Parameter Planning

Parameter Planning

Commercial-in-Confidence

Parameter Planning

Contents and Session Aims

Overview of Parameter Planning Power Control Handover Parameters Admission Control Pilot Power Planning Neighbour Relationships Code Planning

Commercial-in-Confidence

Parameter Planning

Overview of Parameter Planning for UMTS

Parameter planning is the task of optimising the parameters that control the behaviour of the network Parameter planning does not usually involve modifying the physical equipment of the network Examples of parameter planning from GSM include:
! !

Frequency planning HSN planning

Commercial-in-Confidence

Parameter Planning

Parameter planning for UMTS

The parameters with which we can modify the performance of the network in UMTS are mainly held within the RNC As with GSM the user interfaces to the RNC are not defined within the 3GPP standards This means that different vendors may have slightly different parameter sets, although there may be a lot of overlap Many of those parameters detailed here are those suggested by the FRAMES project, 3GPP standards and Nokia texts

Commercial-in-Confidence

Parameter Planning

Power Control

There are two different levels of power control in UMTS

! !

Outer Loop Power Control Inner Loop Power Control

Commercial-in-Confidence

Parameter Planning

Outer Loop

The purpose of the Outer Loop power control is to set and adjust the Eb/No target for the service dependant upon the achieved BER/FER The BER/FER target will be associated with the service itself However it may be possible to set:
! !

The Measurement Frequency The Sampling Period

Commercial-in-Confidence

Parameter Planning

Inner Loop

The purpose of the Inner Loop power control is to achieve the target Eb/No over the air interface The inner loop power control is dependant upon which of two algorithms are used
!

Algorithm 1
" A single power control bit is used to indicate a power rise/lower

Algorithm 2
" A set of five power control bits are used, preceded by a series of 4 zero valued bits. Only if all bits indicate a power rise/lower is the power modified

Commercial-in-Confidence

Parameter Planning

Inner Loop Parameters

Parameter
OL_PC_PWR_STEP OL_PC_TRIALS CL_PC_REP_INTERVAL CL_PC_PWR_STEP UL Power Control Algorithm

PC Algorithm
Open Loop Open Loop Closed Loop Closed Loop Closed Loop

Typical Values
1dB 0.5dB (1dB also possible) Algorithm 1/Algorithm 2

Description
Power Increase for Access Preamble failure Maximum Number of Access Preamble Trials

Power Step for Closed Loop Power Control Algorithm Choice of uplink power control algorithm

Commercial-in-Confidence

Parameter Planning

Handover

Soft Handover is used in UMTS Soft handover is where multiple cells are simultaneously connected to a single UE The size of the handover zone can be set by modifying the handover parameters

Commercial-in-Confidence

Parameter Planning

Handover Parameters
Parameter
WINDOW_ADD WINDOW_DROP WINDOW_REPLACE PS_MINIMUM AS_MAX_SIZE HCS_LAYER_UP/DOWN HCS_LAYER_REPLACE

Typical Values
3dB 5dB 3dB -

Description
The active set window. All cells within the active set window are added to the active set until AS_MAX_SIZE is reached Cells within the active set falling below this threshold are removed from the active set If the size of the active set is AS_MAX_SIZE then a member is replaced when this threshold is breached. The minimum pilot strength of an active set pilot The maximum size of the active set Thresholds to select a higher/lower cell layer Thresholds to replace the current layer (frequency) used with a different cell layer

Commercial-in-Confidence

Parameter Planning

Handover Decisions in UMTS

Direction of Travel

Active set = 1
Pilot Ec/Io
Cell A WINDOW_ADD

=2
Cell A and Cell B

=2
Cell A and Cell C

WINDOW_REPLACE

WINDOW_DROP

Add Time Delay

Replace Time Delay Drop Time Delay

Commercial-in-Confidence

Parameter Planning

Handover Parameters

An example of how terminology may vary:

! ! !

WINDOW_ADD = AS_THRESHOLD - AS_THRESHOLD_HYST WINDOW DROP = AS_THRESHOLD + AS_THRESHOLD_HYST WINDOW_REPLACE = AS_THRESHOLD_REPLACE

Commercial-in-Confidence

Parameter Planning

Reducing the WINDOW_ADD

Reducing the WINDOW_ADD parameter will reduce the number of handover channels required Typically networks will be aiming at between 20% and 40% handover channels
!

Remember that increasing the number of handover channels used reduces the network capacity

Reducing the WINDOW_ADD beyond a certain point will reduce the effectiveness of soft handover and lead to:
! !

a reduction in macrodiversity gain at the cell edge an increased probability of handover failure

Commercial-in-Confidence

Parameter Planning

Reducing the WINDOW_DROP and WINDOW_REPLACE

WINDOW_DROP and WINDOW_REPLACE are used to prevent a ping-pong effect with cells being repeatedly added and removed from the active set. As such WINDOW_DROP must be larger than WINDOW_ADD, with an added margin Reducing WINDOW_DROP will however again reduce the number of UEs in soft handover

Commercial-in-Confidence

Parameter Planning

Admission Control

Fast power control has the undesirable side effect of introducing instability in a CDMA network if the load is too high An additional mobile added to the network can cause party effects where every other mobile tries to increase its TX Power Headroom is required to prevent this The purpose of admission control is to maintain the stability of the network by ensuring that if the loading becomes too high no additional mobiles are admitted to the network

Commercial-in-Confidence

Parameter Planning

Admission Control

Admission control typically allows the user to limit:

! ! !

The Uplink Noise Rise in the network or the Uplink Load The Downlink TX Power or the Downlink Load The maximum TX Power per user

These are user definable parameters Typically a maximum uplink Noise Rise of 6dB ( a load of 75%) is allowed at macrocells or 20dB in microcells

Commercial-in-Confidence

Parameter Planning

Pilot Power Planning

By Pilot Planning we are referring to planning the power of the Pilot Channel Other control and signaling channels will typically be transmitted at a fixed offset from the pilot. The Pilot itself is used:
! ! !

To add cells to the active set in handover. To set the maximum extent of the cell. To allow for channel estimation at the receiver.

Commercial-in-Confidence

Parameter Planning

Modifying the Pilot Power

Reducing the pilot strength in an
isolated cell will have the effect of reducing the cell area

Initial Area

Smaller Area after Reducing the Pilot Power

Commercial-in-Confidence

Parameter Planning

Modifying the Pilot Power

If there is more than
one cell providing contiguous coverage then reducing the the pilot power will have the effect of moving the cell border towards the site modified

Increasing the power

will have the opposite effect

Note: This does not

necessarily reduce the number of handovers

Cell A

Cell B

Handover

Commercial-in-Confidence

Parameter Planning

Neighbour Relationships

Neighbour relationships will need to be defined for UMTS to enable the monitoring of neighbours within the Neighbour Set for handover The following Neighbour relationships may be required:
! ! ! !

Intra-frequency/layer UMTS neighbours Inter-frequency/layer UMTS neighbours Inter-mode mode UMTS TDD neighbours Inter-technology GSM900/GSM1800 neighbours

Commercial-in-Confidence

Parameter Planning

Code Planning

Code Planning is required for the downlink scrambling codes and downlink secondary synchronisation codes The objective of code planning is to ensure:
! !

that code reuse is as efficient as possible that we can maximise the minimum reuse distance between sites sharing the same scrambling code

There are 512 downlink scrambling codes that we can use At an average of 3 codes used per site this implies a reuse of 170!
!

Not too difficult...

Commercial-in-Confidence

Parameter Planning

Code Planning

However it should be born in mind that the Secondary Synchronisation Code may also require planning (future study required)
!

If this is the case there are only 64 Secondary Synchronisation Codes

" A mere 20 sites reuse pattern

Commercial-in-Confidence