S8 PDN GW

Timing Synchronization
I-CSCF SLF S-CSCF IBCF

Anything, Anywhere, Anyime

The mobile broadband environment is a mixture of legacy and LTE components, delivering: Seamless mobility of subscribers and services Minimum service disruption Self-optimizing network (SON) using S1 and X2 functionality to automate eUTRAN efficiency Guaranteed Quality of Service Efficient resource management Reduced network cost

Two flavors of LTE timing: Precision Time Protocol (PTP) 1588v2 and Synchronous Ethernet (SynchE) G.8261.
What to Test? Time of Day accuracy, packet delay for downstream clocks, devices input and output wander and Backhaul performance.

LTE Evolved Packet Core Interfaces

S1-MMETS36.413: Control plane protocol between E-UTRAN and MME. S1-UTS36.414: Data path between E-UTRAN and Serving GW for the per bearer user plane tunneling and inter eNodeB path switching during handover. S2aTS23.402/29.275: Provides the user plane with related control and mobility support between trusted non-3GPP IP access and the Gateway. S2a is based on Proxy Mobile IP. To enable access via trusted non-3GPP IP accesses that do not support PMIP, S2a also supports Client Mobile IPv4 FA mode. S2bTS23.402/29.275: Provides the user plane with related control and mobility support between evolved Packet Data Gateway (ePDG) and the PDN GW. It is based on Proxy Mobile IP. S3TS29.274: Control path for user and bearer information exchange for inter 3GPP access network mobility in idle and/or active state. S4TS29.274: Control and mobility support between GPRS Core and the 3GPP Anchor function of Serving GW. In addition, if Direct Tunnel is not established, it provides the user plane tunneling. S5TS29.274: User plane tunneling and tunnel management between Serving GW and PDN GW. It is used for Serving GW relocation due to UE mobility and if the Serving GW needs to connect to a non-collocated PDN GW for the required PDN connectivity. S6aTS29.272: Transfers subscription and authentication data for authenticating/ authorizing user access to the evolved system (AAA interface) between MME and HSS. S6bTS29.273: PCRF interface between the PDN-GW and the AAA. S8TS29.281: Provides user and control plane between the Serving GW in the VPLMN and the PDN GW in the HPLMN. S8 is the inter PLMN variant of S5. S10TS29.274: Reference point between MMEs for MME relocation and MME to MME information transfer. S11TS29.274: Reference point between MME and Serving GW. S12TS29.281: Reference point between UTRAN and Serving GW for user plane tunneling when Direct Tunnel is established. Usage of S12 is an operator configuration option. S13TS29.272: It enables UE identity check procedure between MME and EIR. SGiTS29.061: Reference point between the PDN GW and the packet data network. Packet data network may be an operator external public or private packet data network or an intra operator packet data network, e.g., for provision of IMS services. This reference point corresponds to Gi for 3GPP accesses. SBcTS29.168: Reference point between CBC and MME for warning message delivery and control functions. GxTS29.212: Transfers (QoS) policy and charging rules from PCRF to Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF) in the PDN GW. GmTS23.002: SIP protocol Interface between UE and IMS. Gy/RoTS32.299: PDN-GW to charging OCF for online credit request. RfTS24.229: PDN-GW to charging CDF for offline credite request.

Evolved UTRAN (eUTRAN)

X2

S1-U S3

MRFP

MRFC

LTE
Mobile Offload
802.11

Uu

Evolved S11 Packet Core

MME S10 MME EPDG S2b S2a S6a S13 SBc

HSS SWx S6b AAA EIR SGi CBC Registers Gi

IMS
IMS-MGW I-BGF/TrGW BGCF MGCF

Mobile Offload
Femtocell/Wi-Fi technology impacting fixed/mobile convergence designed to free up RAN bandwidth. Solution are both unlicensed (Wi-Fi) and licensed (Femtocell).
What to Test? Handset automation, authentication, Wi-Fi offload gateways and ultimately VoLTE capability.

eNode B

S1-MME

Offload GW

Internet
SGi

Security
Network to device attacks. More unsecure access is driving ever-increasing security risks to users and operators. Hierarchical key architecture, unique security for access and non-access functions and forward security limits exposure.
What to Test? Simulate attacks on network elements and devices for functionality and performance with security levels and applications enabled.

AP

Packet Switched Core

Uu FemtoCell Iuh Iu-CS HNB-GW Iu-PS SGSN GGSN

Gn Gi

DEVICES/RAN TESTING
SPIRENT VR5 SPIRENT CS8 SPIRENT 8100

NETWORK/APPS LAB TESTING

SPIRENT TestCenter SPIRENT Landslide

SERVICE ASSURANCE TESTING

SPIRENT TestCenter Live

Spirents VR5 HD Spatial Channel Emulator brings unprecedented ease of use to testing MIMO/ beamforming devices and base-stations. 8x4 MIMO, TD-LTE, LTE-Advanced, bidirectional and handover testing are just a few of the challenges that are easily handled with this bench-top unit. The VR5 changes the game with unparalleled integration and performance, while new hardware introduces order-of-magnitude improvements in bandwidth, output power and dynamic range.

Spirents CS8 provides a highly-efficient solution for testing LTE & multimode UE designs in the R&D lab. CS8 is a single platform that delivers the most advanced EPC emulation and a completely configurable IMS implementation for testing IMS services such as VoLTE. CS8 offers comprehensive support for multi-cell, multi-RAT capability and integrated MIMO.

Spirents 8100 is the leading solution for LTE device operator acceptance testing. The 8100 provides comprehensive, fully automated benchmarking tools and will decrease time required for device validation and approval. 8100 solutions are available in a range of scalable, cost-effective options, from bench-top to fully-integrated platforms covering application, location and radio access test areas.

Landslide provides a comprehensive end-to-end platform that emulates millions of mobile data subscribers, simultaneously accessing the wireless network using various access models. Landslide emulates all of the key wireless core packet data network elements including Wi-Fi offload gateways and combines control plane and data plane simulation.

Spirent TestCenter provides unmatched performance with scale and realism to test next-generation networksfrom traditional performance testing to rigorous analysis of networks leveraging Virtualization, Cloud Computing, Mobile Backhaul and high-speed Ethernet, emulating real network scenarios and traffic patterns to assess QoS and QoE. Whether you are a service provider, manufacturer, product designer, or testing specialist, TestCenter will empower you to deliver on your promise of next-generation products and services.

Spirent TestCenter Live is used by Telcos, MSOs and MNOs around the world to support Ethernet service delivery. From mobile backhaul, to business services, to global IP networksoperation groups benefit from Spirents activation, performance monitoring and troubleshooting in a single deployed solution.

www.spirent.com