Day 1 Microbiology FA Revision PDF

USMLE Forum
Step 1 Step 2 CK Step 2 CS Matching & Residency Step 3 Miscellaneous
<<
<
* Step 1
>
>>
* DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID #708581

zen786 - 11/12/12 20:08
Starting off with MICROBIOLOGY, Please note i posted this thread a little earlier then I had stated but thats because of I won't have access to my computer at 11pm today in particular. I apologize for that. I WILL RE-EMPHASIZE ON THIS MATTER: IF NO MAJOR ACTIVITY then we will discontinue.... This thread will remain ACTIVE until tomorrow [11/13/2012] 11 pm EASTERN STANDARD TIME. where at that point day 2**** behv science and psychiatry will begin :) 10 days , hardcore, thanksgiving break :) please share all your high yield information with regards to microbiology from first aid. Only share your own notes with first aid which maybe from multiple sources [kaplan, MMRS, etc] PLEASE DO NOT POST QUESTIONS ON THIS THREAD. PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE TOPICS .... share high yield facts, mnemonics, & Concepts. well I wish everyone the best of luck and as some of us stated we will be giving our nbme's after this so please work hard... 10 days is not a lot ... if we can devote this it will only benefit us .... cheers and good luck...
Archives
my first contributions : *mycobacteria is the only gram + organism that does not "stain well" *tularemia also requires charcoal yeast agar as well as legionella. *cysteine can be use to detect : the "ELLA SISTERS" [franciella, brucella, legionella, pasturella]
*TB & listeria : prevent phagolysosome phagocytosis *TB : prevents phagosome & lyososome fusion *listera : escapes before phagosome and lysosome fusion
Report Abuse
* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID
#2775856
zen786 - 11/12/12 20:16
maconkeys agar :
consist of bile salts and crystal violets which prevent "gram + bacteria" growth. only consist of lactose carbohydrate : therefore if taken up the bacteria that it will test for will be "gram - " lactose fermenters will show "pink colonies". but if theres no PINK colonies then the bacteria is STILL gram - .... the only point here that we can conclude is that its not a LACTOSE fermenter. :)
maconkey agar is neutrally RED stain

Report Abuse
* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID #2775858

zen786 - 11/12/12 20:22
Catalase : found within living cells allows human beings to convert h2o2 into H2O and O2 preventing oxidative damage. but patients with CGD this can not occur due to nadph oxidase deficiency preventing the cofactor formation required for H2o2 formation. therefore the humans then use bacterial h2o2 for oxidative damage done to those bugs.... but bacterias that are catalase positive prevent this from happening via converting their own h2o2 into h2o and o2 hence the catalase bugs then promote their infection..
catalse + bugs = staph, aspergillus ... add to the list theres more :)
Report Abuse

zen786 - 11/12/12 20:28
gram negative bugs have endotoxin on their cell surface [LPS] which when bound to a macrophage toll like receptor molecule promotes TNF alpha release . TNF alpha mechanism : tnf alpha release binds to tnf alpha receptor which causes a conformational change in the ligand protein SODD. - > this causes the dissociation of the protein from the intracellular "death domain" - > which enables TRADD protein to bind to death domain. - > leads to protein folding activating 3 pathways. pathway 1: Nf-Kb : which tries to promote cell survival and causes inflammation is "anti-apoptotic" pathway 2: MAPK kinase: which translocates allowing transcription factor C-Jun activation which is a PRO - apoptotic molecule. pathway 3: induction of death signal: via TRADD binding to FADD protein. - > which recruits cysteine proteases caspases - > raises intracellular caspases 8 - > which is autoproteolytic ... - > cleaving off caspases enzyme - > leading to apoptosis.
Report Abuse

zen786 - 11/12/12 20:30
giemsa stain : mnemonic = These Bugs Color Pink giemsa stains pink ..... T : trypanosomes, B : borrelia , C : chlamydia , P: plasmodium congo red stain is for : amyloidosis
Report Abuse

zen786 - 11/12/12 20:32
obligate anaerobes : clostridium bacteroides actinomyces
drug of choice : metronidazole & clindamycin

Report Abuse

ph3 - 11/12/12 20:32
Obligate anaerobes- ABC Actinomyces Bacteroides clostridia
Report Abuse

drda - 11/12/12 20:33
reserve drug for anaerobes- aztreonam

Report Abuse

zen786 - 11/12/12 20:33
superoxide dismutase : which are absent in obligate aneraobes just like catalase. superoxide dismutase : dismutation of superoxide into O2 & 2h2o2 = requirement for antioxidant. aminoglycosides can not be use to treat OBLIGATE* anaerobes because they require O2 for function.
Report Abuse

zen786 - 11/12/12 20:39
note : first aid section "encapsulated bacteria" states : in the right margin : "capsule conjugated with a protein, serves as antigen in vaccines" - > this is basically increase T cell response.
Report Abuse

apatole - 11/12/12 20:41
Lysogenic phages can transfer genes for virulence to a non-virulent strain of bacterium making it virulent. Examples are: 1. EHEC - Shiga-like toxin 2. C. Botulinum 3. V. Cholera 4. C. Diphtheria 5. S. pyogenes - erythrogenic toxin
Report Abuse
Page 1 of 28 [<<First]
[Next >]
[Last >>] [Last >>]
[<Prev] ... Message ... [Next >]
Logon to post a new Message/Reply
#2775875
zen786 - 11/12/12 20:44
excellent way of explaining lysogenic bugs @apatole, Thank you :) vaccines method basically is in SIMPLE terms: scientist take a polysacchride capsule antigen [ a molecule of antigen ] and attach a protein aka * IMMUNOGEN * to it that will generate an immune response .... [T cell ] which now will lead to "class switching and memory building". if this protein is not attached then only IgM present.
Report Abuse

best87 - 11/12/12 21:10
Causes of Meningitis: 0 to 6 moths 6months to 6yrs 6yrs to 60yrs 60+years G:Goup B Strep S strep pneumonia S L Listeria
E EColi N N.meningitis N G Gram negative rods
L Listeria E Ecoli E S strep peumo
H H.influ H
so its GEL SNEH SNEH and LGS
Report Abuse

best87 - 11/12/12 21:14
heyy the above msg was typo error sorry
Bugs causing meningitis its GEL for 0to 6months its SNEH for 6months to 6yrs and 6yrs to 60yrs and LGS for 60+yrs
Report Abuse

donblade - 11/12/12 21:28
Catalase bugs;SPANKS Staph Pseudomonas Aspergillos Nocadia Kleibsiela Seratia

Report Abuse

drda - 11/12/12 21:37
Add e.coli , listeria and candida in the list for catalase +
Report Abuse

drda - 11/12/12 21:38
M.CC of meningitis in teens- meningococci

Report Abuse

drda - 11/12/12 21:38
M.CC of meningitis in Renal transplant and Cancer- Listeria Identified by tumbling motility
Report Abuse

drda - 11/12/12 21:40
Oxidase+ Pseudomonas V.cholera C.jejuni H.pylori

Report Abuse

drda - 11/12/12 21:41
Non-motile, Non H2 S forming- Shigella Motile, h2S forming- salmonella

Report Abuse

sepusmle - 11/12/12 21:55
lysogenic phages- add "o" antigen of salmonella

Report Abuse
[<< First] [<<First]
[< Prev]
Page 2 of 28
[Next >]
[Last >>]
[Last >>]
#2775908
apatole - 11/12/12 22:02
@zen adding on to the polysaccharide capsule antigen. We can take a polysaccharide capsule antigen of certain bugs such as S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, and H. Influenzae and couple it to a protein carrier such as diphteria toxoid or tetanus toxoid and give it as a vaccine. Why do we do this? As zen stated it makes the polysaccharide antigen recognizable to T-cells since their antigen recognition sites can only pick up peptides. The classic example we need to know for step 1 would be H. Influenza capsule combined with diptheria toxoid.
Report Abuse

drda - 11/12/12 22:04
lactose fermenters= E.ccoli Klebsiella Enterobacter citrobacter Serratia

Report Abuse

best87 - 11/12/12 22:04
Arthropod borne viruses: Filovirus Arbovirus Bunyavirus Togavirus
Report Abuse

drda - 11/12/12 22:05
Elongation factor-2 inhibition- pseudomonas and diptheria

Report Abuse

drda - 11/12/12 22:06
Rubella- togavirus Rubeola- Paramyxovirus( measles) Roseola- HHv-6

Report Abuse

zen786 - 11/12/12 22:26
Thanks guys, I will pick up tomorrow morning I'm done for the night, Goodluck to everyone keep the thread alive guys!! @asg30, and few other members I'm looking for u guys!!!! Let's get it done!
Report Abuse

nellie333 - 11/12/12 22:51
@zen786....Sorry joining in late. but your coverage for abc anaerobes...I have a uworld explanation that stated metro doesn't cover gram + anaerobes and thats why usually DoC is clindamycin...
Report Abuse

zen786 - 11/12/12 22:58
@nellie http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metronidazole
Report Abuse

nellie333 - 11/12/12 23:05
@zen ok thanks. I'm not sure why uworld states. that... moving on: v. cholera and c. jejuni BOTH COMMA shaped, oxidase + and gram - but v. cholera can grow on an alkaline media
Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/12/12 23:21
hello all, sorry a bit late.. treatment of c. diphtheriae infection( IN ORDER OF IMPORTANCE) :--1---- ADMINISTRATN OF DIPTHERIA ANTITOXIN--- inctivates all circulating toxins, though ineffective against toxin that has already reached the cardic or neural cells. tus it is essential to prevent further damage to the heart / cns. (PASIVE IMM) 2--- ADMIN OF PENICILLIN/ERYTHROMYCIN--- kills bact, thus halting release of new exotoxins. 3--- DPT VACINE--- provides lasting immunity agnst future diph. infection (ACTIVE IMMUNITY) SO, ANTITOXIN TREATMENT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT AND HAS THE GREATEST EFFECT ON PROGNOSIS.
Report Abuse
[< Prev]
Page 3 of 28
[Next >]
[Last >>]
[Last >>]
#2775973
asg30 - 11/12/12 23:35
CULTURE MEDIA--H.INFLUENZAE---- chocolate agar with factor V( HAEMATIN) AND F. X NAD) N. gonorrhaea--- thayer martin or VPN MEDIA VANCOMYCIN, POLYMYXIN, NYSTATIN) to inhibit the growth of other g+ G- and fungi.. thus it is a selctive media.
Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/12/12 23:37
dpt vaccin-IMMUNIZATION WITH DPT VACCINE INDUCES PRODUCTION OF CIRCULATING IgG AGAINST THE EXOTOXIN BETA SUBUNIT---- THEREFORE PREVENTING DISEASE.
Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/12/12 23:44
superantigens---> bind to mhc II + T CELL RecePTOR ----> polyclonal t cell aCtivation -----> release of large no. of IFN GAMMA AND IL2-----> SYSTEMIC TOXICITY. EG---- s. aureus--- TSST1----> TSS ENTEROTOXIN--- FOOD POISONING, EXFOLIATIN--- SSSS S.PYOGENES-- SCARLET FEVER ERYTHROGENIC TOXIN also known as EXOTXIN A---- causes TSLS
Report Abuse
#2775982
asg30 - 11/12/12 23:49
CAPSULES--BACILLUS ANTHRACIS--- only bact wth a POLYPEPTIDE CAPSULE--- D- GLUTAMATE CAPSULE. H. INFLUENZAE---- capsule is composd of RIBOSE, RIBITOL, PHOSPHATE-- K/A PRP ( phosphoribosyl ribitol phosphate)... so antibody to PRP facilitate phgocytois of c. diphtherieae.
Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/12/12 23:58
DIAGNOSIS OF TREPONEMA PALLIDUM--1-- DARKFIELD MICROSCOPY--- DONE RIGHT AFTER SPECIMEN COLLECTON FROM THE EXUDATE OF THE ULCER- TO SEE THE MOTILE HELICAL BACT. ( differentiats it fom other spirochaetes) 2--- SROLOGICAL TSTS-NONTREPONEMAL TESTS-- VDRL, RPR for the presence of CARDIOLIPIN------- its a SCREENING TEST---- affectd by antibiotic theapy-- thus used for F/U OF TREATMENT AND DISEASE PROGRESION. TREPONEMAL TESTS--- FTA-ABS, MHA-TP detect specific treponemal ag.---- CONFIRMATORY TESTS-- REMAINS (+) FOR LIFE.
Report Abuse

dracpd - 11/13/12 00:32
guys i dont understand bacterial genetics clearly even aft listening videos.. can any one summarize on that topic plzz..... thankx
Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 00:32
can someone pl give some hy info on plasmid?

Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 00:55
MYCOPLASMA--- contains sterol but no cell wall MYCOBACTERIA--- contain mycolic acid. high lipid content. so require acid fast stain like ZIEL NEELSON STAIN. NOCARDIA-- is also weakly acid fast
Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 01:10
CRYPTOCOCCUS DIAGNOSIS -------------------------------------IT SI A HEAVILY ENCAPSULATED YEAST. 1--INDIA INK 2--- MUCICARMINE STAIN--- stains the thick POLYSACCHARIDE capsule RED. 3--- MOST SPECIFIC-- LATEX AGGLUTINITION TEST-- detects the polysaccaride capsular ag. 4---- CULTURE -- ON SABOURAUD'S AGAR
Report Abuse

dr9no - 11/13/12 01:48
TSST is super Ag that binds toMHC2 and Tcell receptor TSST : T -> TCell , 2S ->MHC 2
Report Abuse
[< Prev]
Page 4 of 28
[Next >]
[Last >>]
[Last >>]
#2776016
asg30 - 11/13/12 01:51
ACTINOMYCES --- yellow SULPHUR GRANULES. S.AUREUS---YELLOW PIGMENT PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA--- BLUE GREEN PIGMENT serratia--- RED PIGMENT
Report Abuse

dr9no - 11/13/12 01:56
what is CAMP test? The CAMP test is a test to identify Group B -streptococci based on their formation of a substance (CAMP factor)that enlarges the area of hemolysis formed by -hemolysin from Staphylococcus aureus. strep agalactiae go CAMP with s.aureus their camp area is large place of hemolysis they can playing with each other!( hollucination for recall;-)
Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 02:02
THANKS dr9no... :)) thats a nice way to remmber this confusing fact.
Report Abuse

dr9no - 11/13/12 02:05
if someone has endocarditis and damage valve what pathogen ? viridance group( sanguis)
Report Abuse
#2776022
asg30 - 11/13/12 02:07
EXOTOXIN--is a polypeptide in composition. is located in plasmid or bacteriophage. high toxicity. toxoids used as vacines TETANUS, BOTULISM, DIPHTHERIA ENDOTXIN--is a lipopolysacaride in compositon. is located in bact chromosome. low toxicity. no vaccine available. MENINGOCOCCIMIA, SEPSIS BY G NEG RODS.
Report Abuse

dr9no - 11/13/12 02:11
ur wellcome ;-) Elek is a bad man (toxin test) that have club ( coryne bacterium ) with his club he can do bad things like stop pr synthesis
Report Abuse

dr9no - 11/13/12 02:12
oh i forget do u know his club is metachoromatic blue red plz avoid him
Report Abuse
#2776025
kocharov777 - 11/13/12 02:14
Thanks for such an effort guys.I am a bit late coz of time zone,but i'll try to compansate it with activity here we go 1.the bacterial structure that gives rigidity and maintains shape of bug =peptidoglycan 2.the bacterial structure that serves as a site of oxidative and transport enzymess=plasma membrane(LPT bilayer) 3.site of beta lactamases=periplasm(only G-) 4.flagellum=prt vs pillus/fimbria=glycoprt,spore=dipicolinicacid ONE major feature of glycocalyx=mediates adherense to foreign surfaces e.g. cathethers,artificial valves,etc(S. epidermidis dlycocalyx,S viridans-mediates formation of dextrans---->adherence)
Report Abuse

kocharov777 - 11/13/12 02:19
Actinomyces aNaerob=1A+1N Nocardia Aerob=1A+1N

Report Abuse

larva - 11/13/12 02:21
Bugs that do not gram stains well "These Rascals May Microscopically Lack Color." 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Treponema - darkfield microscopy; fluorescent ab stain Rickettsia - intracellular parasite Mycobacteria - high-lipid wall (mycolic acid); acid-fast stain Mycoplasma - no cell wall (sterols) Legionella - primarily intracellular; silver stain Chlamydia - intracellular; no muramic acid in cell wall
Report Abuse
[< Prev]
Page 5 of 28
[Next >]
[Last >>]
[Last >>]
#2776030
asg30 - 11/13/12 02:23
B. PERTUSSIS TOXIN----> INHIBITS G alpa i ------> stimulates cAMP----> INCREASE INSULIN. INCREASED INSULIN---1--- causes lymphocytosis 2---causes histamine sensitivity--- whooping cough
Report Abuse

larva - 11/13/12 02:23
What are some properties of SHiN? 1. Encapsulated: antiphagocytic 2. IgA protease: allows respiratory mucosa colonization 3. Transformation/competence: allows uptake of DNA from environment
Report Abuse

larva - 11/13/12 02:25
Name the diseases associated with exotoxin (3) and endotoxin (2). Exotoxin: 1. Tetanus 2. Botulism 3. Diphtheria Endotoxin: 1. Meningococcemia 2. Sepsis by GNR
Report Abuse

larva - 11/13/12 02:26
Name the ADP ribosylating A-B exotoxins (4). Recall: B binds cell surface receptor, A performs ADP-ribosylation to alter host protein function. 1. C. diphtheria: inactivates EF-2, similar to Pseudomonas exotoxin A 2. Vibrio cholerae: ADP-ribosylates G protein to stimulate adenylyl cyclase, extrude Cl- and fail to absorb Na+ (H2O into gut lumen, rice water diarrhea!) 3. E. coli (heatl-labile stimulates adenylate cyclase, heat-stable stimulates guanylate cyclase: "Labile like the Air, stable like the Ground") 4. Bordetella pertussis: increases cAMP by inhibiting G-alpha, inhibits chemokine receptor causing lymphocytosis
Report Abuse

larva - 11/13/12 02:28
"Stay inside when it's Really Cold." 1. Rickettsia 2. Chlamydia Obligate intracellular bugs can't make own ATP.
Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 02:31
cl tetani and cl botulinum both cleave SNARE PROTEIN rqd for release of NT--GLYCINE AND GABA in case of cl. tetani and ACH in case of cl. botulinum
Report Abuse

larva - 11/13/12 02:33
diarrhoea producing bugs: Eating Contaminated Stuffs Causes Very Big Smelly Vomit. E.H. E. COLI 0157:H7(UNDERCOOKED MEAT, HAMBURGER) CLAUSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM(CANNED FOOD) SALMONELLA(POULTRY, MEAT, EGGS) CLAUSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS(REHEATED MEAT) VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS(SEA FOOD) BACILLUS CEREUS(REHEATED RICE) STAPH AUREUS(MEATS, MAYO, CUSTARD) VIBRIO VULNIFICUS(SEA FOOD)
Report Abuse

kocharov777 - 11/13/12 02:35
ABC anaerobs lack catalase-->susceptible to oxidative damage

Report Abuse

larva - 11/13/12 02:37
Endotoxin features ENDOTOXIN: Endothelial cells/ Edema Negative (gram- bacteria) DIC/ Death Outer membrane TNF O-antigen X-tremely heat stable IL-1 Nitric oxide/ Neutrophil chemotaxis
Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 02:45
HEY LARVA... i was just going to smmarise the toxins.. thanks for doing it..:)) do u know of ne other competent bacteria??
Report Abuse
[< Prev]
Page 6 of 28
[Next >]
[Last >>]
[Last >>]
#2776043
kocharov777 - 11/13/12 02:47
Capsule only(polysaccharide)--->IgM(Pneumovax) Capsule+Prt--->T cells-->class switching(HiB,Meningococcal vaccine etc.)

Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 02:47
@LARVA--what is O-ag of ENDOTOXIN ?? PL xplain

Report Abuse

kocharov777 - 11/13/12 03:03
only heat stable exotoxin=S. aureus enterotoxin endotoxin is released only when the bug is lysed preformed toxin(before ingestion) ---A. aureus enterotoxin,Botulotoxin(adults) toxin is formed after ingestion----E.coli,Cholera,Shigella,Botulism(infants from honey)
Report Abuse

dr9no - 11/13/12 03:20
A repetitive glycan polymer contained within an LPS is referred to as the O antigen, O antigen is exposed on the very outer surface of the bacterial cell, and, as a consequence, is a target for recognition by host antibodies.
Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 03:22
TRANSDUCTION--1-- GENERALISED/ PACKAGING EVENT--LYTIC PHAGE INFECTS BACT-----cleaves bact. chromosomal dna into many fragments--- also synthesises viral proteins--these bact dna fragmants get packaged into viral capsid wich goes and infects other bact. 2--- SPECIALISED/EXCISION EVENT--LYSOGENIC phage infects bact--- the viral dna gets incorporated into the bact dna--- whn the phage dna is excised, some flanking bact genes come along with it----- this dna containing both phage and bact genes, is packaged into phage viral capsid and goes and infects other bact. if someone can explain it in a simpler way pl do so. it took me many readings to get this into my head !!!!
Report Abuse

kocharov777 - 11/13/12 03:37
mnemonic ABCD etecA(labile)+Bordetella+Cholera+Dyphteria(along with Ps.aerug.)=ADP ribisylating

Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 03:43
S. AUREUS--Most common cause of tricuspid endocarditis in IV DRUG ABUSERS. (2ND MCC--- ps. aeruginosa.) MCC OF OSTEOMYLITIS. MRSA--- imp cause of nosocomial and commnity acqd infections
Report Abuse

dr9no - 11/13/12 03:48
asg30 : transduction accurs when a virus that infect bacteria called a BACTEROPHAGE, carrise a peice of bacterial DNA from one bacterium to another , do u know bactriophage look like? like spiders with long skinny neck Generalized: after phage penetration into host bacterium the phage trancribed replicated and translater ,at the same time the bacterial DNA is destroyed eventually.somethimed pieces of bacterial DNA are left intact, if these pieces are the same size as the phage DNA they can accidentally be packed into the phage capsid head.following lysis of the cell and release of the phages the one phage with bacterial DNA in its head can then infect another bacterium,this type of genetic transfer is more effective than tranformation coz the transferred DNA piece is protected from destruction during transfer by the phage capsid that hold it
Report Abuse

kocharov777 - 11/13/12 03:59
Microscopic appearence of serpantine or medusa head-B. anthracis Listeria-G+ with LPS
Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 04:01
THANKS DR9no !!!! great explanation :))

Report Abuse
[< Prev]
Page 7 of 28
[Next >]
[Last >>]
[Last >>]
#2776060
dr9no - 11/13/12 04:02
we had 2 models of phages : virulant: infecting the bacteria reproducting and then lysing and killing the bacteria temperate: have a good temperament and dont immediately lyse the bacteria , its DNA becomes incorporate into bacterial choromosome and the DNA then waits for a command to activate. ok in specialized transduction we have temperate phage ,after the DNA of phage incorporate to DNA bacterial its name changed to prophage and the bacterium is now lysogenic normally the prophage do nothing but it can eventually become active if become active the prophage DNA is spliced out of the bacteral choromosome and replicated translated and packaged into capsid sometime there is an error in splicing and a piece of bacterial DNA that lies at one side of prophage will be cut replicated and packaged with phage DNA this may result in a transfer of that peice of bacterial DNA to another bacteria
Report Abuse

rocked - 11/13/12 04:24
DNA viruses made easy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9CujPUqJwaM

Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 04:31
in healthy individuals, the GIT s many many no. of strict anaerobes like fusobact, clostridium, bifidobact, etc that suppress the growth of cl. difficle. thus even if healthy ind. ingest cl . difficle, THE PROTECTIVE MECHANISM OF INTESTINAL BIOMASS, dosnt let cl. difficle infection develop. ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY--- KILLS THE INTESTINAL BACTERIA-- CL . DIFICLE FLOURISH--- CAUSE PSUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS
Report Abuse

dr9no - 11/13/12 04:35
gonococci doesnt have vaccine why? due to rapid antigenic variation of pilus protein
Report Abuse

dr9no - 11/13/12 05:12
salmunella has Vi antigen this is a polysacharide capsule that sorrounds the O antigen thus protecting the bacteria from antibody attack on to O antigen (Vi for virulance) so in sickel cell or asplenia are more suseptible to salmonella infection
Report Abuse

dr9no - 11/13/12 05:19
shiga toxin have 2 subunit B for binding microvilluse in colon allowing the entry of A subunit that inactivate 60s ribosome inhibit pr syn and kill intestinal epithelial cell
Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 05:38
CORD FACTOR _____________ cord factor is the virulence factor for mycobacteria. M.tb cannot infect without C.F.....it is responsible for inactivating neutrophil, damaging mitochindria and induces release of TNF. on culture, m. tb grows in parallel chains--- this growth pattern k/a SERPENTINE CORDS IS due to C.F.
Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 05:39
TREATMENT of cl. difficle--- metronidazole

Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 05:43
can some one pl give some hy info about atpical mycobacteria ?

Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 05:50
WHERE IS EVRYONE--NAZZY, SOMU, CARVIDILOL, SAYIDINE ?? U ALL SAID U WILL BE THERE. COME ON GUYS, only me and dr9no, kocharov777 are keeping the thread active.. pl everyone share info.
Report Abuse
[< Prev]
Page 8 of 28
[Next >]
[Last >>]
[Last >>]
#2776080
asg30 - 11/13/12 06:24
H. INFLUENZAE-AEROSOL TRANSMISSION. Most invasive dse is causd b capsular type B. part of SHiN--- produces IgA PROTEASE, CAPSULE-- ANTIPHAGOCYTIC, its a COMPETENT BACTERIA( ie TRANSFORMTION) can also be grown with staph aureus which produces factor V. prophylaxis--- rifampin. Rx--- ceftriaxone .
Report Abuse

kocharov777 - 11/13/12 06:26
Some notes that I marked in G+ section 1.Listeria-transvaginal(NOT transplacentar) transmission,Beta Hemolytic.actin rockets(help moving). 2.Bacillus anthracis-microscopic appearence of serpentine or medusa head or box car 3.Lepromatous lepra VS. Tub lepra---what really distioguishes these 2 is granulomas in Tub. lepra(which is of course much less severe) 4.Myc. Tub-Sulfatide=antiphagocytic,Cord factor(surface glycolipid)=main virulence factor(block macrophage activation by INF gamma),promotes resistance to antituberculoids,also responsible for Xmas tree appearence on culture medium 5.BCG vaccine does not prevent infection,rather the complications of Tub such as tub. meningitis 6.Cl. dypht.-ELEK test 7.Clofazimine is an important agent in lepra treatment
Report Abuse
#2776084
kocharov777 - 11/13/12 06:34
why Vanco and Pen G cannot act on G-???coz outer membrane prevents entry of these agents
Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 06:36
virulence factors for e.coli-FIMBRAE-- cystitis, pyelonephritis. K CAPSULE-- Pnemonia, neonatal meningitis. LPS ENDOTOXIN--- septic shock _____________________________________________ organisms using pilli/fimbrae--e.coli meningococci b.pertussi v.cholerae
Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 06:47
unlike other e.coli types, EHEC doesnt ferment SORBITOL AND neither does it produce glucoronidase. 0157;H7---- M C STRAIN. produces shiga-like toxin--- cleaves host cell rRNA , inactivates 60S ribosomal SU-- PRODUCES H.U.S--- ANEMIA + THROMBOCYTOPENIA + ARF.
Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 07:02
UNPASTUERISED MILK--- LISTERIA, CAMPYLOBACTOR JEJUNI. __________________________________________________________ Y. ENTEROCOLITICA--- contminatd milk etc. causes MESENTRIC ADENITIS--- mimi CROHNS OR APPENDICITIS
Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 07:07
unpasteurised milk--- also brucella

Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 07:11
infection from environmental water sources-LEGIONELLA --detected by presence of antigen in pt's urine PSUDOMONAS--- swimming pool etc-- hot tub folliculitis. malignant otitis extrna, in DM pts, etc LEPTOSPIRA-- water contaminated with rat urine
Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 07:27
G (-) FACTS--______________ LEGIONELLA--- charcoal yeast extract agar with iron and cystiene.---- legionarre's diseae, pontaic fever.---- LABSHYPONATREMIA ( IMP NEW UW QUESTION) PSEUDOMONAS--- causes ECTHYMA GANRENOSUM SHIGELLA--- pathogenesis-- mucosal invasion--- shigella invades the intestinal epithelial cells-- esp. the M CELL IN PEYER PATCHES--- this is how it evades phagosomes-- spreads to other epi. cells and release SHIGA TOXIN--- hig inflmmatory response---DIARRHOEA. shigella>>>>> virulent than salmonella LEPTOSPIRA--- water contaminatd with animal urine---ICTEROHEMMORHAGIC FEVER---> liver failure--jaundice and renal failure--- azotmia
Report Abuse

kocharov777 - 11/13/12 07:37
just to add GLegionella Loose stool with few or no bugs,Diagnosis=antigen detection in URINE Ps.Aerug-malignant otitis externa(GRANULOMAs) Shigella-ACTIN POLYMERIZATION Salmonella-Widal test,Vi antigen(anto opsonization),antibiotics prolong disease course(WHY???can anybody explain???)
Report Abuse
[< Prev]
Page 9 of 28
[Next >]
[Last >>]
[Last >>]
#2776114
asg30 - 11/13/12 07:45
PILUS mediates bact adherence to the cell surface GLYCOCALYX mdiates bact adherence to foreign surfaces
Report Abuse

nazzy - 11/13/12 07:47
OK I AM READY IN FULL FORCE. LET'S MAKE TODAY AS PRODUCTIVE AS POSSIBLE, YA'LL .
LETS DO THIS!!!!!!!!!!! JUST SO YA KNOW MICRO IS MY FAVORITE SUBJECT :))))) I WILL SHARE MY PERSONAL MNEMONICS WITH YOU ALL
Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 07:48
aspiration pneumonia--klebsiella oropharynx anaerobes--- bacteroides, fuobacterium, peptostreptococus alo causes rt lower lobe lung abscess
Report Abuse
#2776120
kocharov777 - 11/13/12 07:51
Scenario a 16 yo boy develops flulike smptms,jaundice,conjunctivitis after sweamming in local small lake-Leptospirosis(Weil disease is a more severe type-jaundice+azotemia+fever,hemmorrhage,anemia)
Report Abuse

kocharov777 - 11/13/12 07:53
BIG point Asplenic patients have increased risk of BABESIOSIS(+SHiN of course)

Report Abuse

dr9no - 11/13/12 07:56
kocharov777 : dead salmonella release endotoxin

Report Abuse

nazzy - 11/13/12 07:57
SEGMENTED RNA VIRUSES: ROBA ( i dont take credit for Roba, its in FA somewhere:))
REO Orthomyxo Bunya Arena now whats the most important thing to remember of all 4? Reo- ONLY double stranded RNA virus Ortho- nothing we don't already know. We all know this is the flu. Associate HA and Neuraminidase with this. HA and NA (think Drift-- which is minor) compared to Shift. Bunya- one of 3 circular (mneomonic BAD: Bunya, Arena, Delta; all circular) Arena- think of mice, hamsters. THe only thing keep at the back of ur mind is Lassa fever encephalitis.
Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 07:59
wow.. thank goodness someone is here other than me... ok nazzy , u take over now.. me going to study uninterupted for the next 2 hrs wthout/ with minimal typing.. :)) !!
Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 08:01
hey can u gUys pl explain why asplenic pts have increased risk for SHiN bacterimia nd BABESIOSIS?? THANKS
Report Abuse

nazzy - 11/13/12 08:01
hahha who else is here, except me... asg30? :)

Report Abuse
[<< First]
[< Prev]
Page 10 of 28
[Next >]
[Last >>]
[<<First]
[Last >>]
#2776129
nazzy - 11/13/12 08:04
wait.. is that a trick ques? It's bc they're encapsulated ofcourse

Report Abuse

nazzy - 11/13/12 08:08
Ohhhhh Someone here... know of examples, that demonstrate: Transduction (gen vs specialized) Transformation Transposition Conjugation Phenotypic mixing
It's one thing to read it in books--- another thing to see it in a vignette. What are key words that you look for .... to know which one to pick
Report Abuse

kocharov777 - 11/13/12 08:09
Asplenia-->low IgM--->low opsonization-->low killing of encapsulated bugs. It is other in Babesiosis as it is an intra RBC bug,the infected RBCs are destroyed in spleen,so no spleen-->no elimination-->spreading
Report Abuse
#2776132
nazzy - 11/13/12 08:11
would ALL intracellular bugs @kocharov.. hence be susceptible to ...spread in an asplenic patient then?
Report Abuse

kocharov777 - 11/13/12 08:12
http://www.google.am/imgres?hl=ru&sa=X&biw=1241&bih=606&tbm=isch&prmd=imvns&t...,s:20,i:196 charcot joint..3' syphilis,Im sure they are able to show this joint also mark that in 3' syphilis you can see stroke without hx of HTN
Report Abuse

nazzy - 11/13/12 08:14
ALL DNA VIRUSES require a nucleus except POXVIRUS which replicates in cytoplasm ALL RNA VIRUSES replicate in enucleated cells except Orthomyxovirus!!!!!!!!
Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 08:16
KOCHAROV and dr9no. came in shortly... mostly its just me :(( more than 1000 views and only me and 2-3 more pple contributing ! :((
Report Abuse

nazzy - 11/13/12 08:18
yea that sucks... can ppl understand we ALL Need to contribute. :((((
Report Abuse

kocharov777 - 11/13/12 08:18
I guess only intra RBC bugs as they are filtered by spleen

Report Abuse

nazzy - 11/13/12 08:20
enucleated = replicating in cytoplasm. So ALL RNA viruses replicate in cytoplasm- with the exception of Orthomyxovirus
Report Abuse
[<< First]
[< Prev]
Page 11 of 28
[Next >]
[Last >>]
[<<First]
[Last >>]
#2776140
nazzy - 11/13/12 08:22
2 things affect Oligodendrocytes......
Multiple Sclerosis JC virus

Report Abuse

kocharov777 - 11/13/12 08:23
HIV is also an exception

Report Abuse

kocharov777 - 11/13/12 08:24
I AM WONDERING if Ehrlichia is transmitted bY Ixodes tick or Lone Star Tick??different ways in FA and Kaplan
Report Abuse

nazzy - 11/13/12 08:26
Erlichia is the Lone star tick.... ixodes is lyme disease. Shit... thats' what i always thought
Report Abuse
#2776144
dr9no - 11/13/12 08:27
it doesnt matter asg30! go on lets talk about mycology my exam is on 22 nov.:|

Report Abuse

kocharov777 - 11/13/12 08:28
Transmitted by 1. LOUSE-recurrent fever,Epidemic typhus 2.Fleas-endemic typhus,Plague 3.Ticks-Lyme,Babesia,Ehrlichia???,RSMF,Tularemia,Francisella,Colorado tick fever

Report Abuse

nazzy - 11/13/12 08:34
the first that RSV does when it enters the cell: It uses its RNA dep RNA polymerase to create a mRNA (positve sense RNA) in order to start the translation process.
Report Abuse

nazzy - 11/13/12 08:35
so... i have posted about 7 things now. And no one has commented. Is this how we do it? We post............. and dont really communicate with one another ?
Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 08:42
tranSformation--- comptent bact---SHiN transduction specialised--- shiga like toxin, cholera toxin, diph toxin, botulinm toxin, erythrogenic toxin-scarlet fever. reassortment--- influenza a @nazzy--- pl provide the other examples
Report Abuse

zen786 - 11/13/12 08:45
Good morning guys , it's 9 am on my part currently so I will shortly join you guys after I run my errands!!
I just read all the posts and I'm very glad to see you guys active!! Just remember the more you type and post the better you will remember and recall!!! Thank you.... I haven't made my contributions but I will start shortly!!! :) We have till tonight 11 pm
Report Abuse
[<< First]
[< Prev]
Page 12 of 28
[Next >]
[Last >>]
[<<First]
[Last >>]
#2776154
kocharov777 - 11/13/12 08:45
nazzy,thanks for posting.I commented of course one of your posts(RNA replication),but this is not the case...the most important thing is realizing that whatever we do,we do first of all for us::)I am posting things that I've gathered during a year,hardly memorizable,also HY things gained from several Qbanks.Typing here helps to consolidate(it is for yourself:),and also other members can take from ur post what they fibd useful.these are great reminders.I think it is a good way of communication..commenting is not always nesessary,just when u find useful or somebody asking anything or you got a question:))) thanks
Report Abuse

dr9no - 11/13/12 08:45
histoplasma and blastomyces : mississipi river coccidiosis: soutwestern us ( arizona, new mexico, southern colifornia) coccidiose has become common in AIDS patient who have resided in arizona ! so a sick AIDS patient with history of previous residence in aouth western would raise suspicions.
Report Abuse

kocharov777 - 11/13/12 08:51
Naegler's reaction =Cl. perfringens lecithinase activity on egg yolk agar

Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 08:53
good evening zen...its evening in india and its our festival today--- HAPPY DIWALI TO ALL. ya i worked haRd to keep the thead active... along with a few friends... kocharov777, dr9no, larva and nazzy.. hope to see activity from more members. CHEERS!
Report Abuse

nazzy - 11/13/12 08:53
alright guys----- muscle weakness, palpitations, mydriasis.
do you think of poisoning with ATROPINE OR BOTULINUM TOXIN?

Report Abuse

nazzy - 11/13/12 08:54
happy diwali Asg... It's 9am here on the east coast :)

Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 08:55
atropine??
Report Abuse

dr9no - 11/13/12 08:55
summary of histoplasma blastomyces and coccidiodes like tuberculosis: inhaled primary infection in lung,asymptomatic, mild sever or chronic, lung granulomas,calcification and or cavitation, unlike tuberculosis: no person to person transmission,fungi with spores, not acid fast ps: histoplasma nonencapsulated,present in bird and bat dropping so out break of pneumonia accur when cleaning chicken coops, cave exploring
Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 08:56
pl give answers for the bact genetics qqq u asked.. its quite important... thanks for asking a hy question
Report Abuse

kocharov777 - 11/13/12 09:08
well.. if you are given a pic that show WBC with berry cluster inclusions--->clue Ehrlichiosis(no rash) Q fever-presents as PNEUMONIA(despite the name) also I gotta nice scheme for ricketsial infections Ricketsial diseases RASH+ RASHRSMF Typhal Coxiella Ehrlichia .palms and soles .R. Prowazeki NO rash Lone Star Tick .CoA and NAD requirement .R. Typhi NO WF reaction Red inclusion .Palm and sole sparing NO arthropod in WBC
Report Abuse
[<< First]
[< Prev]
Page 13 of 28
[Next >]
[Last >>]
[<<First]
[Last >>]
#2776176
kocharov777 - 11/13/12 09:09
WTFFFFFF there is no scheme shown (((sorry.my scheme's shape is destroyed

Report Abuse

nazzy - 11/13/12 09:11
answer is Botulinum toxin. while we see mydriasis with Atropine..... we don't see flaccid paralysis (muscle weakness) with atropine. only with botulinum.
I want someone here to please speak of the bacterial genetic processess too. I don't know that too well- and its VERY high yield. Recap: Transduction (ex of both specialized vs general) , transformation, conjugation, phenotypic mixing, transposition. In FA they will give u the book definition---- but if it was so easy-- then most ppl wouldn't be getting these questions wrong!!!!!! There has to be someone out there------ who knows which key words to pick out-- when picking one of these terms.
Report Abuse

kocharov777 - 11/13/12 09:11
Ricketsial infection diagnosis-latex agglutination
Report Abuse

dr9no - 11/13/12 09:12
A latex fixation test (or latex agglutination test) is an agglutination technique used to detect antigens, such as those produced in response to the rubella virus or the rheumatoid factor. May be used for Rickettsia, coccidioidomycosis, though numerous sources of interferences (e.g., large immune complexes and high protein concentrations) lessen the utility of the latex agglutination (LA) test in most situations. There is an excellent LA test for cryptococcus.It also is used in definitive diagnosis of Group A streptococcus
Report Abuse

kocharov777 - 11/13/12 09:17
Nazzy I saw some nice topics abt Bact genetics in pagse 5-7(as I remember,check it).If u still got any Qs..u r welcome
Report Abuse

nazzy - 11/13/12 09:28
Syphilis = dark colored maculopapular rash + codylomata lata (secondary syphilis)

Report Abuse

kocharov777 - 11/13/12 09:28
http://www.google.am/imgres?hl=ru&sa=X&biw=1241&bih=606&tbm=isch&tbnid=8vBElu...:0,s:0,i:63 follicular conjunctivitis caused by Chl. trachomatis (A_C)

Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 09:29
ya nazzy, dr9no. and I tried to explain some bact genetics in or own words, as we understood them... i know its v tough, n even after studying this topic again n again, i get the qqqs wrong!! :( i hope zen or someone will post some qqqs in short for better understanding.
Report Abuse

nazzy - 11/13/12 09:30
I tried to find it on pages 5-7.. I couldnt find :( Maybe zen can go over bacterial/ viral genetics. It is so TOUGH!!!
Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 09:32
@kocharov-hey isnt rickettsial diseases diagnosed by weil fellix reaction?? is LAT a more specific test?? as it is in the case of cryptococcus?
Report Abuse
[<< First]
[< Prev]
Page 14 of 28
[Next >]
[Last >>]
[<<First]
[Last >>]
#2776197
asg30 - 11/13/12 09:35
@nazzy-- its there on pages 7-8 of this thread.. hope u find it

Report Abuse

dr9no - 11/13/12 09:45
brief of milk : listeria,brucella,yersiena, campylobacter

Report Abuse

shilu - 11/13/12 09:54
Hey guys sorry for being late. Very useful thread . Will contribute soon.
Report Abuse

zen786 - 11/13/12 09:58
Hi guys, I see the difficulty with bacterial genetics. I will explain in an hour - 2 hours.... I'm just busy with some errands... Sorry will join very soon :)
Report Abuse
#2776210
shilu - 11/13/12 10:05
spore are made of keratin like coat and lipicolinic acid

Report Abuse

drda - 11/13/12 10:18
spore has dipicolinic acid

Report Abuse

kocharov777 - 11/13/12 11:12
asg30 WF reaction is a distinguishing feature of Ricketsial family(although Coxiella does not cause WFR),Latex lutination is diagnostic..You are right in case of Cryptococcus-SPECIFIC test is LA,not any India ink or Mucicarmin staining datas thanks
Report Abuse

drda - 11/13/12 11:15
WF reaction is done using Proteus antigen

Report Abuse

drda - 11/13/12 11:16
Proteus and cryptococcus are both urease +

Report Abuse

shilu - 11/13/12 11:53
beta hemolysis on blood agar -staph aureus -strep pyogenes -strep agalactiace -Listeria
Report Abuse
[<< First]
[< Prev]
Page 15 of 28
[Next >]
[Last >>]
[<<First]
[Last >>]
#2776276
nazzy - 11/13/12 12:10
staph aureus and Listeria, show beta hemolysis? What is your source????
Report Abuse

kocharov777 - 11/13/12 12:11
EPEC---destruction and effacement of villi of small intestine in children

Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 12:19
@nazzy--ya this is given in uworld

Report Abuse

shilu - 11/13/12 12:23
@nazzy- FA 2012 pg 156 - about beta hemolytic bacteria

Report Abuse

kocharov777 - 11/13/12 12:28
Dyphteri management 1.Antitoxin 2.Penicillin or erythromycin 3.DTP
Report Abuse

shilu - 11/13/12 12:34
strep viridans produces extracellular polysaccharides ie dextrans from sucrose.These dextrans facilitate these viridans to adhere to fibrin. when there is endothelial trauma there is deposition of fibrin and platelets and so these bacteria get deposited on them. ----sub acute bacterial endocarditis-------------------------source U world
Report Abuse

kocharov777 - 11/13/12 12:42
Reccuring fever during African Sleepinfg Sickness coz of antigenic variation (transmitted By TseTse fly:)
Report Abuse

nazzy - 11/13/12 12:54
GUYS--- is this stuff high yield/ important?????????? How do CERTAIN VIRUSES PRODUCE THEIR mRna? DNA viruses- they transcribe their mRna directly from their DNA genome Positive RNA viruses- their genome = mRNA. So they use direct translation from their genome to make protein instead. (not mRNA) Negative sense RNA- produce first a + sense intermediate. They carry with them a RNA dep RNA polymerase in the virion-to make the mRNA Positive sense RNA- produce first a - sense intermediate. then translate proteins directly from its genome using cellular ribosomes. Retrovirus (BIG Exception; does its own thing) 1) uses a double stranded DNA intermediate to make its mRNA 2) transcription from pro viral DNA
Report Abuse

dracpd - 11/13/12 12:54
@zen: i hav a small req can u start a new thread for bact genetics and drug resistance separately.. it s a small topic but very HY.. so we can discuss it thoroghly.. plz
Report Abuse

nazzy - 11/13/12 12:56
Yes thats a good idea.... That's what I am reading/ trying to fully grasp. It's too much confusion in this thread!!!!!
Report Abuse
[<< First]
[< Prev]
Page 16 of 28
[Next >]
[Last >>]
[<<First]
[Last >>]
#2776321
kocharov777 - 11/13/12 13:01
Malaria forms (If anybody adds anything I wud appreciate) 1.Hypnozoite-Liver 2.RBC Schizont with merozoites 3.Released from RBC-Shizont??? Schuffner dots are seen in Both OVALE+VIVAX or???Wiki says both
Report Abuse

shilu - 11/13/12 13:02
Acid fast - mycobacteria -Nocardia -cysts of cryptosporidium

Report Abuse

kocharov777 - 11/13/12 13:06
Chloroquine SE=retinopathy
Report Abuse

kocharov777 - 11/13/12 13:09
ACID FAst +Pneumocystis Jirovici
Report Abuse

zen786 - 11/13/12 13:11
I'm working on the presentation of bacterial genetics and drawing up some images for you guys... give me some time... I will make a separate posts for my colleagues if they request it [asg30, kocharovv, drda,apatole, dr9no] if they request it.... Its only fair because they have been the highest contributors thus far....
Report Abuse

nazzy - 11/13/12 13:20
hey im contributing a ton zen :)))

Report Abuse

kocharov777 - 11/13/12 13:22
Chancroid-Hemophylus ducrei(painful)-school of fish appearence(microscopic) Granuloma Inguinale-Klebsiella inguinale-intracytoplasmatic Donowan bodies Lymphogranulemma venerum-Chlam. trachmatis L1-L3 intracytoplasmatic inclusions
Report Abuse

shilu - 11/13/12 13:30
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis can cause proximal bronchietasis in asthma pts

Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 13:32
hey zen, so nice of u.. u can post it in this thread or sparate thread according to ur convinience...
Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 13:37
@zen and another thing, its 12 past in my part of the world...so i'll be going off to sleep soon. pl lets do BEH SC AND PSYCH tomorrow... after this marathon micro, biochem will be very dificult to finish.. I Am sooo tired
Report Abuse
[<< First]
[< Prev]
Page 17 of 28
[Next >]
[Last >>]
[<<First]
[Last >>]
#2776354
shilu - 11/13/12 13:38
Rifampin prophylaxis in close contacts in -Meningococci -H. influenza

Report Abuse

zen786 - 11/13/12 13:39
@asg30 tomorrow we shall start behv and pysch :) no worries... @nazzy sorry ur contributions are also great thank u. I'll post here and a separate post as well :) goodluck.
Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 13:39
@shilu.. May i ask whats the source of ur info regarding ABPA??

Report Abuse

shilu - 11/13/12 13:40
U world question
Report Abuse
#2776361
asg30 - 11/13/12 13:43
ok.. thank u for putting it up:))... i think i missed out on this fact while doing uw.
Report Abuse

shilu - 11/13/12 13:55
Vaccine preventable diarrhoes Hep A Salmonella Rota virus
Add if more
Report Abuse

dr9no - 11/13/12 13:56
yes i agree too. plz say it by example or question .thx

Report Abuse

kocharov777 - 11/13/12 13:59
Rectal prolapse--Trichurius trichuria Treatment of Larva migrans-Diethylcarbamazine or Mebendazole

Report Abuse

shilu - 11/13/12 14:08
Diarrhoaes with small infective dose -shigella -C.jejuni -Enta amoeba histolytica - Giardia
Report Abuse

dr9no - 11/13/12 14:12
some one plz explain this whats the negative stranded viruses? virion brings its own RNA dependent RNA polymerase .?
Report Abuse
[<< First]
[< Prev]
Page 18 of 28
[Next >]
[Last >>]
[<<First]
[Last >>]
#2776386
larva - 11/13/12 14:14
" Doesn`t it sound like you are repeating the same word Trichuris,Trichuris?" ........... Children affected by this develop 'Repeated 'diarrhea and develop Rectal prolapse... DOC - Mebendazole
Report Abuse

larva - 11/13/12 14:17
, a virus whose genetic information consists of a single strand of RNA that is the negative which does not encode mRNA (messenger RNA).
Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 14:18
APERGILLUS FUMIGATUS __________________________ causes the follOWING--1--- ABPA--- IN C.F, ASTHMA pts l2---ung cavity aspergilloma-- after t.b , in the lung cavities causd by t.b 3---invasive aspergillosis--- in immunocompromised pts and in CGD 4---SOME species of aspeRgillus produce AFLATOXIN--- which causes HEPATOCELLULAR CA.
Report Abuse
#2776391
nazzy - 11/13/12 14:19
Yes. the negative sense RNA viruses will carry with them RNA dep RNA polymerases to make a positive sense intermediate---------------from which mRNA can be synthesized.
Report Abuse

larva - 11/13/12 14:19
"Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication" Arena Bunya Paramyxo Orthomyxo Filo Rhabdo Negative RNA viruses need their own polymerase
Report Abuse

dr9no - 11/13/12 14:19
thx larva
Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 14:23
HOSP ACQD BLOODSTREAM INFECTN-due to INTRAVASCULAR CATHETERS. M.C ORG--- COAG. NEG STAPH, S.AUREUS, E.COLI, ENTEROBACTER, ENTEROCOCCI, PSEUDOMONAS , KLEIBSIELLLA, CANDIDA.
Report Abuse

larva - 11/13/12 14:36
Use the mnemonics "P. AERUGINOSA" P: Phospholipase C, Pigments (pyocyanin, pyoverdin, fluorescin) A: Aerobic E: Exotoxin A, Exotoxin S, Elastase, Endotoxin R: Rod, Resistance, Recurrent pneumonia U: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) G: Green-blue pigment, Grape like odor I: Iron containing lesion N: Negative gram, Non lactose fermenter, Nosocomial infections O: Oxidase positive S: Slime capsule A: Adherin Pilli
Report Abuse

nazzy - 11/13/12 14:43
ooohhhhhhhhhh i like the pseudomonas larva. ONE last thing i would add ... to tweak it psedomonas is also catalase +
Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 14:44
HEY PEUDOMONAS works thru exotoxin a... but where does phospholipase c come in?? is it another exotoxin?? pl explain
Report Abuse
[<< First]
[< Prev]
Page 19 of 28
[Next >]
[Last >>]
[<<First]
[Last >>]
#2776427
asg30 - 11/13/12 14:52
STROGYLOIDES STERCORALIS--Can cause COUGH, ASTHMA LIKE BRONCHOSPASM AND HEMOPTYSIS. may cause TRANSIENT PNEUMONIA a larva migrates thru the lungs on their way to the laryngoparynx.
Report Abuse

larva - 11/13/12 14:52
Phospholipase C is a heat labile hemolysin. P. aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS), phosholipase C (PLC), and exotoxin A (ETA) can cause pulmonary inflammation. Both LPS and PLC induced high levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-1, 1IL-6, gamma interferon etc.
Report Abuse

larva - 11/13/12 15:00
Strongyloides Stercoralis MNEMONIC: I'm so strong that I can live in the soil and go through intact skin and cause diarrhea and pneumonitis
Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 15:04
thanks larva:))
Report Abuse
#2776439
zen786 - 11/13/12 15:04
bacterial genetics and replication ....
http://www.usmleforum.com/files/forum/2012/1/708691.php going to take a 30 mins break guys that took me a good 2 hours!!! darn i need to pick up my speed otherwise ill fall short!!!
Report Abuse

shilu - 11/13/12 15:06
Whiff test for bacterial vaginosis -high pH -add koH to slide containing vaginal secretion- emits fishy odour -Light microscpy- clue cells
Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 15:18
antigenic variation seen in--1--- influenza virus 2--- n. gonorrhoa pilus protein 3--- trypanosoma gambiense/ rhodisiense/brucei
Report Abuse

larva - 11/13/12 15:25
Antigenic variation remember BeTHIN (capital ) Borrelia Trypanosoma HIV Influenza N. gonorrhoeae
Report Abuse

asg30 - 11/13/12 15:33
ok guys gudnite, see you all tomorrow :)) have to do better time management from tomorrow. hope to wake up to lot of hy info !!! cheers!!
Report Abuse

kocharov777 - 11/13/12 15:38
MEasles later consecuences 1.SSPE 2.Giant cell pneumonia

Report Abuse
[<< First]
[< Prev]
Page 20 of 28
[Next >]
[Last >>]
[<<First]
[Last >>]
#2776491
shilu - 11/13/12 16:14
Live non attenuated vaccine--- adenovirus

Report Abuse

shilu - 11/13/12 16:19
Parvovirus B19 In utero--Hydrops fetalis Children--Erythema infectiosum Adults- Rheumatoid arthritis like symptoms
Report Abuse

shilu - 11/13/12 16:20
B19 virus attaches to human erythriods cells via the blood grp P antigen.
Report Abuse

shilu - 11/13/12 16:33
CMV I mmunocompetent--- mononucleosis HIV----retinitis Organ transplantation---Pnemonitis Immunosuppressed---Disseminated cmv causes diarrhoea and hepatitis
Report Abuse
#2776550
larva - 11/13/12 17:08
CMV Menifestations : "MRDICS": - Microcephaly vs. macrocephaly secondary to hydrocephalus in congenital toxoplasmosis - Mental Retardation - Deafness (sensorineural) also seen in congenital rubella - Itracranial Calcifications (periventricular) vs. the intracranial calcifications distributed throughout the cortex and basal ganglia in congential toxoplasmosis - Seizures (likely due to the intracranial calcifications)
Report Abuse

drda - 11/13/12 17:15
Triad of congential 1) Toxoplasmosis- chorioretinitis, intracranial calcification and hydrocephalus 2) syphilis- hutchinson's teeth( notched central incisors) + interstitial keratitis+ 8th nerve deafness snuffles- earliest sign of cong. syphilis mulberry molars also seen in syphilis 3) Rubella- PDA + cataracts 4)CMV- Seizures is an imp clue
Report Abuse

drda - 11/13/12 17:15
only diploid virus- HIV
Report Abuse

zen786 - 11/13/12 17:17
Staph Auerus toxins: alpha toxin : hemolysis beta toxin : sphingomyelinase proteins a+b+c of gamma toxin : a+b = hemolysis , b+c = leukocidin hemolysin : hemolysis leukocidin : destroy wbc enterotoxin : food poisioning tsst - 1 : release of cytokines epidermal exofliative - scalded skin syndrome : nikolskys sign
Report Abuse

drda - 11/13/12 17:17
Reverse transcriptase 1) HIV 2) HBV 3) Telomerase

Report Abuse

zen786 - 11/13/12 17:17
listeria monocytogenes is the only gram + organism with lipopolysaccharide endotoxin.

Report Abuse
[<< First]
[< Prev]
Page 21 of 28
[Next >]
[Last >>]
[<<First]
[Last >>]
#2776561
drda - 11/13/12 17:18
Pox virus- unlike other DNA viruses Does not replicate in nucleus Is not iscosahedral Naked viral genome is not infectious
Report Abuse

drda - 11/13/12 17:21
Paramyxovirus implicated in causing Paget's disease

Report Abuse

drda - 11/13/12 17:21
EBV receptor- CD 21 on B cells

Report Abuse

drda - 11/13/12 17:22
in SSSS the exfoliative toxin- mechanism is cleavage of desmoglein 1

Report Abuse
#2776568
larva - 11/13/12 17:24
Zoonotic bacteria: Big Bad Bugs From Your Pet named Ella Bartonella Boriella burdorferi Brucella Francisella tularensis yersinia Pestis pasturElla"
Report Abuse

drda - 11/13/12 17:25
Adenovirus-Buzz words 1) Military recruits 2) pink eye 3)hemorragic cystitis hemorrhagic cytitis - caused by cyclophosphamide is prevented by mesna but treated with N-acetyl cysteine Hemorrhagic mediastinitis- caused by B. anthracis - only org with polypeptide capsule , spore forming
Report Abuse

drda - 11/13/12 17:27
Superficial vascular lesions( proliferation) 1) with neutrophils- B. henselae 2) with lymphocytes- Kaposi's sarcoma ( HHV-8, seen in male homosexuals)
Report Abuse

drda - 11/13/12 17:29
Fusion protein- seen in paramyxoviruses- drug used- palivizumab

Report Abuse

drda - 11/13/12 17:35
@ zen- when are you starting psych and BS. I haven't read these subjects so would not be contributing in that thread. Thanks for all the effort of coming up with this whole thing
Report Abuse

shilu - 11/13/12 17:40
Atypical pnemonia -mycoplasma -chlamydia -legionella

Report Abuse
[<< First]
[< Prev]
Page 22 of 28
[Next >]
[Last >>]
[<<First]
[Last >>]
#2776585
zen786 - 11/13/12 17:43
@drda , Thank you for your amazing contributions!!! I sincerely appreciate it. We will be doing Psychiatry + behavioral science tomorrow for the set. and then the following day biochemistry :)
Report Abuse

drda - 11/13/12 17:44
mycoplama & chlamydia & legionella- treat with macrolide Azithromycin prophylaxis for patients with HIV with CD4 < 50- prevent MAI infection
Report Abuse

drda - 11/13/12 17:45
Welcome zen, that's the least I can do. I will join in for Biochem. Thanks
Report Abuse

drda - 11/13/12 17:49
allergy to penicillin G+ organisms- use macrolide G- organisms- use aztreonam ( can be used to treat only g- rods) I want to make a correction. In a previous post I wrote that reserve drug for anaerobes is Aztreonam . I actually meant Imipenam.
Report Abuse

zen786 - 11/13/12 17:50
:) thanks Drda!! will see you after today then* :)

Report Abuse

drda - 11/13/12 17:50
Imipenam- causes seizures ( cilastatin needed) Meropenam- no seizures and can be given without cilastatin
Report Abuse

drda - 11/13/12 17:51
Photosensitivity - tetracyclines -sulfonamides -chlorpromazine - Amiodarone

Report Abuse

drda - 11/13/12 17:54
hosts in life cycleDog- E. granulosis Cat- toxoplasmosis Schistosomiasis- Snail ( h/o egyptian people)
Report Abuse

drda - 11/13/12 17:56
Strawberry tongue seen in- Scarlet fever( sandpaper rash) - Kawasaki's disease ( desquamating rash on hands and feet, only indication of aspirin in children to prevent coronry aneurysms.) Aspirin in children- Reye's syn- Microvesicular steatosis
Report Abuse

drda - 11/13/12 17:58
Double zone hemolysis- Cl. perfringens Swarming on the agar- Proteus

Report Abuse
[<< First]
[< Prev]
Page 23 of 28
[Next >]
[Last >>]
[<<First]
[Last >>]
#2776609
zen786 - 11/13/12 18:02
novobiocin : dna gyrase inhibitor , competitive inhibitor of ATPase

Report Abuse

larva - 11/13/12 18:03
Atypical pneumonia MCQ SIR ............... Mycoplasma Chlamydia Q Fever (Coxiella Burnetti) SARS Influenza RSV
Report Abuse

drda - 11/13/12 18:04
Novobiocin- sensitive- S.epidermidis resistant- S. saprophyticus Both are urease +

Report Abuse
#2776612
drda - 11/13/12 18:05
Coxiella is spore forming and is spread without a vector

Report Abuse

larva - 11/13/12 18:07
Drugs causing photosensitivity PQRST AND CNG P- Phenothiazines Q- Quinine, Quinolones, Quinidine R- Retinoids S- Sulphonamides, Sulfonylureas T- Tetracyclines, Thiazides A- Amiodarone N- NSAID'S-- Ibuprofen, naproxen, celecoxib D- Dapsone C- Chloroquine, Chlorpromazine N- Nalidixic acid G- Griseofulvin
Report Abuse

drda - 11/13/12 18:20
Thanks larva , that's a great list !
Report Abuse

drda - 11/13/12 18:22
Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors 1) Trimethoprim- bacteria 2) Methotrexate- more affinity for eukaryotic cells( DOC- choriacarcinoma)
Report Abuse

kocharov777 - 11/13/12 18:23
I am done untill antimicrobials...no more effort for today(3am).I will do it tomorrow just before BS(hope it will be much easier) I wanna share some notes. 1.Roseola RASH is after FEVER,distiguishes frm Parvo and measles 2.Mubiluncus..G+ bug that seen in Bacterial vaginosis,but self is not STD 3.Nitrite test + characteristic for G-.exception is S,.Saprophyiticus 4.Killed BACTERIAL VACCINES for Anthrax,Bordetella,Yersinia,Cholera 5.P.Aeruginosa is a MCC of osteomyelitis in drug ubusers(also diabetics) 6.Shiga toxin-actin polymerization 7.HIV--ELISA(ruling out=sensitive),WB(ruling in=specific) 8.TAT gene-viral replication,NEF gene-decreases MHC I 9.CCR5 deletion=beneficial....CXCR4 deletion--FATAL(remember 4 is a fatal number loool) 10.HCV RNAPOL lacks proofreading--->antigenic variations 11.The Virion enzyme of HBV=DNA dependent DNAPOL 12.Prt F characteristic feature of paramyxoviruse(PALIVIZUMAB = ANTI Fprt) 13.ANtigenic drift is the result of RNA POL error of influenza 14.HAV causes smoking aversion 15.Smallest virus =Parvo
Report Abuse

myrock99 - 11/13/12 18:24
guys you all are amaizing. i have started late today i have done some q . and i am doing fa. i see some great explinations. thank you . wow . i ll post soon.
Report Abuse

drda - 11/13/12 18:25
@ kocharov One correction- The FA errata had asked to delete that S. Saprophyticus gives + nitrite test. its only GReport Abuse
[<< First]
[< Prev]
Page 24 of 28
[Next >]
[Last >>]
[<<First]
[Last >>]
#2776626
drda - 11/13/12 18:26
Largest Virus- Pox virus

Report Abuse

zen786 - 11/13/12 18:27
GREAT GOING kocharovv!!! get a good night sleep brother!!! you EARNED IT!! see you tomorrow :)
Report Abuse

zen786 - 11/13/12 18:27
P.s everytime i try to post something... It's already here loll you guys are QUICK!!
Report Abuse

drda - 11/13/12 18:30
@kocharov- why is CXCR 4 deletion fatal?

Report Abuse

drda - 11/13/12 18:35
Antibody to the core antigen is present in chronic hepatitis. Recovery is only indicated by the presence of the Antibody to HBsAg
Report Abuse

kocharov777 - 11/13/12 18:36
Thankks for correction)) I marked this point from either Qbank which asked which of the following can be beneficial for HIV...There were a point just mentioned abt CXCR4(sorry cant remember any explanation)
Report Abuse

drda - 11/13/12 18:38
The reason I am asking is that CXCR 4 is present on T cells and its deletion would be probably beneficial as the HIV requires it for penetration. We might come across something about this later. Thanks a lot for the contribution.
Report Abuse

zen786 - 11/13/12 18:39
Staph Aureus can be grown on Sheep agar, do not confuse with "heterophile antibody test of EBV"
Report Abuse

drda - 11/13/12 18:41
heterophile test in mononucleosis- + is EBV - is CMV

Report Abuse

ajcago - 11/13/12 18:47
Hello everyone , sorry for being late. I've read until page 8. I will post some notes now and I really don't know if you already have them in the previous pages.
Report Abuse
[<< First]
[< Prev]
Page 25 of 28
[Next >]
[Last >>]
[<<First]
[Last >>]
#2776652
larva - 11/13/12 18:49
hepatitis viruses People Hopes For Deluxe House. ........... hepatitis A =Picornaviridae family. hepatitis B =Hepadnaviridae family. hepatitisC =Flavivirus. hepatitis D =Delta virus hepatitis E =Hepe Virus hepatitis virus vowels effect bowels A and E effect the bowels causing diarrhoea.,trasmitted feco-orally
Report Abuse
* Invasive aspergillosis #2776653

ajcago - 11/13/12 18:49
Invasive aspergillosis : immunosuppressed patients. The neutopenia associated with leukemias and lymphomas is strongly associated with invasive aspergillosis. Lung is the most common place. C/P : hemoptysis, lung granulomas. Aspergillus has a predilection of blood vessels , spreading hematogenously and potentially causing tissue infarcts in the skin , paranasal sinuses , kidneys , endocardium and brain. ttt : Amphotericine B.
Report Abuse

zen786 - 11/13/12 18:49
somebody explain : first aid page 146 : 2011 edition says : "PHaryngitis can result in rheumatic PHever and glomerulonePHritis. No rheum for SPECCulation subcutaneous plaques, polyarthritis, erythema marginatum, chorea, carditis what does that mnemonic even mean ? lol
Report Abuse

kocharov777 - 11/13/12 18:50
drda I was thinking abt the same when saw this )))actually gonna check and post
Report Abuse

zen786 - 11/13/12 18:50
LARVA that was too good !!! with the hep!!

Report Abuse
* Pasteurella mutocida #2776659

ajcago - 11/13/12 18:50
Pasteurella mutocida is a gm ve rod commonly found as a part of the normal oral flora of cats and dogs . It causes rapidly progressive soft tissue infection following an animal ( usually cats) bite. Local soft tissue infection can lead to draining cutaneous sinus tracts , lymphadenopathy, osteomyelitis and septic joints. Its an acute infection.
Report Abuse

drda - 11/13/12 18:51
@ajcago- Its ok.. You post. The more we read, the more we retain. Let it get repeated
Report Abuse

ajcago - 11/13/12 18:51
The most common pathogens isolated from hospital acquired bloodstream infections are : Coagulase negative staph Staph aureus Enterococcus E.Coli Enterobacter Psudomonas Klebsiella Candida.
Report Abuse

zen786 - 11/13/12 18:52
agree with drda @ajcago :)

Report Abuse

ajcago - 11/13/12 18:52
Most enveloped nucleocapsid viruses acquire their lipid bilayer envelope by budding through the plasma membrane of the host cell. Exceptions include the herpesviruses, which bud through and acquire their envelope from the host cell nuclear membrane.
Report Abuse
[<< First]
[< Prev]
Page 26 of 28
[Next >]
[Last >>]
[<<First]
[Last >>]
#2776665
drda - 11/13/12 18:53
Hep A& E- do not have carriers

Report Abuse

ajcago - 11/13/12 18:54
Legionella infection should be suspected in ptn with radiograhpic evidence of pneumonia with high fever and accompanying GIT symptosms such as diarrhea. DX : Antigen in Urine. Ttt of choice : Erthromycine
Pneumonia + Diarrhea = Legionella

Report Abuse

ajcago - 11/13/12 18:55
To destroy HIV Boiling for 1 min or water chlorination , bleach , formalin , UV irridation. Bcoz it lacks a lipid soluble envelope it can withstand exposure to 20% diethyl ether , chloroform or 50% trichloroflurethane. ttt with acid doesnt cause sufficient damage.( it can easily withstand an acidic gastric environment. Heating to 60% will
Report Abuse

ajcago - 11/13/12 18:55
Campylobacter fetus ( or intestinalis ) is an opportunistic pathogen that infects immunocompromised persons. Infection can cause septicemia in newborns , women in the third trimester of pregnancy and debilitated elderly patients.
Report Abuse

ajcago - 11/13/12 18:56
HBSAg the first virological marker detected in the serum after inoculation , it PRECEDES both the elevation of serum aminotransferases and the onset of clinical symptoms.
Report Abuse

drda - 11/13/12 18:56
Legionella pts have hypontremia and confusion also. Aerosol transmission

Report Abuse

drda - 11/13/12 18:58
Could you explain why HBsAg is not detected in the window period if it appears first and we have to use Anti- HBc
Report Abuse

larva - 11/13/12 19:23
Tips to remember: Hep C- Chronic,Cirrhosis,Carcinoma,carriers Hep D- Defective,Dependent on Hep B Hep E- Expectant mothers,Epidemics.
Report Abuse

ajcago - 11/13/12 19:31
drda HBsAg disappears as simply because of immunological response (HBsABs). First, you have Ag excess phase , then Ag=AB ( precipiation of their complex and so neither of them appear) and finally ABs excess phase.
Report Abuse

drda - 11/13/12 19:36
Thanks ajcago
Report Abuse
[<< First]
[< Prev]
Page 27 of 28
[Next >]
[Last >>]
[<<First]
[Last >>]
#2776698
zen786 - 11/13/12 19:42
the only time u can give oral vancomycin is in treatment for C.difficle. otherwise IV vancomycin is nephrotoxic .... oral vancomycin is not absorbable.
Report Abuse

roshank06 - 11/13/12 19:47
Important Pictures CMV Owl's Eye: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Cytomegalovirus_01.jpg Treponema Pallidum- Darkfield microscopy: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Treponema_pallidum.jpg Legionella- http://www.microbeworld.org/index.php?option=com_jlibrary&view=article&id=756 Crytococcus Neoformans- India Ink: http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/70/flashcards/1509070/jpg/cryptococcu...5515633.jpg Listeria Monocytogenes- http://www.microbeworld.org/index.php?option=com_jlibrary&view=article&id=790 Ghon Complex: http://dc342.4shared.com/doc/PBflh_YO/preview008.png Psuedomonas Aeruginosa: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Pseudomonas_aerugin...osa_SEM.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Pseudomonas_aeruginosa_sme...0-02-10.JPG Streptococcus Pneuomonia: Gram Positive Diplococci. http://aapredbook.aappublications.org/content/1/SEC131/SEC241/G2227.large.jpg Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Caseating Granulomas containing Langhans Giant Cells. http://www.vetmed.vt.edu/education/Curriculum/VM8304/vet%20pathology/VET%20PA...20GIANT.jpg MTB: Can be recognized by their red color on acid-fast staining. http://aapredbook.aappublications.org/content/1/SEC131/SEC283/G3378.large.jpg Staphylococcus Aureus. Gram positive cocci in clusters. http://www.napavalley.edu/people/srose/PublishingImages/S.%20smeg%20and%20S.a...st%20st.JPG Neisseria Gonorrhoeae. Multiple gram negative diplococci with PMN leukocytes as well in the extracellular areas of a smear from a urethral discharge. http://localhealthguideonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/n.jpg Giardia Lamblia. The trophozite has a class pear shape, with double nuclei giving an owl's eye appearance. http://www.deluks.de/bilder/parasiten/slides/giardia%20lamblia%20trop...hozoid2.jpg Coccidioidmycosis. http://www.ajronline.org/content/184/2/552/F3.large.jpg Candida Albicans. Note the Branched Budding and Pseudohyphae. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Oral_thrush_Aphthae_...7_lores.jpg http://aac.asm.org/content/50/2/580/F4.large.jpg
Report Abuse

zen786 - 11/13/12 20:50
avoid egg based vaccines in patients allergic to eggs. flu based, yellow fever vaccines, slightly mmr vaccines.
Report Abuse

larva - 11/13/12 22:45
DIMORPHIC FUNGI HAVE HSBC BANK HISTOPLASMOSIS, SPOROTHRIX BLASTOMYCOSISI CRYPTOMYCOSIS

Report Abuse

larva - 11/13/12 22:51
All systemic fungi are dimorphic Cold(20) =Mold Heat (37)=Yeast All systemic fungi cause pneumonia Blastomyces- Broad Based Buds Forms Granulomatous nodules Histoplasma - Hides in Macrophages Hepatospleenomegaly Healing Calcifies lesions Coccidiodes - case rate increases after Earth Crack(quake) Causes Meningitis Arthroconidia inhaled forms Sperules with Histoplasma In Macrophages smaller than RBC Blastomyces buds same size as RBC Coccidiodes Spherules with endospores much larger than RBC
Report Abuse

zen786 - 11/13/12 20:50
avoid egg based vaccines in patients allergic to eggs. flu based, yellow fever vaccines, slightly mmr vaccines.
Report Abuse

larva - 11/13/12 22:45
DIMORPHIC FUNGI HAVE HSBC BANK HISTOPLASMOSIS, SPOROTHRIX BLASTOMYCOSISI CRYPTOMYCOSIS

Report Abuse

larva - 11/13/12 22:51
All systemic fungi are dimorphic Cold(20) =Mold Heat (37)=Yeast All systemic fungi cause pneumonia Blastomyces- Broad Based Buds Forms Granulomatous nodules Histoplasma - Hides in Macrophages Hepatospleenomegaly Healing Calcifies lesions Coccidiodes - case rate increases after Earth Crack(quake) Causes Meningitis Arthroconidia inhaled forms Sperules with Histoplasma In Macrophages smaller than RBC Blastomyces buds same size as RBC Coccidiodes Spherules with endospores much larger than RBC
Report Abuse

myrock99 - 11/13/12 22:52
thank you everybody for the great info. i have started late I just finished reading micro. i reviewd all 28 pages it is a great review. it was a wonderful idea. thank you very much. was nothing what I could add you guys nailed all the bugs . tomorow is the hardset one for me i drag reading BS. thank you for support and knowledge.
Report Abuse

shilu - 11/13/12 23:29
Drugs used for invasive MRSA -Vancomycin -daptomycin -linezolid

Report Abuse

kocharov777 - 11/14/12 04:20
Although micro day is over,I wanna mention some notes coz I am just finishing antimicrobials 1.Amninoglycosides have botulinum toxin-like effect 2.Streptomycin=DOC Tularemia 3.Macrolides increase bowel motility(beneficial postoperative) 4.Macrolides are P450 inhibitors except Azythromycin 5.B6 supplementation can prevent drug induced lupus due to INH 6.Pyrazinamide-causes porphiria 7.Artesunate-blocks Pl.Falciparum ER ATPase 8.Mebendazole-Dec glucose uptake,blocks microtubule functions 9.Pyrantel Pamoate-Nm antagonist--->spastic paresis 10.Praziquantel-Ca influx,vacuolization -->parasite death 11.Amantadine side effect=Livedo reticularis 12.RIBAVIRIN MOA a-Blocks IMP dehydrogenase--->dec Guanine b-blocks RNA POL c-block post-transcriptional capping d-antimetabolite(as uridine or cytosine) e-increases Th1,dec Th2 13.enfuvertide=gp41 inhibitor 14.Maraviroc=CCR5 receptor antagonist
Report Abuse
[< Prev]
Page 28 of 28 [Last >>]

Day 1 Microbiology FA Revision PDF

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Day 1 Microbiology FA Revision PDF

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

USMLE Forum

Step 1 Step 2 CK Step 2 CS Matching & Residency Step 3 Miscellaneous

* DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID #708581

* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID

maconkey agar is neutrally RED stain

* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID #2775858

* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID #2775859

* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID #2775861

* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID #2775862

obligate anaerobes : clostridium bacteroides actinomyces

drug of choice : metronidazole & clindamycin

* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID #2775863

Obligate anaerobes- ABC Actinomyces Bacteroides clostridia

* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID #2775865

reserve drug for anaerobes- aztreonam

* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID #2775866

* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID #2775872

* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID #2775873

[Last >>] [Last >>]

[<Prev] ... Message ... [Next >]

Logon to post a new Message/Reply

* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID #2775882

E EColi N N.meningitis N G Gram negative rods

L Listeria E Ecoli E S strep peumo

so its GEL SNEH SNEH and LGS

* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID #2775883

heyy the above msg was typo error sorry

* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID #2775889

Catalase bugs;SPANKS Staph Pseudomonas Aspergillos Nocadia Kleibsiela Seratia

* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID #2775892

Add e.coli , listeria and candida in the list for catalase +

* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID #2775893

M.CC of meningitis in teens- meningococci

* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID #2775894

* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID #2775895

Oxidase+ Pseudomonas V.cholera C.jejuni H.pylori

* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID #2775896

Non-motile, Non H2 S forming- Shigella Motile, h2S forming- salmonella

* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID #2775903

lysogenic phages- add "o" antigen of salmonella

[<< First] [<<First]

[<Prev] ... Message ... [Next >]

Logon to post a new Message/Reply

* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID #2775911

lactose fermenters= E.ccoli Klebsiella Enterobacter citrobacter Serratia

* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID #2775912

Arthropod borne viruses: Filovirus Arbovirus Bunyavirus Togavirus

* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID #2775913

Elongation factor-2 inhibition- pseudomonas and diptheria

* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID #2775914

Rubella- togavirus Rubeola- Paramyxovirus( measles) Roseola- HHv-6

* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID #2775930

* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID #2775944

* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID #2775951

* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID #2775957

* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID #2775970

[<< First] [<<First]

[<Prev] ... Message ... [Next >]

Logon to post a new Message/Reply

* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID #2775976

* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID #2775980

* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID

* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID #2775987

* Re:DAY 1: Microbiology revision !!!!!!!FIRST AID #2775997