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This book is designed to provide a convenient source of vital information for anyone who works with or
studies industrial gases. It is published by Air Liquide America Corporation, a subsidiary of Air Liquide,
the world's largest industrial gas organization. Through Air Liquide America Corporation, Air Liquide
markets virtually every industrial gas to industrial, commercial, and public facilities throughout North
America. Air Liquide is active in more than 60 countries around the world.
The data contained here is based on sources using standard industry references. It is believed to be
accurate, but is recommended for use as a guideline only.
Gas
1.0
2.205
0.08281
3.151
9.527
2.517
2,000
12.076
26.62
1.0
38.04
115.1
30.38
24.16
Liquid
cu
gallons
meters
liters (l)
(gal)
(nm3)
0.3174
0.105
0.3977
0.6998
0.2316
0.8767
0.02628 0.008691
0.0329
0.331
1.2528
1.0
3.025
3.785
1.0
0.7983
0.2642
1.0
635
209.9
794.5
pounds
(lb)
1.0
2.205
0.07245
2.757
6.745
1.782
2,000
Gas
Liquid
cu
meters
gallons
3
(nm )
(gal)
liters (l)
0.3627
0.1481
0.5606
0.7996
0.3262
1.2349
0.02628 0.01074 0.04065
0.408
1.5443
1.0
2.447
3.785
1.0
0.6464
0.2642
1.0
725.4
296.2
1,121
pounds
(lb)
Gas
1.0
2.205
0.1034
3.933
11.63
3.072
2,000
9.671
21.32
1.0
38.04
112.5
29.71
19.342
Liquid
cu
gallons
meters
liters (l)
(gal)
(nm3)
0.2543
0.086
0.3255
0.5605 0.18957
0.7176
0.02628 0.008893 0.03366
0.3382
1.2802
1.0
2.957
3.785
1.0
0.7812
0.2642
1.0
508.6
172
651
pounds
(lb)
1.0
2.205
0.05215
1.984
10.065
2.661
Gas
19.18
42.27
1.0
38.04
193.2
51.03
Liquid
cu
gallons
meters
liters (l)
(gal)
(nm3)
0.504 0.09928
0.3758
1.1112
0.2191
0.8292
0.02628 0.005177 0.019594
0.1971
0.7462
1.0
5.077
3.785
1.0
1.341
0.2642
1.0
pounds
tons
0.0005
1.0
2,000
1.0
2.205
0.0011023
0.1144 -4.359
0.00218
8.47
0.004235
2.238
0.0011185
97.56
0.0488
Gas
kilograms
0.4536
907.2
1.0
0.05189
1.9772
3.842
1.0151
44.25
cubic feet
(Scf)
8.741
17.483
19.253
1.0
38.04
74.04
19.562
852.8
Solid
Liquid
cu
meters
(nm3)
0.2294
458.8
0.5058
0.02628
1.0
1.9431
0.5134
22.38
gallons
0.11806
236.1
0.2603
0.013508
0.5146
1.0
0.2642
11.518
liters
cubic feet
0.4469
893.9
0.986
0.05113
1.948
3.785
1.0
43.6
1 pound
1 gallon
pounds
-4.35
cubic feet
8.89
--
1 pound
1 gallon
pounds
-4.23
cubic feet
8.62
--
0.010246
20.49
0.226
0.0011723
0.04468
0.08678
0.02293
1.0
Ozone
Quantity
1 pound
1 kilogram
1 scf gas
1 nm3 gas
1 gallon liquid
1 liter liquid
Weight
Gas
kilograms cubic feet cu meters
pounds (lb)
(kg)
(scf)
(nm3)
0.4536
8.06
0.2118
1.0
2.205
17.77
0.4671
1.0
0.12406
0.05626
0.02628
1.0
4.72
2.141
38.04
1.0
11.283
5.117
84.3
2.21
2.981
1.352
22.28
0.5857
Liquid
gallons
liters (l)
(gal)
0.089
0.3355
0.1954
0.7397
0.011862
0.0449
0.4525
1.7127
3.785
1.0
0.2642
1.0
Weight
kilograms
pounds (lb)
(kg)
0.4536
1.0
2.2050
1.0
0.0725
0.0329
2.7500
1.2474
6.7800
3.0750
1.7910
0.8125
Gas
cubic feet cu meters
(scf)
(nm3)
13.793
0.3629
30.414
0.8001
0.02628
1.0
38.040
1.0
93.516
2.4605
24.703
0.6499
Liquid
gallons
liters (l)
(gal)
0.1475
0.5583
0.3252
1.2309
0.0106
0.0401
0.4056
1.5352
3.7850
1.0
0.2642
1.0
Gas
Liquid
cu
meters
gallons
(nm3)
(gal)
liters (l)
2.542
0.9593
3.631
5.603
2.115
8.006
0.02628 0.009919 0.03754
0.3775
1.4289
1.0
2.649
3.785
1.0
0.6998
0.2642
1.0
Gas
Liquid
cu
meters
gallons
(nm3)
(gal)
liters (l)
5.047
1.6928
6.408
11.126
3.733
14.128
0.02628 0.00882 0.03339
1
0.3355
1.2699
2.981
1
3.785
0.7881
0.2642
1
Lbs H2
5,000.0
Scf H2
960,000
pounds
kilograms
0.4536
1.0
0.09582
3.749
9.131
2.412
1.0
2.205
0.2172
8.266
20.13
5.318
Gas Volume
Liquid volume
cu
cubic feet
meters
gallons
liters
(Scf)
(nm3)
4.604 0.12098 0.04967
0.188
10.147
0.2667 0.10939
0.4141
1.0 0.02628 0.010773 0.04078
38.04
0.4101
1.5525
1.0
92.69
2.436
3.785
1.0
24.51
0.6441
0.2642
1.0
pounds
1.0
2.205
0.3416
13
25.51
6.738
kilograms
0.4536
1.0
0.15495
5.897
11.572
3.056
Gas Volume
Liquid Volume
cu
cubic feet
meters
gallons
liters
(Scf)
3
(nm )
2.93 0.07692 0.03921
0.1484
6.451 0.16958 0.08642
0.3271
1.0 0.02628 0.013392 0.05069
38.04
0.5096
1.9291
1.0
74.67
1.9623
3.785
1.0
19.726
0.5185
0.2642
1.0
Feet/Second
Miles/Hour
By
0.01136
0.01829
0.508
0.01667
0.6818
1.097
30.48
0.3048
0.5921
3.281
2.237
3.6
1.467
0.447
1.609
0.8684
To Obtain
Miles/hour
Kilometers/hour
Centimeters/second
Feet/second
Miles per hour
Kilometers per hour
Centimeters per second
Meters per second
Knots
Feet per second
Miles per second
Kilometers per hour
Feet per second
Meters per second
Kilometers per hour
Knots
By
To Obtain
33.94 Feet of H2O (x 12 = Inches of H2O)
Atmospheres
Atmospheres
Barrels (oil)
Barrels (oil)
Barrels/hour
42 Gallons
0.7 Gallons per minute
Cubic feet
Cubic feet
Feet
0.1781 Barrels
7.4805 Gallons (U.S.)
0.3048 Meters
Gallons (U.S.)
0.02381 Barrels
Gallons (U.S.)
Gallons (U.S.)
Gallons per minute
Part/million
Lbf/square inch
Lbf/square inch
Lbm/million gallons
Water (U.S. gallon)
Water (cubic foot)
0.1337
231
1.429
8.337
2.309
Cubic feet
Cubic inches
Barrels per hour
Pounds per million gallons
Feet of water at 60F (x 12 = inches of H2O)
2.036 Inches of mercury at 32 F
Pressure
1 pound/cu in
1 pound/cu ft
1 pound/gal
1 gram/cu cm
1 gram/liter
lbf/sq in
1.0
-0.00433
0.03613
--
Int'l atm
1728
1.0
7.481
62.43
0.06243
kg/cm2 mm Hg at 32 F
231
27.68
0.1337
0.016
0.1198
1.0
8.345
1.0
0.008345
0.001
in. Hg at 32 F
27,680
16.019
119.83
1,000
1.0
lbf/sq in
Int'l atm
kg/cm2
mm Hg at 32 F
in. Hg at 32 F
1.0
0.06804
0.0703
51.713
2.0359
1 int atmosphere
14.696
1.0
1.0333
760
29.921
1 kilogram/sq cm
1 mm Hg (Torr)
14.223
0.0193
0.9678
0.00132
1.0
0.00136
735.56
1.0
28.958
0.0394
1 inch mercury
0.4912
0.0334
0.0345
25.4
1.0
1 foot water
1 bar
0.4335
14.5
0.0295
0.987
0.0305
1.0198
22.418
750.06
0.8826
29.529
1 pound/sq in
bar
2.307
0.06896
33.9
1.01325
32.81
0.0446
0.9806
0.00133
1.133
0.03386
1.0
33.455
0.02989
1.0
Specific Energy
1 absolute
1 int Joule/gram
1 calorie/gram
1 int calorie/gram
1 Btu/lb
hp
1.0
-1.341
-0.9863
watt
745.7
1.0
1,000
-735.5
ctor below:
g-cal/sec metric hp
178
1.014
0.2388 0.00136
238.8
1,360
4.199
0.0239
175.7
1.0
sq in
1.0
144
--0.155
1550
--
hectare
--0.4047
259
--1.0
cu in
1.0
1,728
46.656
0.061
61.024
61.024
231
227.4
cu ft
cu yd
-1.0
27
-35.31
0.0353
0.1337
0.1605
-0.037
1.0
-1.308
----
cu cm
16.387
28.317
-1.0
1,000,000
1,000
3,785.4
4,546.1
cu meter
-0.0283
0.7646
-1.0
0.001
---
liter
0.0164
28.32
764.6
0.001
1,000
1.0
3.785
4.546
US gallon
0.00433
7.481
202
-264.2
0.2642
1.0
1.201
Imp
gallon
-6.229
168.2
-220
0.22
0.8327
1.0
inch
1.0
12
36
-0.0394
0.3937
39.37
--
grain
1.0
437.5
7,000
-15.43
---
oz
lb
ton
--
-0.0625
1.0
2,000
-2.205
2,205
--0.0005
1.0
--1.102
1.0
16
32,000
0.0353
35.274
35,274
gram
kg
metric
ton
---0.9072
-0.001
1.0
km
---1.609
--0.001
1.0
Nitrogen
1 lb gaseous nitrogen =
13.80 scf @ 14.7 psia and 70 F
scf/mo
(millions)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
20
30
40
50
1.38
2.76
4.14
5.52
6.9
8.28
9.66
11.04
12.42
13.8
27.59
41.39
55.19
69.98
scf/mo
(millions)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
20
30
40
50
ton/day
scf/mo (millions)
ton/day
10
12.5
25
50
75
100
7.25
9.06
18.12
36.24
54.36
72.5
ton/day
10
12.5
25
50
75
100
Hydrogen
1 lb gaseous hydrogen =
192.0 scf @ 14.7 psia and 70 F
1.21
2.42
3.62
4.83
6.04
7.25
8.45
9.66
10.87
12.08
24.15
36.23
48.3
60.38
scf/mo
(millions)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
20
30
40
50
scf/mo (millions)
ton/day
scf/mo (millions)
8.28
10.35
20.7
41.41
62.11
82.82
10
12.5
25
50
75
100
115.2
114
288
575
864
1.152
ton/day
ton/day
0.087
0.174
0.26
0.35
0.43
0.52
0.61
0.69
0.78
0.87
1.74
2.6
3.47
4.34
83
82
81
80
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
38,727
37,432
36,138
34,844
33,842
32,840
31,838
30,836
29,833
28,831
27,829
26,827
25,825
25,057
24,290
23,522
22,755
21,987
21,220
20,452
19,685
18,917
18,336
17,754
17,174
16,593
16,011
15,430
14,849
14,268
13,687
13,329
12,971
12,613
12,255
11,898
11,540
11,182
10,824
10,466
Percent
Volume
H2 O
3.8727
3.7432
3.6138
3.4844
3.3842
3.284
3.1838
3.0836
2.9833
2.8831
2.7829
2.6827
2.5825
2.5057
2.429
2.3522
2.2755
2.1987
2.122
2.0452
1.9685
1.8917
1.8336
1.7754
1.7174
1.6593
1.6011
1.543
1.4849
1.4268
1.3687
1.3329
1.2971
1.2613
1.2255
1.1898
1.154
1.1182
1.0824
1.0466
43
42
41
40
39
10,068
9,670
9,272
8,874
8,475
1.0068
0.967
0.9272
0.8874
0.8475
Dew
PPM H2O
o
Point ( F) (Volume)
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
-11
-12
-13
-14
-15
-16
-17
-18
-19
-20
-21
-22
-23
-24
-25
-26
-27
-28
-29
-30
-31
-32
-33
-34
-35
-36
-37
-38
-39
-40
-41
-42
-43
1,020
970
920
870
820
780
740
700
660
630
590
560
530
500
475
448
422
400
378
359
330
317
300
283
265
250
235
222
210
196
105
174
164
153
144
136
128
119
113
105
Percent
Volume
H2 O
0.102
0.097
0.092
0.087
0.082
0.078
0.074
0.07
0.066
0.063
0.059
0.056
0.053
0.05
0.0475
0.0448
0.0422
0.04
0.0378
0.0359
0.033
0.0317
0.03
0.0283
0.0265
0.025
0.0235
0.0222
0.021
0.0196
0.0105
0.0174
0.0164
0.0153
0.0144
0.0136
0.0128
0.0119
0.0113
0.0105
-44
-45
-46
-47
-48
98
92
87
82
76
0.0098
0.0092
0.0087
0.0082
0.0076
Dew
PPM H2O
o
Point ( F) (Volume)
Conversion Tab
Dew Point VS. Parts Per Million
Dew Point
F
-130
-120
-110
-105
-104
-103
-102
-101
-100
-99
-98
-97
-96
-95
-94
-93
-92
-91
-90
-89
-88
-87
-86
-85
-84
-83
-82
-81
-80
-79
-78
-77
-76
-75
-74
-73
-90
-84
-79
-76
-76
-75
-74
-74
-73
-73
-72
-72
-71
-71
-70
-69
-69
-68
-68
-67
-67
-66
-66
-65
-64
-64
-63
-63
-62
-62
-61
-61
-60
-59
-59
-58
Dew Points
38
37
36
35
8,077
7,679
7,281
6,883
0.8077
0.7679
0.7281
0.6883
-49
-50
-51
-52
72
67
62
59
0.0072
0.0067
0.0062
0.0059
34
6,633
0.6633
-53
55
0.0055
33
6,383
0.6383
-54
51
0.0051
32
6,133
0.6133
-55
48
0.0048
31
5,883
0.5883
-56
44.6
0.00446
30
5,633
0.5633
-57
41.8
0.00418
29
5,383
0.5383
-58
39.0
0.0039
28
5,133
0.5133
-59
36.5
0.00365
27
4,883
0.4883
-60
34.0
0.0034
26
4,633
0.4633
-61
31.7
0.00317
25
4,453
0.4453
-62
29.4
0.00294
24
4,274
0.4274
-63
27.5
0.00275
23
4,094
0.4094
-64
25.6
0.00256
22
3,915
0.3915
-65
23.6
0.00236
21
3,735
0.3735
-66
22.1
0.00221
20
3,556
0.3556
-67
20.6
0.00206
19
3,376
0.3376
-68
19.2
0.00192
18
3,197
0.3197
-69
17.9
0.00179
17
3,017
0.3017
-70
16.6
0.00166
16
2,897
0.2897
-71
15.4
0.00154
15
2,776
0.2776
-72
14.3
0.00143
14
2,656
0.2656
-73
13.3
0.00133
13
2,535
0.2535
-74
12.3
0.00123
12
2,415
0.2415
-75
11.4
0.00114
11
2,294
0.2294
-76
10.5
0.00105
10
2,174
0.2174
-77
9.8
0.00098
2,053
0.2053
-78
9.1
0.00091
1,933
0.1933
-79
8.4
0.00084
1,854
0.1854
-80
7.8
0.00078
1,775
0.1775
-81
7.2
0.00072
1,695
0.1695
-82
6.6
0.00066
1,616
0.1616
-83
6.2
0.00062
1,537
0.1537
-84
5.7
0.00057
1,458
0.1458
-85
5.3
0.00053
1,378
0.1378
-86
4.78
0.000478
1,299
0.1299
-87
4.50
0.00045
-1
1,220
0.122
-88
4.15
0.000415
-2
-3
1,153
1,087
0.1153
0.1087
-89
-90
3.84
3.53
0.000384
0.000353
Dew Points
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
is taken from an Air Liquide Website and shows that the PPM in Gas Data Book
resented data because it failed to identify the PPM as Volumetric Basis - not Mass.
is now labeled accurately in this worksheet. (Art M. 05/06/03)
Conversion Table
cts published the following Dew Point conversion data in their Website:
content in pure gases. To convert parts per million by volume of water vapor to dew point,
llowing table:
mosphere pressure.
ppm, Vol/Vol
0.10
0.25
0.63
1.00
1.08
1.18
1.29
1.40
1.53
1.66
1.81
1.96
2.15
2.35
2.54
2.76
3.00
3.28
3.53
3.84
4.15
4.50
4.78
5.3
5.7
6.2
6.6
7.2
7.8
8.4
9.1
9.8
10.5
11.4
12.3
13.3
14.3
15.4
16.6
17.9
19.2
20.6
22.1
23.6
25.6
27.5
29.4
34.0
36.5
39.0
41.8
44.6
48
51
55
59
62
67
71
76
82
87
92
98
105
113
119
128
136
Calibrated For
Air
Dry Air (D.A.)
Argon
Endo or Ammonia
Helium
Hydrogen
Natural Gas
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Propane
Specific
Gravity
1
0.295
1.38
0.59
0.138
0.0695
0.65
0.96
1.105
1.522
Air
1
0.543
1.175
0.768
0.371
0.264
0.806
0.98
1.051
1.234
D.A.
1.841
1
2.163
1.414
0.684
0.485
1.484
1.804
1.935
2.271
Argon
0.851
0.462
1
0.654
0.316
0.224
0.686
0.834
0.895
1.05
Endo or
Ammonia
1.302
0.707
1.529
1
0.484
0.343
1.05
1.276
1.369
1.606
Helium
2.692
1.462
3.162
2.068
1
0.71
2.17
2.638
2.83
3.321
Hydrogen
3.793
2.06
4.456
2.914
1.409
1
3.058
3.717
3.987
4.68
Natural
Gas
1.24
0.674
1.457
0.953
0.461
0.387
1
1.215
1.304
1.53
Nitrogen
1.021
0.554
1.199
0.784
0.379
0.269
0.823
1
1.073
1.259
Oxygen
Propane
0.951
0.517
1.118
0.731
0.353
0.251
0.767
0.932
1
1.174
0.811
0.44
0.952
0.623
0.301
0.214
0.654
0.794
0.852
1
Example: If the flowmeter is calibrated for air and argon is being metered, multiply the reading with 0.851 to get the actual argon flow. If the
actual pressure is different from the calibration pressure, use the correction factor from the calibration pressure chart.
0
1.01
1.03
1.06
1.1
1.13
1.16
1.3
1.42
1.53
1.75
1.93
2.1
0.5
1
1.02
1.05
1.08
1.11
1.14
1.27
1.4
1.51
1.71
1.9
2.06
1
0.98
1
1.03
1.06
1.09
1.12
1.25
1.38
1.49
1.69
1.87
2.03
2
0.95
0.97
1
1.03
1.06
1.09
1.22
1.33
1.44
1.64
1.81
1.97
3
0.93
0.94
0.97
1
1.03
1.05
1.18
1.29
1.4
1.59
1.76
1.91
Calibration Pressure
4
5
10
0.9
0.88
0.78
0.92
0.89
0.8
0.94
0.92
0.82
0.97
0.95
0.85
1
0.97
0.87
1.03
1
0.89
1.15
1.12
1
1.26
1.23
1.1
1.36
1.33
1.18
1.55
1.51
1.34
1.71
1.67
1.49
1.86
1.81
1.62
15
0.71
0.73
0.75
0.77
0.79
0.81
0.91
1
1.08
1.22
1.36
1.47
20
0.66
0.67
0.69
0.71
0.73
0.75
0.84
0.92
1
1.13
1.25
1.36
30
0.58
0.59
0.61
0.63
0.65
0.66
0.74
0.82
0.88
1
1.11
1.2
40
0.53
0.54
0.55
0.57
0.58
0.6
0.67
0.74
0.8
0.9
1
1.09
50
0.48
0.49
0.51
0.52
0.54
0.55
0.62
0.68
0.73
0.83
0.92
1
owmeter is
Symbol
Mol
Weight
12.011
14,093
14,093
Hydrogen
Carbon monoxide
H2
CO
2.016
28.010
61,100
4,347
51,623
4,347
7.9
0.6
26.407
1.9
34.344
2.471
-1.571
8.937
--
26.407
1.9
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Ethylene
Propylene
Acetylene
CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C2H4
C3H6
C2H2
16.043
30.070
44.097
28.054
42.081
26.038
23,879
22,320
21,661
21,644
21,041
21,500
21,520
20,432
19,994
20,295
19,691
20,776
4
3.7
3.6
3.4
3.4
3.1
13.257
12.394
12.074
11.385
11.385
10.224
17.265
16.119
15.703
14.807
14.807
13.297
2.744
2.927
2.994
3.138
3.138
3.381
2.246
1.798
1.634
1.285
1.285
0.692
13.275
12.394
12.074
11.385
11.385
10.224
Name of Gas
Carbon solid
Symbol
Mol
Weight
H2
2.016
325
275
Carbon monoxide
Methane
CO
CH4
28.010
16.043
322
1,013
322
913
0.5
2
1.882
7.528
2.382
9.528
1
1
-2
1.882
7.528
Ethane
C 2 H6
30.070
1,792
1,641
3.5
13.175
16.675
13.175
Propane
C 3 H8
44.097
2,590
2,385
18.821
23.821
18.821
Ethylene
C 2 H4
28.054
1,614
1,513
11.293
14.293
11.293
Propylene
C 3 H6
C 2 H2
42.081
12,336
2,186
4.5
16.939
21.439
16.939
26.038
1,499
1,448
2.5
9.411
11.911
9.411
Name of Gas
Hydrogen
Acetylene
Natural Gas
Heat of Combustion
%S
%C
%H
% Ash
lbs/gas
net Btu/lb
Btu/gal
0.1
0.3
0.5
86.8
87.6
88.2
13
12
11
-0.1
0.3
7.18
7.6
8.15
19,214
18,821
18,400
138,000
143,000
150,000
1.78
75.3
--
13,500
--
Specific
Grav. 0.6
1,000
Btu/ft3
Kw
In
Out
Volts
Amps
BC
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
135
150
165
180
195
0.75"
0.75"
0.75"
0.75"
0.75"
0.75"
0.75"
0.75"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"
0.75"
0.75"
0.75"
0.75"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"
11/2"
11/2"
11/2"
11/2"
220/440
220/440
220/440
220/440
220/440
440
440
440
440
440
440
440
440
40/20
80/40
120/60
160/80
200/100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
6
81/8
101/4
13
151/4
171/2
193/4
22
241/8
263/8
281/2
303/4
33
Lb/Hr
CO2
375
750
1,125
1,500
1,875
2,250
2,625
3,000
3,375
3,750
4,125
4,500
4,875
Scfh N2,
O2, A
4,000
7,500
11,500
15,000
19,000
22,500
26,500
30,000
33,750
37,500
41,500
45,000
49,000
Fluid
MAWP
psig
50,000
N2/O2
500
100,000
N2/O2
500
Steam
Steam
Required
Pressure
lbs/hr
250 Max
1" Mueller
2" Mueller
15 Min
Flange
Flange
700
250 Max
1.5" Mueller 3" 300 lb
Flange
ANSI Flange
1,400 15 Min
N2 Inlet
N2 Outlet
Steam
Inlet psig
2" Female
Pipe
2" Female
Pipe
Model
A2SSEG-10X1
A4SSEG-10X1
A6SSEG-10X1
A8SSEG-10X1
A10SSEG-10X1
A12SSEG-10X1
A16SSEG-10X1
A20SSEG-10X1
A24SSEG-10X1
A30SSEG-10X1
A36SSEG-10X1
Dimension, inches
23 x 10 x 165
23 x 23 x 165
23 x 36 x 165
23 x 49 x 165
23 x 62 x 165
36 x 49 x 165
49 x 49 x 165
49 x 62 x 165
49 x 75 x 165
62 x 75 x 165
75 x 75 x 165
Rating -- 8 Hr
1,428 scfh
2,856 scfh
4,284 scfh
5,712 scfh
7,140 scfh
8,568 scfh
11,424 scfh
14,280 scfh
17,136 scfh
21,420 scfh
25,704 scfh
Rating -Continuous
400 scfh
800 scfh
1,200 scfh
1,600 scfh
2,000 scfh
2,400 scfh
3,200 scfh
4,000 scfh
4,800 scfh
6,000 scfh
7,200 scfh
*Gap or space between the extrusions is 5" for improved resistance to ice bridging.
Wt lbs
100
150
180
210
240
275
310
345
375
405
440
575
605
Condensate
Out
Fluid
Inlet
Fluid
Outlet
-320 F
70 F
-320 F
70 F
LCO2 Vaporization
Art Montemayor
Hi Montemayor,
15-Mar-04
Thank you very much for your reply. Your willingness to help is greatly appreciated.
The problem we deal with is CO2 supply for carbonated beverage bottling facility with several bottling
lines, and varying working regime.
The normal CO2 consumption is 3,000 Kg/Hr, but we have to take into account peak loads of
4,800 Kg/Hr and lowest load of 1,200 Kg/Hr.
Liquid CO2 source is @ -20 C (19.25 Bar a). [-4 oF & 264.4 psig]
Gaseous CO2 min. temp. supply requirement is @ 0 C.
Water source is 100 CU.M (26,406 gallons) treated water storage tank. This is an external, not insulated
tank, thus its temp. is effected by the ambient temp. The a.m. tank is foodstuff grad, so using of antifreeze
is not permitted. (What is "a.m. tank"??)
Preference of water heating is for energy saving considerations, and the experience of steam heating for
this application is very troublous (and nearest steam source available is 200 MTR away).
Average water supply temp. is 14 C, lowest winter temp. is 10 C, max. temp. is 28 C.
Water supply circulation pump: 70 CU.M/Hr (308 gpm).
As I've mentioned before, my concern is of water freezing and ice accumulation on external tube surface.
Another question is whether flow rate reduction is permitted when CO2 consumption is at its lower level?
(In case CO2 consumption is stopped, water circulation remains, and CO2 space is drained off).
I hope now you can have the full information needed in order to handle this problem.
Excel Workbook you suggest for Industrial Gas data and information is most interesting to me for both
this job and other jobs we have.
My address is: shmulik@boiler.co.il
Once again, thank you very, very much for your assistance!
LC
Page 35 of 97
FileName: 142168304.xls.ms_office
WorkSheet: LCO2 Vaporization
Art Montemayor
LC
LCO2 Vaporization
PC
Water overflow
@ 41 oF
Water source @ 50 oF
5.
1. LCO2 automatic valve opens when storage tank pressure is less than pre-set value (19.25 barA)
2. Water heat sink source is constantly circulating a minimum of
285
gpm of water at
o
o
50 C. This water exits the vaporizer at 41 F and is circulated to a heating source prior to being
circulated at the required 50 oF MINIMUM.
3. The vaporized LCO2 is vented directly back to the storage tank vapor space and the gaseous
consumption is derived from the common pipe joining the vaporizer and the storage tank.
If the gaseous CO2 demand decreases, the storage tank pressure starts to increase and the pressure
controller on the LCO2 block valve activates the actuator on the block valve, shutting LCO2 flow
to the vaporizer. Storage tank pressue ceases to increase.
4. Upon subsequent gaseous CO2 demand increase, storage tank pressure starts to decrease and
the pressure controller opens the LCO2 block valve to the vaporizer, initiating vaporization and an
increase in gaseous CO2 availability for the consumption.
The vaporizer coil must be physically and mechanically situated at a lower level than the lowest
LCO2 tank level in order to have gravity flow to the coil. The coil must be allowed to freely vaporize
LCO2 and return the product vapor directly back to the tank vapor space. The LCO2 block valve
must have bubble-tight capability to positively shut-off LCO2 supply when required. The heating
water source must be available at the design rate 100% of the time that vaporization is required.
Page 36 of 97
FileName: 142168304.xls.ms_office
WorkSheet: LCO2 Vaporization
Art Montemayor
LCO2 Vaporization
Page 37 of 97
FileName: 142168304.xls.ms_office
WorkSheet: LCO2 Vaporization
LCO2 Vaporization
Art Montemayor
308 gpm
4,800 kg/hr =
10,560 lb/hr
@ -4.3 oF & 284.7 psia, saturated liquid
121.57 Btu/lb
o
10 C =
o
50 F
o
5 C =
o
41 F
Q W Cp DT
Q
W
Cp DT
W = Water rate, lb/hr
Cp =
DT =
o
1.00 Btu/lb - F
o
9 F
W =
Water Storage tank capacity =
Vaporizer time available =
142,637 lb/hr =
285 gpm
26,406 gallons
93 minutes
Page 38 of 97
FileName: 142168304.xls.ms_office
WorkSheet: LCO2 Vaporization
Art Montemayor
LCO2 Vaporization
Page 39 of 97
FileName: 142168304.xls.ms_office
WorkSheet: LCO2 Vaporization
Art Montemayor
LCO2 Vaporization
Page 40 of 97
FileName: 142168304.xls.ms_office
WorkSheet: LCO2 Vaporization
Values
for Saturated
November
05, 1999
Temperature
Pressure Density(l) Volume(l) Internal Energy(l) Enthalpy(l) Entropy(l)
Cv(l) NIST Thermodynamic
Cp(l)
Sound
Spd.(l)
Density(v)CO
Volume(v)
Internal Energy(v) Enthalpy(v) Entropy(v)
Cv(v)
Cp(v)
Sound
Spd.(v)
Art Montemayor
2
Rev:
(F)
(psia)
(lbm/ft3)
(ft3/lbm)
(BTU/lbm)
(BTU/lbm) (BTU/lbm*R) (BTU/lbm*R) (BTU/lbm*R)
(ft/s)
(lbm/ft3) (ft3/lbm)
(BTU/lbm)
(BTU/lbm) (BTU/lbm*R) (BTU/lbm*R) (BTU/lbm*R)
(ft/s)1(11/09/99)
-109.40
14.696
97.560 0.010250
-64.111
-0.13031
0.17575 5.69000
182.80
0.57421
-100.00
22.310
96.900 0.010320
-61.211
-0.12201
0.26316 3.80000
183.81
0.55891
-68.98
76.696
73.463 0.013612
35.291
35.484
0.12701
0.23713
0.46671
3123.9 0.87775 1.13930
169.32
185.51
0.51074
0.15320
0.22186
730.40
-67.91
78.696
73.329 0.013637
35.79
35.989
0.12829
0.23627
0.46701
3112.2 0.89960 1.11160
169.39
185.61
0.50991
0.15364
0.22279
730.62
-66.85
80.696
73.196 0.013662
36.279
36.484
0.12953
0.23545
0.46730
3100.6 0.92145 1.08520
169.47
185.69
0.50910
0.15406
0.22371
730.82
-65.81
82.696
73.065 0.013686
36.76
36.970
0.13076
0.23468
0.46757
3089.2 0.94329 1.06010
169.54
185.78
0.50831
0.15448
0.22462
731.02
-64.80
84.696
72.936 0.013711
37.232
37.447
0.13195
0.23394
0.46783
3078.0 0.96513 1.03610
169.60
185.86
0.50754
0.15490
0.22553
731.19
-63.80
86.696
72.809 0.013735
37.696
37.917
0.13313
0.23325
0.46808
3066.9 0.98697 1.01320
169.67
185.94
0.50678
0.15531
0.22643
731.36
-62.82
88.696
72.683 0.013758
38.152
38.379
0.13428
0.23259
0.46832
3056.1
1.0088 0.99128
169.73
186.02
0.50604
0.15571
0.22733
731.51
-61.85
90.696
72.560 0.013782
38.601
38.833
0.13541
0.23196
0.46855
3045.4
1.0306 0.97028
169.79
186.10
0.50532
0.15611
0.22822
731.66
-60.90
92.696
72.437 0.013805
39.042
39.280
0.13652
0.23136
0.46877
3034.8
1.0525 0.95015
169.85
186.17
0.50461
0.15651
0.22911
731.79
-59.97
94.696
72.317 0.013828
39.477
39.719
0.13760
0.23079
0.46899
3024.4
1.0743 0.93084
169.91
186.24
0.50392
0.15690
0.23000
731.91
-59.05
96.696
72.197 0.013851
39.904
40.153
0.13867
0.23025
0.46920
3014.1
1.0961 0.91230
169.97
186.31
0.50324
0.15729
0.23088
732.02
-58.14
98.696
72.080 0.013874
40.326
40.579
0.13972
0.22974
0.46940
3004.0
1.1180 0.89448
170.02
186.38
0.50257
0.15767
0.23175
732.12
-57.25
100.7
71.963 0.013896
40.741
41.000
0.14076
0.22924
0.46961
2993.9
1.1398 0.87735
170.08
186.45
0.50192
0.15804
0.23262
732.21
-56.37
102.7
71.848 0.013918
41.149
41.414
0.14177
0.22878
0.46981
2984.0
1.1616 0.86085
170.13
186.51
0.50128
0.15842
0.23349
732.29
-55.50
104.7
71.735 0.013940
41.552
41.823
0.14277
0.22833
0.47001
2974.2
1.1835 0.84496
170.18
186.57
0.50065
0.15879
0.23435
732.36
-54.65
106.7
71.622 0.013962
41.95
42.226
0.14375
0.22790
0.47021
2964.5
1.2053 0.82965
170.23
186.63
0.50003
0.15915
0.23521
732.43
-53.81
108.7
71.511 0.013984
42.342
42.623
0.14472
0.22750
0.47042
2954.9
1.2272 0.81487
170.28
186.69
0.49942
0.15951
0.23607
732.48
-52.98
110.7
71.402 0.014005
42.728
43.016
0.14567
0.22711
0.47062
2945.4
1.2490 0.80061
170.32
186.75
0.49882
0.15987
0.23693
732.53
-52.16
112.7
71.293 0.014027
43.11
43.403
0.14661
0.22674
0.47082
2936.1
1.2709 0.78684
170.37
186.80
0.49824
0.16023
0.23778
732.57
-51.35
114.7
71.185 0.014048
43.487
43.785
0.14753
0.22638
0.47102
2926.8
1.2928 0.77352
170.41
186.85
0.49766
0.16058
0.23863
732.61
-50.55
116.7
71.079 0.014069
43.858
44.163
0.14844
0.22605
0.47123
2917.5
1.3147 0.76065
170.46
186.91
0.49709
0.16093
0.23947
732.63
-49.76
118.7
70.974 0.014090
44.225
44.535
0.14934
0.22572
0.47144
2908.4
1.3366 0.74819
170.50
186.96
0.49653
0.16127
0.24032
732.65
-48.98
120.7
70.870 0.014110
44.588
44.904
0.15022
0.22541
0.47165
2899.4
1.3585 0.73613
170.54
187.01
0.49598
0.16162
0.24116
732.67
-48.21
122.7
70.767 0.014131
44.946
45.268
0.15110
0.22512
0.47187
2890.4
1.3804 0.72445
170.58
187.05
0.49544
0.16195
0.24200
732.68
-47.46
124.7
70.665 0.014151
45.3
45.627
0.15196
0.22484
0.47209
2881.6
1.4023 0.71313
170.62
187.10
0.49490
0.16229
0.24284
732.68
-46.71
126.7
70.564 0.014172
45.65
45.983
0.15280
0.22457
0.47232
2872.7
1.4242 0.70215
170.66
187.14
0.49438
0.16262
0.24367
732.67
-45.96
128.7
70.464 0.014192
45.996
46.335
0.15364
0.22431
0.47254
2864.0
1.4461 0.69150
170.70
187.19
0.49386
0.16296
0.24451
732.66
-45.23
130.7
70.364 0.014212
46.338
46.682
0.15447
0.22406
0.47278
2855.4
1.4681 0.68116
170.73
187.23
0.49335
0.16328
0.24534
732.65
-44.51
132.7
70.266 0.014232
46.676
47.026
0.15528
0.22382
0.47302
2846.8
1.4900 0.67112
170.77
187.27
0.49284
0.16361
0.24617
732.63
-43.79
134.7
70.169 0.014251
47.011
47.367
0.15609
0.22360
0.47326
2838.3
1.5120 0.66137
170.80
187.31
0.49235
0.16393
0.24700
732.60
-43.08
136.7
70.072 0.014271
47.342
47.703
0.15689
0.22338
0.47351
2829.8
1.5340 0.65189
170.84
187.35
0.49186
0.16425
0.24783
732.57
-42.38
138.7
69.977 0.014290
47.669
48.036
0.15767
0.22318
0.47376
2821.4
1.5560 0.64268
170.87
187.39
0.49137
0.16457
0.24865
732.53
-41.69
140.7
69.882 0.014310
47.993
48.366
0.15845
0.22298
0.47402
2813.1
1.5780 0.63371
170.90
187.42
0.49089
0.16489
0.24948
732.49
-41.00
142.7
69.788 0.014329
48.314
48.693
0.15922
0.22279
0.47428
2804.8
1.6000 0.62499
170.93
187.46
0.49042
0.16520
0.25030
732.45
-40.32
144.7
69.695 0.014348
48.631
49.016
0.15997
0.22261
0.47455
2796.6
1.6221 0.61650
170.96
187.50
0.48995
0.16551
0.25113
732.40
-39.65
146.7
69.602 0.014367
48.946
49.336
0.16072
0.22244
0.47483
2788.5
1.6441 0.60823
170.99
187.53
0.48949
0.16582
0.25195
732.35
-38.98
148.7
69.511 0.014386
49.257
49.653
0.16146
0.22227
0.47511
2780.4
1.6662 0.60018
171.02
187.56
0.48904
0.16613
0.25277
732.29
-38.32
150.7
69.420 0.014405
49.565
49.968
0.16220
0.22211
0.47539
2772.3
1.6883 0.59233
171.05
187.59
0.48859
0.16643
0.25359
732.23
-37.67
152.7
69.329 0.014424
49.871
50.279
0.16292
0.22196
0.47569
2764.4
1.7104 0.58468
171.08
187.62
0.48815
0.16673
0.25441
732.16
-37.02
154.7
69.240 0.014443
50.173
50.587
0.16364
0.22182
0.47599
2756.4
1.7325 0.57721
171.11
187.65
0.48771
0.16703
0.25523
732.09
-36.38
156.7
69.151 0.014461
50.473
50.893
0.16435
0.22168
0.47629
2748.5
1.7546 0.56993
171.13
187.68
0.48727
0.16733
0.25605
732.02
-35.75
158.7
69.063 0.014480
50.77
51.196
0.16505
0.22155
0.47660
2740.7
1.7767 0.56283
171.16
187.71
0.48684
0.16763
0.25687
731.94
-35.12
160.7
68.975 0.014498
51.065
51.496
0.16575
0.22142
0.47692
2732.9
1.7989 0.55590
171.18
187.74
0.48642
0.16792
0.25769
731.86
-34.50
162.7
68.888 0.014516
51.356
51.794
0.16643
0.22130
0.47724
2725.2
1.8211 0.54913
171.21
187.76
0.48600
0.16822
0.25851
731.77
-33.88
164.7
68.802 0.014534
51.646
52.089
0.16711
0.22118
0.47757
2717.5
1.8433 0.54252
171.23
187.79
0.48559
0.16851
0.25933
731.68
-33.27
166.7
68.717 0.014553
51.933
52.382
0.16779
0.22107
0.47790
2709.9
1.8655 0.53606
171.26
187.81
0.48517
0.16880
0.26014
731.59
-32.67
168.7
68.631 0.014571
52.217
52.672
0.16846
0.22097
0.47824
2702.3
1.8877 0.52974
171.28
187.84
0.48477
0.16908
0.26096
731.50
-32.07
170.7
68.547 0.014589
52.499
52.960
0.16912
0.22087
0.47859
2694.8
1.9100 0.52357
171.30
187.86
0.48437
0.16937
0.26178
731.40
-31.47
172.7
68.463 0.014606
52.779
53.246
0.16977
0.22077
0.47894
2687.3
1.9322 0.51754
171.32
187.88
0.48397
0.16965
0.26260
731.30
-30.88
174.7
68.380 0.014624
53.056
53.530
0.17042
0.22068
0.47930
2679.8
1.9545 0.51164
171.34
187.91
0.48357
0.16994
0.26341
731.20
-30.29
176.7
68.297 0.014642
53.332
53.811
0.17106
0.22060
0.47966
2672.4
1.9768 0.50586
171.36
187.93
0.48318
0.17022
0.26423
731.09
-29.71
178.7
68.215 0.014660
53.605
54.090
0.17170
0.22051
0.48003
2665.0
1.9991 0.50021
171.38
187.95
0.48280
0.17050
0.26505
730.98
Electronic FileName: 142168304.xls.ms_office
Page 41 of 97
WorkSheet: NIST Saturated CO2
-29.14
Art Montemayor
-28.57
-28.00
-27.44
-26.88
-26.33
-25.78
-25.23
-24.69
-24.16
-23.63
-23.10
-22.57
-22.05
-21.53
-21.02
-20.51
-20.00
-19.50
-19.00
-18.50
-18.01
-17.52
-17.03
-16.55
-16.07
-15.59
-15.12
-14.65
-14.18
-13.71
-13.25
-12.79
-12.34
-11.88
-11.43
-10.98
-10.53
-10.09
-9.65
-9.21
-8.77
-8.34
-7.91
-7.48
-7.05
-6.63
-6.20
-5.78
-5.37
-4.95
-4.54
-4.13
-3.72
-3.31
-2.91
180.7
182.7
184.7
186.7
188.7
190.7
192.7
194.7
196.7
198.7
200.7
202.7
204.7
206.7
208.7
210.7
212.7
214.7
216.7
218.7
220.7
222.7
224.7
226.7
228.7
230.7
232.7
234.7
236.7
238.7
240.7
242.7
244.7
246.7
248.7
250.7
252.7
254.7
256.7
258.7
260.7
262.7
264.7
266.7
268.7
270.7
272.7
274.7
276.7
278.7
280.7
282.7
284.7
286.7
288.7
290.7
68.133
68.052
67.971
67.891
67.811
67.732
67.653
67.575
67.497
67.419
67.342
67.266
67.189
67.113
67.038
66.963
66.888
66.814
66.740
66.666
66.593
66.520
66.448
66.376
66.304
66.232
66.161
66.090
66.019
65.949
65.879
65.809
65.739
65.670
65.601
65.532
65.464
65.396
65.328
65.260
65.193
65.125
65.058
64.992
64.925
64.859
64.793
64.727
64.661
64.596
64.530
64.465
64.400
64.336
64.271
64.207
0.014677
0.014695
0.014712
0.014730
0.014747
0.014764
0.014781
0.014798
0.014816
0.014833
0.014850
0.014866
0.014883
0.014900
0.014917
0.014934
0.014950
0.014967
0.014984
0.015000
0.015017
0.015033
0.015049
0.015066
0.015082
0.015098
0.015115
0.015131
0.015147
0.015163
0.015179
0.015196
0.015212
0.015228
0.015244
0.015260
0.015276
0.015292
0.015307
0.015323
0.015339
0.015355
0.015371
0.015387
0.015402
0.015418
0.015434
0.015450
0.015465
0.015481
0.015497
0.015512
0.015528
0.015543
0.015559
0.015575
53.876
54.145
54.412
54.677
54.939
55.201
55.46
55.717
55.973
56.227
56.479
56.729
56.978
57.225
57.47
57.714
57.957
58.197
58.437
58.675
58.911
59.146
59.38
59.612
59.843
60.073
60.301
60.528
60.754
60.978
61.202
61.424
61.645
61.865
62.084
62.301
62.518
62.733
62.947
63.161
63.373
63.584
63.794
64.004
64.212
64.419
64.626
64.831
65.036
65.239
65.442
65.644
65.845
66.045
66.244
66.442
54.367
54.642
54.915
55.186
55.455
55.722
55.988
56.251
56.513
56.773
57.031
57.287
57.542
57.795
58.047
58.297
58.546
58.793
59.038
59.283
59.525
59.766
60.006
60.245
60.482
60.718
60.953
61.186
61.418
61.649
61.879
62.107
62.335
62.561
62.786
63.010
63.233
63.455
63.676
63.895
64.114
64.332
64.548
64.764
64.979
65.193
65.406
65.617
65.829
66.039
66.248
66.456
66.664
66.871
67.076
67.281
0.17233
0.17295
0.17357
0.17419
0.17480
0.17540
0.17600
0.17659
0.17718
0.17777
0.17835
0.17892
0.17949
0.18006
0.18062
0.18118
0.18173
0.18228
0.18282
0.18337
0.18390
0.18444
0.18497
0.18549
0.18602
0.18653
0.18705
0.18756
0.18807
0.18858
0.18908
0.18958
0.19007
0.19057
0.19106
0.19154
0.19203
0.19251
0.19299
0.19346
0.19394
0.19441
0.19487
0.19534
0.19580
0.19626
0.19672
0.19717
0.19762
0.19807
0.19852
0.19897
0.19941
0.19985
0.20029
0.20073
NIST Thermodynamic
Values
for Saturated
0.22044
0.48040
2657.7
2.0215CO20.49468
0.22036
0.48079
2650.4
2.0439 0.48927
0.22029
0.48117
2643.2
2.0662 0.48397
0.22022
0.48157
2636.0
2.0886 0.47878
0.22016
0.48196
2628.8
2.1111 0.47369
0.22010
0.48237
2621.7
2.1335 0.46871
0.22004
0.48278
2614.6
2.1560 0.46382
0.21999
0.48319
2607.5
2.1785 0.45904
0.21994
0.48361
2600.5
2.2010 0.45434
0.21989
0.48404
2593.5
2.2235 0.44974
0.21985
0.48447
2586.5
2.2461 0.44522
0.21981
0.48491
2579.6
2.2687 0.44079
0.21977
0.48535
2572.7
2.2913 0.43644
0.21973
0.48580
2565.9
2.3139 0.43217
0.21969
0.48626
2559.0
2.3365 0.42798
0.21966
0.48671
2552.3
2.3592 0.42387
0.21963
0.48718
2545.5
2.3819 0.41983
0.21961
0.48765
2538.8
2.4046 0.41586
0.21958
0.48812
2532.1
2.4274 0.41197
0.21956
0.48860
2525.4
2.4502 0.40814
0.21954
0.48909
2518.8
2.4730 0.40437
0.21952
0.48958
2512.2
2.4958 0.40068
0.21950
0.49008
2505.6
2.5186 0.39704
0.21948
0.49058
2499.1
2.5415 0.39347
0.21947
0.49108
2492.5
2.5644 0.38996
0.21946
0.49159
2486.1
2.5873 0.38650
0.21945
0.49211
2479.6
2.6103 0.38310
0.21944
0.49263
2473.2
2.6332 0.37976
0.21943
0.49316
2466.7
2.6562 0.37647
0.21943
0.49369
2460.4
2.6793 0.37323
0.21943
0.49422
2454.0
2.7023 0.37005
0.21942
0.49476
2447.7
2.7254 0.36692
0.21942
0.49531
2441.4
2.7485 0.36383
0.21942
0.49586
2435.1
2.7717 0.36079
0.21943
0.49641
2428.8
2.7948 0.35780
0.21943
0.49697
2422.6
2.8180 0.35486
0.21943
0.49754
2416.4
2.8413 0.35196
0.21944
0.49810
2410.2
2.8645 0.34910
0.21945
0.49868
2404.1
2.8878 0.34628
0.21946
0.49926
2397.9
2.9111 0.34351
0.21946
0.49984
2391.8
2.9345 0.34078
0.21948
0.50043
2385.7
2.9578 0.33809
0.21949
0.50102
2379.7
2.9812 0.33543
0.21950
0.50162
2373.6
3.0047 0.33282
0.21951
0.50222
2367.6
3.0281 0.33024
0.21953
0.50282
2361.6
3.0516 0.32769
0.21954
0.50343
2355.6
3.0751 0.32519
0.21956
0.50405
2349.7
3.0987 0.32272
0.21958
0.50467
2343.8
3.1223 0.32028
0.21960
0.50529
2337.8
3.1459 0.31787
0.21962
0.50592
2332.0
3.1695 0.31550
0.21964
0.50655
2326.1
3.1932 0.31316
0.21966
0.50719
2320.2
3.2169 0.31085
0.21968
0.50783
2314.4
3.2407 0.30858
0.21970
0.50848
2308.6
3.2645 0.30633
0.21973
0.50913
2302.8
3.2883 0.30411
Page 42 of 97
171.40
171.42
171.44
171.46
171.47
171.49
171.51
171.52
171.54
171.55
171.57
171.58
171.59
171.61
171.62
171.63
171.64
171.65
171.66
171.68
171.69
171.70
171.70
171.71
171.72
171.73
171.74
171.75
171.75
171.76
171.77
171.77
171.78
171.78
171.79
171.79
171.80
171.80
171.81
171.81
171.81
171.82
171.82
171.82
171.82
171.82
171.83
171.83
171.83
171.83
171.83
171.83
171.83
171.83
171.83
171.82
187.97
187.98
188.00
188.02
188.04
188.05
188.07
188.08
188.10
188.11
188.12
188.14
188.15
188.16
188.17
188.18
188.19
188.20
188.21
188.22
188.22
188.23
188.24
188.24
188.25
188.25
188.26
188.26
188.27
188.27
188.27
188.27
188.28
188.28
188.28
188.28
188.28
188.28
188.28
188.28
188.28
188.27
188.27
188.27
188.27
188.26
188.26
188.25
188.25
188.24
188.24
188.23
188.23
188.22
188.21
188.21
0.48241
0.48203
0.48166
0.48128
0.48092
0.48055
0.48019
0.47983
0.47947
0.47912
0.47877
0.47842
0.47808
0.47773
0.47739
0.47706
0.47672
0.47639
0.47606
0.47574
0.47541
0.47509
0.47477
0.47445
0.47414
0.47383
0.47351
0.47321
0.47290
0.47259
0.47229
0.47199
0.47169
0.47140
0.47110
0.47081
0.47052
0.47023
0.46994
0.46965
0.46937
0.46908
0.46880
0.46852
0.46824
0.46797
0.46769
0.46742
0.46714
0.46687
0.46660
0.46634
0.46607
0.46580
0.46554
0.46528
05, 1999
0.17078
0.26587 November
730.87
Rev:730.75
1(11/09/99)
0.17105
0.26669
0.17133
0.26751
730.63
0.17160
0.26833
730.51
0.17188
0.26915
730.39
0.17215
0.26997
730.26
0.17242
0.27079
730.14
0.17268
0.27161
730.00
0.17295
0.27243
729.87
0.17322
0.27326
729.74
0.17348
0.27408
729.60
0.17375
0.27491
729.46
0.17401
0.27573
729.32
0.17427
0.27656
729.17
0.17453
0.27739
729.03
0.17479
0.27822
728.88
0.17504
0.27905
728.73
0.17530
0.27988
728.58
0.17556
0.28072
728.42
0.17581
0.28155
728.27
0.17606
0.28239
728.11
0.17632
0.28322
727.95
0.17657
0.28406
727.79
0.17682
0.28490
727.63
0.17707
0.28574
727.46
0.17732
0.28658
727.29
0.17756
0.28743
727.13
0.17781
0.28827
726.96
0.17806
0.28912
726.78
0.17830
0.28997
726.61
0.17854
0.29082
726.44
0.17879
0.29168
726.26
0.17903
0.29253
726.08
0.17927
0.29339
725.90
0.17951
0.29424
725.72
0.17975
0.29511
725.54
0.17999
0.29597
725.36
0.18023
0.29683
725.17
0.18047
0.29770
724.99
0.18070
0.29857
724.80
0.18094
0.29944
724.61
0.18117
0.30031
724.42
0.18141
0.30119
724.23
0.18164
0.30206
724.04
0.18188
0.30294
723.84
0.18211
0.30383
723.65
0.18234
0.30471
723.45
0.18257
0.30560
723.26
0.18280
0.30649
723.06
0.18303
0.30738
722.86
0.18326
0.30827
722.66
0.18349
0.30917
722.46
0.18372
0.31007
722.25
0.18395
0.31097
722.05
0.18417
0.31188
721.84
0.18440
0.31279
721.64
Electronic FileName: 142168304.xls.ms_office
WorkSheet: NIST Saturated CO2
-2.50
Art Montemayor
-2.10
-1.70
-1.31
-0.91
-0.52
-0.13
0.26
0.65
1.04
1.42
1.80
2.18
2.56
2.94
3.31
3.68
4.06
4.43
4.79
5.16
5.53
5.89
6.25
6.61
6.97
7.33
7.68
8.04
8.39
292.7
294.7
296.7
298.7
300.7
302.7
304.7
306.7
308.7
310.7
312.7
314.7
316.7
318.7
320.7
322.7
324.7
326.7
328.7
330.7
332.7
334.7
336.7
338.7
340.7
342.7
344.7
346.7
348.7
350.7
64.143
64.079
64.015
63.952
63.888
63.825
63.762
63.699
63.636
63.574
63.511
63.449
63.387
63.325
63.263
63.201
63.139
63.078
63.017
62.956
62.894
62.834
62.773
62.712
62.652
62.591
62.531
62.471
62.411
62.351
0.015590
0.015606
0.015621
0.015637
0.015652
0.015668
0.015683
0.015699
0.015714
0.015730
0.015745
0.015761
0.015776
0.015792
0.015807
0.015823
0.015838
0.015853
0.015869
0.015884
0.015900
0.015915
0.015930
0.015946
0.015961
0.015977
0.015992
0.016008
0.016023
0.016038
66.64
66.837
67.033
67.228
67.423
67.616
67.809
68.001
68.193
68.384
68.574
68.763
68.951
69.139
69.327
69.513
69.699
69.884
70.069
70.253
70.436
70.619
70.801
70.982
71.163
71.343
71.523
71.702
71.881
72.059
67.486
67.689
67.892
68.094
68.295
68.495
68.695
68.894
69.092
69.289
69.486
69.682
69.877
70.072
70.266
70.459
70.652
70.844
71.035
71.226
71.416
71.606
71.795
71.983
72.171
72.358
72.545
72.731
72.916
73.101
0.20116
0.20159
0.20202
0.20245
0.20287
0.20330
0.20372
0.20414
0.20456
0.20497
0.20539
0.20580
0.20621
0.20662
0.20702
0.20743
0.20783
0.20823
0.20863
0.20903
0.20943
0.20982
0.21021
0.21061
0.21099
0.21138
0.21177
0.21216
0.21254
0.21292
NIST Thermodynamic
Values
for Saturated
0.21975
0.50979
2297.0
3.3121CO20.30192
0.21978
0.51045
2291.3
3.3360 0.29976
0.21980
0.51111
2285.5
3.3599 0.29763
0.21983
0.51178
2279.8
3.3838 0.29552
0.21986
0.51245
2274.1
3.4078 0.29344
0.21989
0.51313
2268.5
3.4318 0.29139
0.21992
0.51381
2262.8
3.4559 0.28936
0.21995
0.51450
2257.2
3.4799 0.28736
0.21998
0.51519
2251.5
3.5040 0.28538
0.22001
0.51588
2245.9
3.5282 0.28343
0.22004
0.51658
2240.3
3.5524 0.28150
0.22007
0.51728
2234.8
3.5766 0.27960
0.22010
0.51799
2229.2
3.6008 0.27771
0.22014
0.51870
2223.7
3.6251 0.27585
0.22017
0.51942
2218.2
3.6495 0.27401
0.22021
0.52014
2212.7
3.6738 0.27220
0.22024
0.52087
2207.2
3.6982 0.27040
0.22028
0.52160
2201.7
3.7226 0.26863
0.22031
0.52233
2196.3
3.7471 0.26687
0.22035
0.52307
2190.8
3.7716 0.26514
0.22039
0.52381
2185.4
3.7962 0.26342
0.22042
0.52456
2180.0
3.8207 0.26173
0.22046
0.52531
2174.6
3.8454 0.26005
0.22050
0.52606
2169.2
3.8700 0.25840
0.22054
0.52682
2163.9
3.8947 0.25676
0.22058
0.52759
2158.5
3.9194 0.25514
0.22062
0.52836
2153.2
3.9442 0.25354
0.22066
0.52913
2147.9
3.9690 0.25195
0.22070
0.52991
2142.6
3.9939 0.25038
0.22074
0.53069
2137.3
4.0188 0.24883
Page 43 of 97
171.82
171.82
171.82
171.82
171.82
171.81
171.81
171.81
171.80
171.80
171.80
171.79
171.79
171.78
171.78
171.77
171.77
171.76
171.75
171.75
171.74
171.74
171.73
171.72
171.71
171.71
171.70
171.69
171.68
171.67
188.20
188.19
188.18
188.18
188.17
188.16
188.15
188.14
188.13
188.12
188.11
188.10
188.08
188.07
188.06
188.05
188.04
188.02
188.01
188.00
187.98
187.97
187.95
187.94
187.92
187.91
187.89
187.88
187.86
187.85
0.46501
0.46475
0.46449
0.46424
0.46398
0.46372
0.46347
0.46321
0.46296
0.46271
0.46246
0.46221
0.46196
0.46172
0.46147
0.46122
0.46098
0.46074
0.46050
0.46025
0.46001
0.45977
0.45954
0.45930
0.45906
0.45883
0.45859
0.45836
0.45812
0.45789
0.18462
0.18485
0.18507
0.18530
0.18552
0.18574
0.18597
0.18619
0.18641
0.18663
0.18685
0.18707
0.18729
0.18751
0.18773
0.18795
0.18817
0.18838
0.18860
0.18882
0.18903
0.18925
0.18946
0.18968
0.18989
0.19011
0.19032
0.19053
0.19075
0.19096
05, 1999
0.31370 November
721.43
Rev:721.22
1(11/09/99)
0.31461
0.31553
721.01
0.31645
720.80
0.31737
720.59
0.31830
720.38
0.31923
720.17
0.32016
719.96
0.32109
719.74
0.32203
719.53
0.32297
719.31
0.32392
719.09
0.32487
718.87
0.32582
718.65
0.32677
718.43
0.32773
718.21
0.32869
717.99
0.32966
717.77
0.33063
717.55
0.33160
717.32
0.33257
717.10
0.33355
716.87
0.33454
716.65
0.33553
716.42
0.33652
716.19
0.33751
715.96
0.33851
715.73
0.33951
715.51
0.34052
715.27
0.34153
715.04
Quantity
1 pound
1 kilogram
1 scf gas
dissociated
1 nm3 gas
dissociated
1 scf gas
undissociated
1 nm3 gas
undissociated
1 gal liquid
1 liter liquid
Weight
Gas (Dissociated)
Gas (Undissociated)
pounds
kilograms cubic feet cu meters cubic feet cu meters
lbs
kg
scf
scf
nm3
nm3
0.4536
36.1423
0.94982
12.04744
0.3166
1.0
2.205
79.6788
2.09396
26.55961
0.698
1.0
Liquid
gallons
gal
0.151315
0.3336
0.0277
0.01255
1.0
0.02628
0.3333
0.00876
0.004187
1.0528
0.4776
38.04
1.0
12.68
0.3333
0.1593
0.083
0.0377
0.07884
1.0
0.02628
0.01256
3.1585
6.609
1.746
1.4327
2.9977
0.792
114.16
238.855
63.1056
3
6.277106
1.658416
38.04
79.61828
21.03521
1.0
2.09
0.55
0.47927
1.0
0.2642
Quantity
1 pound
1 kilogram
1 scf gas
dissociated
1 nm3 gas
dissociated
1 scf gas
undissociated
1 nm3 gas
undissociated
1 gal liquid
1 liter liquid
Weight
Gas (Dissociated)
Gas (Undissociated)
pounds
kilograms cubic feet cu meters cubic feet cu meters
lbs
kg
scf
scf
nm3
nm3
0.4536
45.3318
1.19132
22.6659
0.5957
1.0
2.205
99.9378
2.62636
49.9689
1.3132
1.0
Liquid
gallons
gal
0.1467
0.3234
0.0221
0.01
1.0
0.02628
0.5
0.0131
0.0032
0.8394
0.3808
38.04
1.0
19.03
0.5
0.1231
0.0441
0.02
38.04
1.0
0.02628
0.0065
1.679
6.817
1.8011
0.7615
3.0923
0.817
76.1
309.042
81.6491
2
8.12162
2.14574
38.04
154.521
40.8246
1.0
4.06
1.07
0.24626
1.0
0.2642
Liquid
liters
l
0.5727
1.2626
0.0158
0.603
0.048
1.809
3.785
1.0
Liquid
liters
l
0.5552
1.224
0.0122
0.466
0.024
0.9321
3.785
1.0
Art Montemayor
MEDICAL GAS CYLINDER SPECIFICATIONS
Model
DOT Spec
Medical B
D
E
M
3AA 2015
3AA 2015
3AA 2015
3AA 2015
Dimensions
inches
3.31 x 13.125
4.18 x 16.75
4.18 x 25.75
7 x 43
cm
8.4 x 33.3
10.6 x 42.5
10.6 x 65.4
178 x 109.2
Nominal Weight
Service Pressure
Water Capacity
(volume)
lbs
4.18
7.5
10.5
61.3
psi
2,015
2,015
2,015
2,015
cu in
88
180
295
1,345
kg
1.89
3.39
4.76
27.8
bars
138.9
138.9
138.9
138.9
liters
1.44
2.95
4.84
22.04
Note: All medical gas capacities assume oxygen with 10% overfill.
Dimensions
DOT Spec
inches
cm
3E 1800
1.94 x 11.88 4.928 x 30.175
3AA 1800 3.56 x 14.62 9.042 x 37.135
3AA 1800 5.73 x 14.00 13.385 x 35.6
3AA 1800
7.0 x 18.0
17.78 x 45.72
3AA 1800
7.0 x 22.88 17.78 x 58.115
3AA 1800 7.75 x 23.25 19.685 x 59.0
3AA 1800 8.625 x 45.38 21.908 x 115.2
Nominal Weight
lbs
kg
2.3
1.04
5.25
2.38
10.1
4.58
23
10.43
30
13.61
31.2
14.95
84.9
38.5
Service Pressure
psi
bars
1,800
124.1
1,800
124.1
1,800
124.1
1,800
124.1
1,800
124.1
1,800
124.1
1,800
124.1
Water Capacity
(volume)
cu in
liters
25.5
0.418
108
1.77
221
3.62
495
8.11
644
10.55
840
13.77
2,160
35.4
All CO2, stored and distributed using these type of high pressure steel cylinders, exists as a saturated liquid at the
storage pressure that corresponds to the contents' temperature. For CO 2 at an ambient temperature of 80 oF, the
corresponding cylinder pressure is 955 psig. These cylinders are filled with LCO 2 at high pressure.
These cylinders, with the exception of those used as fire extinguishers, have valves that release saturated CO 2 gas
from the top, vapor portion of the cylinder while the cylinder is held upright. If the cylinder is inverted, the valves will
dispel saturated LCO2 to the atmosphere, which flashes into a mixed-product stream of cold CO 2 gas and dry ice "snow".
The product mixture resulting from this "flash" of LCO 2 is initially at a temperature of -109 oF and can cause severe
burns to human skin.
This effect, attained by adiabatically expanding the LCO 2, is used to good advantage in CO2 Fire Extinguishers. The
fire extinguisher is manufactured in the same manner and under the same mechanical design parameters as the
conventional storage and distribution CO2 cylinder. The only exception is that the CO2 Fire Extinguisher has a valve
that incorporates a copper or brass syphon tube that preferentially dispels (and expands) LCO2 and not CO2 gas.
That is why a CO2 Fire Extinguisher should be held upright when applying it to a fire.
All CO2 cylinders contain saturated Liquid CO2 when at a temperature below its Critical Temperature (87.908 oF).
When the cylinders are at a temperature above the Critical, the CO 2 exists in the Supercritical Phase - where the fluid
is neither a gas or a liquid.
When the cylinders contain a liquefied gas, the cylinder must have a vapor space allowed over the saturated liquid in
order to allow for liquid expansion upon high ambient temperatures, without generating excessive hydraulic pressures.
The observable filling densities of the various cylinder sizes are calculated below:
Model
DOT Spec
10 oz
21/2 lbs
3E 1800
3AA 1800
Water
Capacity
cu in
25.5
108
Liq. CO2
Fill
Capacity
@ Density
@ 70 oF
70 oF, lb
0.70
89.13%
2.97
84.18%
Page 47 of 97
0.57
Fill
Density
@ 85 oF
110.28%
2.40
104.15%
FileName: 142168304.xls.ms_office
WorkSheet: CO2 Cylinder Specs
CGA#
300
510
520
200
590
346
347
240
580
680
510
320
350
Outlet Connections
PSIG
3,000
500
500
500
3,000
3,000
5,500
500
3,000
5,500
500
3,000
3,000
Corrosive
Ethane
Fuel Gas
Fuel Gases (to 5,500 psi)
Helium
Helium (to 5,500 psig)
Hydrogen
Hydrogen (to 5,500 psig)
Medical Mixtures
Methane
Methane (to 5,500 psig)
Nitrogen
Nitrogen (to 5,500 psig)
660
350
350
695
580
680
350
695
500
350
695
580
680
3,000
3,000
3,000
5,500
3,000
5,500
3,000
5,500
3,000
3,000
5,500
3,000
5,500
Nitrous Oxide
Oxygen
Oxygen (to 4,000 psig)
Oxygen (to 5,500 psig)
Ozone
Propane
Propane + Butane
Sulfur Hexafluoride
326
540
577
701
755
510
555
590
3,000
3,000
4,000
5,500
3,000
500
3,000
3,000
Art Montemayor
Empty Weight*
(lbs)
11,500
12,500
18,600
23,500
30,000
34,500
40,000
Dim. A
Dim. B
Dim. C
19'
24'
30'
37'
44'
50'
60'
18'
19'
29'
36'
39'-11"
50'
55'-11"
6"
10" - 6"
6"
6"
8"
8"
12"
Capacity (tons)
14
30
50
Empty Weight*
(lbs)
15,500
30,000
40,000
Height
Dia.
19' - 9"
35' - 9"
39' - 5"
7' - 4"
7' - 4"
8' - 8"
Pad
Dimensions
9' x 9'
10' x 10'
13' x 13'
Liquid Carbon Dioxide (LCO2) is conventionally stored and distributed to consumers under saturated
conditions. Normal Design conditions are 250 psig and -8.34 oF.
However, the usual and customary conditons under which LCO2 is initially charged to storage vessels is
200 psig and -20 oF --- which are the process conditions under which LCO2 is liquefied in a production plant.
The reason for producing -20 oF saturated LCO2 is that an Ammonia mechanical refrigeration cycle is
normally employed to liquefy the CO2 and the Ammonia evaporator temperature that best suits this application
Page 49 of 97
FileName: 142168304.xls.ms_office
WorkSheet: LCO2 Storage Vessels
Art Montemayor
Liquid CO2 Storage Tanks
is approximately -25 oF and this results in a -20 oF LCO2 product.
LCO2 main storage and consumer tanks are kept refrigerated (usually at 250 psig & -8.34 oF) by integrated
mechanical refrigeration units that employ either Ammonia or Freon refrigerants. The refrigeration system cycles
on-and-off, as required to keep the LCO2 pressure within the design criteria of the tank.
Art Montemayor
Page 50 of 97
FileName: 142168304.xls.ms_office
WorkSheet: LCO2 Storage Vessels
Tube
Length
Tube
O.D.
Oxygen
scf
Nitrogen
scf
Argon
scf
Hydrogen
scf
Helium
scf
21'
21'
21'
21'
34'
34' -4"
40'
40'
9 - 5/8"
9 - 5/8"
9 - 5/8"
9 - 5/8"
9 - 5/8"
22"
22"
22"
43,322
48,066
53,516
69,604
127,881
127,881
108,510
139,372
45,623
50,619
56,359
73,302
134,675
134,761
114,275
146,776
45,330
50,294
55,996
72,830
133,808
133,894
112,539
145,832
43,038
47,751
31,655
69,147
127,043
127,124
---
43,670
48,453
53,947
70,164
128,910
128,993
109,383
140,494
Filled Wt Filled Wt
O2 (lbs)
N2 (lbs)
Filled Wt
Ar (lbs)
Net Cap
gallons
Size gallons
1500 MVE
(SS)
3000 MVE
(SS)
6000 MVE
(NP)
9000 VCS
(NP)
11,000 MVE
(NP)
Dia
inches
Height
inches
Tare Wt
lbs
66
180
7,400
22,081
17,797
25,332
1,541
96
194
16,600
45,181
36,841
51,490
3,000
96
330
28,800
85,962
69,282
98,580
6,000
114
372
46,700
132,443
107,423
151,370
9,000
114
433
57,681
162,478
131,876
185,611
11,000
Note 1: For oxygen vessel pads an apron of 12' x 12' must be added.
Note 2: This table is not for construction use.
Note 3: For 3,000 -11,000 gallon vessel standard vaporization is 5,000 scfh.
For 1,500-gallon vessel standard vaporization is 2,000 scfh.
Note 4: Taylor Wharton numbers are slightly different.
Note 5: For total volume in scf mulitiply gallons times 93.11 for N2, 115.1 for O2, and 112.5 for Ar.
2,
Breathing Air
scf
63,614
51,438
57,270
74,486
136,852
-116,122
149,149
MAWP psi
Pad Size
Top Rebar
Bottom
Rebar
250/400/600
#4 @ 12"
#6 @ 12"
250/400/600
#4 @ 12"
#7 @ 10"
250/400/600
#4 @ 12"
#7 @ 8"
250/400/600
#4 @ 12"
#8 @ 8"
250/400/600
#4 @ 10"
#8 @ 11"
Art Montemayor
20 Scf
40 Scf
55 Scf
80 Scf
110 Scf
125 Scf
150 Scf
220 Scf
250 Scf
300 Scf
400 Scf
3600 psi
6000 psi
DOT Spec
3AA 2015
3AA 2015
3AA 2015
3AA 2015
3AA 2015
3AA 2265
3AA 2015
3AA 2015
3AA 2265
3AA 2400
3AA 2400
3AA 3600
3AA 6000
Dimensions
inches
5.27 x 14
7 x 18
7 x 22.88
7 x 32.38
7 x 43
7 x 43
7 x 46.25
8.99 x 51
9.04 x 51
9.27 x 55
10.51 x 56
9.31 x 51
9.28 x 51
cm
13.4 x 35.6
17.8 x 45.7
17.8 x 58.1
17.8 x 82.2
17.8 x 109.2
17.8 x 109.2
17.8 x 117.5
22.8 x 129.5
23 x 129.5
23.5 x 139.7
26.7 x 142.2
23.6 x 129.5
23.5 x 129.5
Nominal Weight
Service Pressure
lbs
10.1
23
30
42
55
55
59
114
115
135
190
180
267
psi
2,015
2,015
2,015
2,015
2,015
2,265
2,015
2,015
2,265
2,400
2,400
3,600
6,000
kg
4.58
10.43
13.61
19.05
24.94
24.94
26.76
51.7
52.2
61.2
86.2
81.6
121.1
bars
138.9
138.9
138.9
138.9
138.9
156.2
138.9
138.9
156.2
165.5
165.5
248.2
413.7
Water Capacity
(volume)
cu in
221
495
644
985
1,345
1,345
1,660
2,640
2,640
2,980
3,960
2,640
2,285
liters
3.6
8.1
10.6
16.1
22
22
27.2
43.3
43.3
48.4
64.9
43.3
37.4
Model
AL-150
AL-88
AL-33
DOT Spec
3AL2015
3AL2216
3AL2216
Dimensions
Nominal Weight
Service Pressure
Water Capacity
(volume)
inches
cm
lbs
kg
psi
bars
cu in
liters
8 x 48
7 x 33
7 x 16
20 x 122
18 x 84
18 x 41
50
32
16
23
15
7.3
65
35
13
30
16
5.9
1.04
0.56
0.21
30
16
5.9
Page 53 of 97
FileName: 142168304.xls.ms_office
WorkSheet: HP Cylinders
Saturation
Pressure
psig
0
5
10
25
50
75
100
150
200
250
Oxygen
Liquid
Density
lbs/ft3
71.17
70.42
69.80
67.86
65.55
63.76
62.43
59.80
57.62
55.60
Gas
Density
scf/gal
115.10
113.72
112.73
109.59
105.86
102.97
100.82
96.57
93.05
89.79
Nitrogen
Liquid
Density
lbs/ft3
50.44
49.62
49.00
47.50
45.69
44.19
42.88
40.70
38.76
36.83
Gas
Density
scf/gal
93.11
91.55
90.40
87.63
84.18
81.53
79.12
75.08
71.51
67.95
Argon
Liquid
Density
lbs/ft3
87.51
85.77
84.77
82.46
79.90
77.90
76.15
73.16
70.28
67.79
Gas Density
scf/gal
112.50
110.89
109.60
106.61
103.31
100.71
98.45
94.59
90.87
87.65
340
1,000.0
5.0
This method is used when conditions do not permit a sweeping action of nitrogen through the vessel. The
vessel is repeatedly pressurized and mixed with nitrogen gas and then the mixture is exhausted. The total
volume of nitrogen depends on the number of pressurizing purges required to reduce the contaminant to an
acceptable level and can be determined by using this formula:
V = 1.2nVoP/Pa
Where:
V
Vo
P
Pa
n
Co
C = Final content of gas to be removed
3. Dilution Purging
This method is used for equipment cross sections such as distillation columns, kilns, reactors, etc.
Nitrogen partially mixes with the gas to be purged out, and then the mixture exits through an outlet located
as far as possible from the inlet. The nitrogen required to reduce a contaminate to a desired level can be
found using the graph below and the total volume of nitrogen needed can be computed from the following
formula:
Where:
V = nVo
V = Total nitrogen volume required (scf)
Vo = Water volume of equipment (cf)
n = Number of nitrogen volumes required
Purging Technique:
1 Displacement
2 Dilution Pf = Pi = 14.7
3 Dilution Pi = 14.7; Pf = 29.4
4 Pressure Purge Pi = 19.7; Pf = 24.7
5 Pressure Purge Pi = 19.7; Pf = 34.7
Where:
Pf = pressure final
Pi = pressure initial
Product
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Acetylene
Alkyl chloride
Ammonia
Benzene
1-3 Butadiene
Butane
1-Butene
2-Butene
n- Butyl formate
Carbon disulfide
Carbon monoxide
Cyclopropane
1-1 Dischloroethylene
Dimethyl 2-2 butane
Ethane
Ethanol
Ethyl bromide
Ethyl chloride
Ethylene
Ethylene oxide
Ethyl ether
Ethyl formate
Gasoline (octane 60)
Gasoline (octane 92)
Gasoline (octane 100)
Heptane
Hexane
Hydrogen
Isobutane
Isopropyl Ether
Methane
Methanol
Methyl acetate
Methylamine
Methyl butene
Methyl chloride
Methyl formate
Pentane
Propane
Propylene
Vinyl chloride
Boiling
Point F
(1)
Flash
Point F
(2)
AutoIgnition F
(3)
70
133
-119
113
-28
176
24
32
20
34
225
115
-310
-27.4
99
121
-127
173
101
54
-152
56.4
94
130
-45
734
-36
209
156.2
-422
11
154.4
-263
151
135
19.4
87.4
-11
89.6
97
-44
-54.4
0
36
0
--25
-12
----64
-22
---5
-54
--55
--58
-<0
-49
-4
536
1.5
853
25
-7
---18
-52
14
-< 20
--2
< -40
----
365
1,000
571
737
1,204
1,044
804
761
723
615
612
212
1,128
928
856
797
959
793
952
966
842
804
356
851
1
8
1
433
453
1,085
864
830
999
867
935
806
-1,170
853
588
871
770
882
Flammability Limit
in Air Volume % (4)
Lean
4.1
2.6
2.5
3.3
16
1.4*
2
1.9
1.6
1.8
1.7
1.3
12.5
2.4
5.6
1.2
3
4.3
6.7
3.8
3.1
3
1.9
2.7
7.6
11.6
7.4
1.2
1.2
4
1.8
1.4
5.3
7.3
3.1
4.9
-10.7
5.9
1.5
2.2
2.4
4
Rich
55
12.8
81
11.1
25
7.1
11.5
8.5
9.3
9.7
8
44
74
10.4
11.4
7
12.5
19
11.3
15.4
32
100
48
13.5
11.6
-11.6
6
7.5
75
8.4
21
14
35
16
20.7
-17.4
20
7.8
10
10.3
22
Max.
Oxygen
Content
Vol. % (5)
12
11.6
-12.6
15
11.2
10.4
12.1
11.4
11.7
12.4
5.4
5.6
11.7
10
12.1
11
10.6
14
13
10
--10.4
---11.6
11.9
5
12
10
12.1
9.7
10.9
10.7
11.4
15
10.1
12.1
11.4
11.5
9
oxidize in air.
ch the mixture
0 psig is withdrawn
psig, the vapor
Manufacturer
Model
ABB
ABB
ABB
ABB
ABB
ABB
General Electric
General Electric
General Electric
General Electric
General Electric
General Electric
General Electric
General Electric
General Electric
General Electric
General Electric
Pratt & Whitney
Pratt & Whitney
Siemens
Siemens
Siemens
Solar Mars
Westinghouse
Westinghouse
Westinghouse
Westinghouse
GT 35
GT 10
GT 8C
GT11N
GT 13D
GT 11N2
LM1600PA
LM2500
PG5371PA
LM2500+
LM5000
LM6000
PG6541B
PG6101FA
PG7111EA
PG7161EC
PG9171E
FT 8
FT 8 Twin
V64.3A
V84.2
V84.3A
100S
251B12
Trent
501D5A
501F
Simple Cycle
Combined Cycle
kw
Output
kw
Output
16,900
24,630
52,800
83,800
97,700
109,300
13,425
22,800
26,300
27,040
34,450
36,970
38,340
70,150
83,500
116,000
123,400
25,420
51,100
70,000
106,180
170,000
10,695
47,680
48,690
119,200
162,410
180.3
245.6
523.8
869
1032.1
1090.5
128.3
211.4
315.3
252.3
316.3
325.2
417.1
700.1
875.1
1147.2
1246.3
227.5
455
648.9
1074.5
1526.6
112.4
508.7
417.3
1181.3
1568.9
22,800
35,500
77,700
125,400
147,100
163.8
18,700
30,900
38,700
38,480
44,600
53,000
59,200
108,400
128,700
177,800
188,400
32,280
65,310
101,000
151,000
254,000
28,700
69,800
61,788
168,070
236,200
179.7
239.8
515.9
855.9
1,017.9
1,072.9
128.5
211.7
315.3
255.4
316.4
350.9
415.6
698.1
875.2
1,148.6
1,245.3
226.3
452.6
629.2
1,000.4
1,750.1
222.4
504.7
418.8
1,180.5
1,517.6
Base Steam,
KPPH
240#
Satt
60.5
108.0
234.6
397.2
466.6
490.0
53.1
92.2
143.4
100.7
259.9
132.9
193.2
330.7
399.8
517.2
707.8
85.0
190.0
296.8
512.3
602.9
48.9
233.0
145.0
530.0
750.0
Notes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
This information is for preliminary estimating only. Accurate estimations require a detailed set of site conditions.
Simple cycle output is at ISO conditions with no HRSG and with DLN burner technology where available.
Combined cycle kw output is using most favorable steram generation conditions for equipment. ISO conditions and inlet and
Some machines can use water or steam injection for NOx control or power augmentation. Such injection may
substantially alter the kw output.
5. Base steam is at GTG base rate, open cycle, open cycle, with no supplemental firing for two points only for illustration.
Most any combination of pressure and temperature is available.
Remarks:
1. 50 Hz configuration is available with no appreciable change in KW output.
2. This turbine can be steam or water injected for additional power output and/or NOx control.
3. 50 Hertz only.
4. This turbine burns heavy fuel oil only.
Base Steam,
KPPH
Remarks
600#
600F
42.0
98.0
200.0
335.9
390.0
430.0
44.3
79.0
119.6
84.6 1
238.0
109.5
168.8
293.9
343.8
450.0
621.7
67.0
134.0
260.0
442.9
589.1
40.8
200.0
110.0
450.0
660.0
1, 2
1, 2
1, 2
2
3, 4
1, 2
1, 2
1, 2
1
1, 2
1, 2
1, 2
2, 3
1
1
1
1, 2
2
2
1
2
2
site conditions.
ailable.
SO conditions and inlet and outlet
njection may
16.02
19.22
22.43
25.63
28.84
32.04
35.24
38.45
41.65
44.87
48.06
51.26
54.47
57.67
60.88
64.08
70.49
76.9
83.3
89.71
96.12
102.5
108.9
115.3
121.8
128.2
141
153.8
0.044
0.062
0.083
0.107
0.134
0.164
0.191
0.232
0.27
0.313
0.119
0.134
0.151
0.168
0.187
0.206
0.248
0.293
0.342
0.395
0.451
0.513
0.576
0.642
0.715
0.788
0.948
1.13
0.021
0.028
0.036
0.045
0.055
0.666
0.078
0.09
0.104
11.9
17
23.1
30
3.39
4.87
6.6
8.54
10.8
13.3
16
19
22.3
25.8
29.6
33.6
37.9
0.825
1.17
1.58
2.05
2.59
3.18
3.83
4.65
5.32
6.17
7.05
8.02
9.01
10.2
11.3
12.5
15.1
18
21.1
24.3
27.9
31.8
35.9
40.2
0.38
0.537
0.727
0.937
1.19
1.45
1.75
2.07
2.42
2.8
3.2
3.64
4.09
4.59
5.09
5.61
6.79
8.04
9.43
10.9
12.6
14.2
16
18
20
22.1
26.7
31.8
0.107
0.151
0.205
0.264
0.331
0.404
0.484
0.573
0.673
0.776
0.887
1
1.13
1.26
1.4
1.55
1.87
2.21
2.6
3
3.44
3.9
4.4
4.91
5.47
6.06
7.29
8.63
1,300
1,400
1,500
1,600
1,800
2,000
166.6
179.4
192.2
205.1
203.7
256.3
1.32
1.52
1.74
1.97
2.5
3.06
37.3
10.1
11.8
13.5
15.3
19.3
23.9
39.63-3,500
3501-15,000
15,001-75,000
5(1,3)
5(1,3)
Building Structure
(a)
Wall(s) adjacent to
system constructed of
noncombustible or
Sprinklered
building/stru
cture or
unsprinklere
d
building/stru
cture having
noncombusti
-1 ble contents. 5(1,3)
Unsprinklere
d
building/stru
cture with
combustible
contents.
Adjacent
wall(s) with
fireresistance
rating less
than 3
-2 hours(2)
Adjacent
wall(s) with
fireresistance
rating of 3
hours or
(2)
greater
Wall(s) adjacent
to
system constructed of
(b)
combustible materials
Sprinklered
building/stru
-1 cture
Unsprinklere
d
building/stru
-2 cture
2 Wall openings
25
50
75
50
50
50
50
75
100
(a)
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Openable
Unopenab
(b)
le
Air compressor intakes, inlets for airconditioning or ventilating
All classes of flammable and
combustible liquids (above ground
and vent or fill openings if below
ground) (See NFPA 50B, 5-1.3)
Between stationary liquefied
hydrogen containers
Flammable gas storage (other than
Liquid oxygen storage and other
oxidizers (See NFPA 50B, 5-1.3)
Combustible solids
Open flames and welding
Places of public assembly
Public ways, railroads and property
5(3)
Protective structures
75
75
75
25
50
50
75
75
75
50
75
100
5
50
5
75
5
75
75
50
50
75
25
75
75
50
75
50
75
100
50
75
75
5(3)
5(3)
ASME Containers
0 to 500 gal w.c. 501 to 1000 gal w.c.
10 feet
15 feet
10 feet
15 feet
10 feet *
15 feet
* LP-gas container(s) of 500 gallon aggregate capacity or less in vapor service is exempt from adjoining
property line requirements.
Note: Proximity of power lines cannot reach vessel if broken.
Building structures
*a) 'Wood frame construction
a) 'Above-ground storage
0 to 1000 gallons
>1000 gallons
Distance may be
reduced to 15 ft for
Class III b combustible
liquids
Horizontal: Distance
between tanks
Distance between O2
and tank openings
Flammable gases above ground
a) Liquified hydrogen
Piping outlets and vent/fill connections from areas occupied by non-ambulatory patients
Public sidewalks or parked vehicles
Nearest property line
*These distances do not apply where protective structures having a minimum fire resistance of two hours
interrupt the line-of-sight between uninsulated portions of the bulk oxygen storage installation and the
exposure. In such cases, the minimum distance required should be that required for system maintenance.
For SI units: 1 ft = 0.305M; 1 gallon = 3.785 L
Total
Line of
Sight
Distance
50 ft
1 ft
75ft/35ft
10 ft
25 ft
50 ft
15 ft
25 ft
75 ft
25 ft
50 ft
25 ft
50 ft
50 ft
25 ft
50 ft
50 ft
10 ft
5 ft
Refrigeration
1 ton (US ) comm
1 ton (British) comm
1 frigorie/hr
The Btu here is the International Steam Table Btu (IT). However, 1 frigorie = 1 kg cal (NOT IT)
One ton of refrigeration is the heat required to melt one ton (2,000 lbs) of ice at 32 F to water at 32 F
during a continuous 24-hour period.
Refrigerant
Ice (H2O) (melting)
Liquid CO2 (flashed to snow)
Dry Ice (subliming)
Refrigerant
Temp F
Pressure
psia
32
-109
-109
14.7
14.7
14.7
8
29.8
29.8
Total Heat
Btu/Lb
152
149.8
276.1
Water Ice (H2O) has a liquid residue while the other refrigerants are converted to the gas phase.
CO2 snow is flashed from liquid CO2 at 314.7 psia storage pressure. Snow yield is 46% by weight.
Liquid carbon dioxide is stored at zero degrees and maintained at zero degrees by a mechanical
refrigerator. This permits storage of liquid carbon dioxide without loss.
Dry ice pellets are manufactured by compressing CO2 snow in an extrusion machine.
*This latent heat value is Btu per pound of liquid CO2
PSIG
Refrigerant
Temp F
Pressure
psia
0 at 1 atm
15 at 30 psia
26 at 40 psia
36 at 50 psia
56 at 70 psia
-320.4
-308.6
-303.2
-298.7
-291.3
14.7
30
40
50
70
90.8
88.9
87.9
87.4
86.4
Total Heat
Btu/Lb
176.2
170.4
167.7
165.1
161.5
Liquid Phase
Substance
Chem.
Symbol
Helium
He
Neon
Ne
Argon
Ar
Krypton
Kr
Xenon
Xe
H2
Hydrogen
N2
Nitrogen
O2
Oxygen
O3
Ozone
Air
-Carbon Monoxide
CO
H2 O
Water
H2 S
Hydrogen Sulfide
SO2
Sulfur Dioxide
CO2
Carbon Dioxide
NH3
Ammonia
CH4
Methane
C 2 H6
Ethane
C 2 H4
Ethylene (Ethene)
C 2 H2
Acetylene
C 3 H8
Propane
C 3 H6
Propylene
CH3OH
Methanol
a
Sublimation point
b
Sublimation Enthalpy
c
Triple point
d
Boiling point
Mol.
Weight
4.00
20.18
39.95
83.80
131.30
2.02
28.01
32.00
47.99
28.98
28.01
18.02
34.08
64.06
44.01
17.03
16.04
30.07
28.05
26.04
44.10
42.08
32.04
0.124
1.207
1.4
2.41
3.06
0.071
0.808
1.14
1.352
0.873
0.79
0.95855
0.9136
1.46
1.18c
0.6819
0.425
0.546
0.567
0.613
0.58
0.61
0.795
Specific Heat
(Cp) BTU/lbF
1.086
0.4483
0.2575
0.1273
0.08121
2.309
0.4877
0.4058
-0.4454
-1.007
----0.8314
-----0.6055
Boiling
Point
@ 1 atm
Temp. F
-452.06
-410.9
-302.6
-244
-162.6
-423
-320.4
-297.3
-168.3
-317.8
-312.7
212
-76.4
14
-109.3a
-28
-258.68
-127.53
-154.8
-118.4a
-43.67
-53.9
148.2
Latent
Heat of
Vaporiz.
BTU/lb
8.72
37.08
69.8
46.2
41.4
191.7
85.6
91.7
6530
88.2
92.79
970.6
235.6
167.5
245.5b
589.3
219.22
210.41
208
264c
183.05
188.18
473
Gaseous Phase
Gas
0.139
0.701
1.39
2.887
4.55
0.06998
0.9737
1.113
1.656
1
0.9736
-1.198
2.279
1.524
0.6003
0.559
1.056
0.978
0.906
1.573
1.481
--
Specific Heat
(Cp) BTU/l
F
Density
lb/cu. ft
Triple Point
Conditions
Temp. F
Pressure
psia
Temp.
NONE
-450.31
6.29
-379.8
9.99
-188.1
10.6
-82.8
11.84
61.9
1.045 -399.93
1.81
-232.4
0.02147 -181.43
1.65
10.13
--221.1
2.2
-220.4
0.088 705.182
-212.9
0.2429
315.4
75.1
87.9
0.88
271.4
1.69 -115.78
14.7
86.96
1.0146
49.82
17.7
96.8
-206.01
-197.2
-464.1
Thermal
Conductivity
@ 80 F
Pressure
psia
BTU/ft h F
33.0
384.9
711.5
798.0
847.0
190.8
493.0
731.4
808.1
547.0
507.5
3,200.5
1,306.5
1,143.0
1,070.6
1,657.0
673.1
708.4
745.0
907.0
616.3
670.0
1,154.2
Density
lb/cu ft
4.347
30.15
33.44
56.7
68.67
1.88
19.6
27.22
33.71
21.9
18.79
20.1
21.6
32.6
29.2
14.7
10.09
12.67
14.2
14.4
13.5
14.5
16.981
0.0906
0.01385
0.01035
0.0055
0.00317
0.1081
0.01503
0.0152
-0.0151
0.01445
0.01081
0.0844
0.00555
0.00971
0.0141
0.0197
0.0123
0.0119
0.0124
0.0104
0.0104
0.0081
Chem.
Symbol
Mol.
Liquid Phase
Boiling Point
Gaseous Phase
Weight
@ 101.325 kPa
Gas @ 0 C &
@ 101.325 kPa
Specific
Gravity
Specific Heat
Temp.
Latent
Cp
Specific Heat
Heat of
Vaporization
kJ/kg C
Wate r=1
Specific
Gravity
kJ/kg
Cp
kJ/kg C
Air = 1
Helium
He
0.124
4.545
-268.9
20.28
0.139
Neon
Ne
20.18
1.207
1.877
-246
86.3
0.701
1.05
Argon
Ar
39.95
1.4
1.078
-185.9
162.3
1.39
0.523
Krypton
Kr
83.8
2.41
0.533
-153.4
107.5
2.887
0.251
Xenon
Xe
131.3
3.06
0.34
-108.2
96.3
4.55
0.269
Hydrogen
H2
2.02
0.071
9.668
-252.8
446
0.06998
14.34
Nitrogen
N2
28.01
0.808
2.042
-195.8
199.1
0.9737
1.04
Oxygen
O2
32
1.14
1.669
-182.96
213
1.113
0.9191
Ozone
O3
47.99
1.352 --
-111.3
151.9
1.656
39.37
Air
Carbon
Monoxide
--
28.98
0.873
-194.3
205
1.01
CO
28.01
215.8
0.9736
H2O
18.02
H2S
34.08
0.9136 --
-60.2
547.83
1.198
0.147
64.06
1.46 --
-10
389.3
2.279
0.622
--
-78.5
571.3
1.539
0.85
Ammonia
NH3
17.03
0.6819 --
-33.3
1371
0.6003
2.191
Methane
CH4
16.04
0.425
-161.49
509.91
0.559
2.207
Ethane
Ethylene
(Ethene)
C2H6
30.07
0.546 --
-88.63
489.41
1.056
1.715
C2H4
28.05
0.567 --
-103.8
484
0.978
1.516
Acetylene
C2H2
26.04
0.613 --
Propane
C3H8
44.1
0.58 --
-42.04
Propylene
C3H6
42.08
0.61 --
-47.72
Methanol
CH3OH
32.04
Water
Hydrogen
Sulfide
1.865
0.79 -0.95855
44.01 1.18c
0.795
-191.5
4.216
3.481
100
2.533
148.2
1.037
2.0418d
2256.9 --
-83.3 614.0c
5.19
0.906
1.6
425.77
1.573
1.625
437.71
1.481
1.486
473 --
0.3274
Gaseous Phase
Triple Point
Critical Point
Thermal
Conductivity
Gas @ 0 C &
@ 101.325 kPa
Density
Temp.
Pressure
Temp.
Pressure
Density
@ 300 K
kg/m3
kPa abs
kPa abs
kg/m3
W/m K
0.17585 NONE
-267.9
227
69.64
0.1567
0.9004
-248.6
43.4
-228.8
2654
483
0.0498
1.7837
-199.3
68.9
-122.3
4905
535.6
0.0179
3.708
-157.4
73.2
-63.8
55402
908
0.0095
5.85
-111.8
81.6
16.6
5840
1100
0.0055
0.08988
-259.2
7.205
-239.96
1315
30.12
0.1869
1.2506
-210
12.5
-146.9
3399
314.9
0.026
1.429
-218.8
0.148
-188.57
5043
436.1
0.0263
-192.5
11.4
-12.15
55.73
540 --
-140.6
3771
351
--
NONE
1.2929
-213.4 --
1.2504
-205.1
15.2
-140.2
3499
301
0.025
0.01
101.9
373.99
22064
322
0.0187
100.5
9008
346
0.0146
7866.9
520
0.0096
.58958d
1.539 --
0.089
--
0.0262
2.9269
-75.5
1.675
157.4
1.9769
-56.6
517.3
31.1
7382
468
0.0168
0.771
-77.7
6.1
133
11350
235
0.0244
0.717
-182.5
11.65
-82.1
4640.86
161.63
0.0341
1.3566
-183.3
101.325
32.2
4883.9
161.63
0.0213
1.2604
-169.2
0.1014
9.9
5041
203
0.0205
1.1716
-82.2
122
36
6250
228
0.0214
2.02 --
--
96.672
4249.24
216.25
0.018
1.769 --
--
91.77
4619.49
232.27
0.014
-143.4 --
464.1
1154.2
16.981
0.014
Art Montemayor
Temp.
Lb/Sq In
Fahr.
p
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
14.696
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
110
120
130
t
101.74
126.08
141.48
152.97
162.24
170.06
176.85
182.86
188.28
193.21
212.00
213.03
227.96
240.07
250.33
259.28
267.25
274.44
281.01
287.07
292.71
297.97
302.92
307.60
312.03
316.25
320.27
324.12
327.81
334.77
341.25
347.32
Specific Volume
Enthalpy
Sat.
Liquid
vf
0.01614
0.01623
0.0163
0.01636
0.0164
0.01645
0.01649
0.01653
0.01656
0.01659
0.01672
Sat.
Vapor
vg
333.6
173.73
118.71
90.63
73.52
61.98
53.64
47.34
42.4
38.42
26.8
Sat.
Liquid
hf
69.70
93.99
109.37
120.86
130.13
137.96
144.76
150.79
156.22
161.17
180.07
0.01672
0.01683
0.01692
0.01701
0.01708
0.01715
0.01721
0.01727
0.01732
0.01738
0.01743
0.01748
0.01753
0.01757
0.01761
0.01766
0.0177
0.01774
0.01782
0.01789
0.01796
26.29
20.089
16.303
13.746
11.898
10.498
9.401
8.515
7.787
7.175
6.655
6.206
5.816
5.472
5.168
4.896
4.652
4.432
4.049
3.728
3.455
181.11
196.16
208.42
218.82
227.91
236.03
243.36
250.09
256.30
262.09
267.50
272.61
277.43
282.02
286.39
290.56
294.56
298.40
305.66
312.44
318.81
Evap.
hfg
1,036.3
1,022.2
1,013.2
1,006.4
1,001.0
996.2
992.1
988.5
985.2
982.1
970.3
969.7
960.1
952.1
945.3
939.2
933.7
928.6
924.0
919.6
915.5
911.6
907.9
904.5
901.1
897.8
894.7
891.7
888.8
883.2
877.9
872.9
Entropy
Sat.
Vapor
hg
1,106.0
1,116.2
1,122.6
1,127.3
1,131.1
1,134.2
1,136.9
1,139.3
1,141.4
1,143.3
1,150.4
Sat.
Liquid
sf
0.1326
0.1749
0.2008
0.2198
0.2347
0.2472
0.2581
0.2674
0.2759
0.2835
0.312
1,150.8
1,156.3
1,060.6
1,164.1
1,167.1
1,169.7
1,172.0
1,174.1
1,175.9
1,177.6
1,179.1
1,180.6
1,181.9
1,183.1
1,184.2
1,185.3
1,186.2
1,187.2
1,188.9
1,190.4
1,191.7
0.3135
0.3356
0.3533
0.368
0.3807
0.3919
0.4019
0.411
0.4193
0.427
0.4342
0.4409
0.4472
0.4531
0.4587
0.4641
0.4692
0.474
0.4832
0.4916
0.4995
Page 84 of 97
Internal Energy
sfg
1.8456
1.7451
1.6855
1.6427
1.6094
1.582
1.5586
1.5383
1.5203
1.5041
1.4446
Sat.
Vapor
sg
1.9782
1.92
1.8863
1.8625
1.8441
1.8292
1.8167
1.8057
1.7962
1.7876
1.7566
1.4415
1.3962
1.3606
1.3313
1.3063
1.2844
1.265
1.2474
1.2316
1.2168
1.2032
1.1906
1.1787
1.1676
1.1571
1.1471
1.1376
1.1286
1.1117
1.0962
1.0817
1.7549
1.7319
1.7139
1.6993
1.687
1.6763
1.6669
1.6585
1.6509
1.6438
1.6374
1.6315
1.6259
1.6207
1.6158
1.6112
1.6068
1.6026
1.5948
1.5878
1.5812
Evap.
Sat.
Liquid
sf
69.7
93.98
109.36
120.85
130.12
137.94
144.74
150.77
156.19
161.14
180.02
Sat.
Vapor
sg
1,044.3
1,051.9
1,056.7
1,060.2
1,063.1
1,065.4
1,067.4
1,069.2
1,070.8
1,072.2
1,077.5
181.06
1,077.8
196.1
1,081.9
208.34
1,085.1
218.73
1,087.8
227.8
1,090.1
235.9
1,092.0
243.22
1,093.7
249.93
1,095.3
256.12
1,096.7
261.9
1,097.9
267.29
1,099.1
272.38
1,100.2
277.19
1,101.2
281.76
1,102.1
286.11
1,102.9
290.27
1,103.7
294.25
1,104.5
298.08
1,105.2
305.3
1,106.5
312.05
1,107.6
318.38
1,108.6
FileName: 142168304.xls.ms_office
WorkSheet: Steam @ Sat'd. Pressure
Art Montemayor
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1,000
1,100
1,200
1,300
1,400
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,206
353.02
358.42
363.53
368.41
373.06
377.51
381.79
400.95
417.33
431.72
444.59
456.28
467.01
476.94
486.21
494.90
503.10
510.86
518.23
525.26
531.98
538.43
544.61
556.31
567.22
577.46
587.10
596.23
635.82
668.13
695.36
705.40
3.22
3.015
2.834
2.675
2.532
2.404
2.288
1.8438
1.5433
1.326
1.1613
1.032
0.9278
0.8424
0.7698
0.7083
0.6554
0.6092
0.5687
0.5327
0.5006
0.4717
0.4456
0.4001
0.3619
0.3293
0.3012
0.2765
0.1878
0.1307
0.0858
0.0503
324.82
330.51
335.93
341.09
346.03
350.79
355.36
3,760.00
393.84
409.69
424.00
437.20
449.40
460.80
471.60
481.80
491.50
500.80
509.70
518.30
526.60
534.60
542.40
557.40
571.70
585.40
598.70
611.60
671.70
730.60
802.50
902.70
868.2
863.6
859.2
854.9
850.8
846.8
843.0
825.1
809.0
794.2
780.5
767.4
755.0
743.1
731.6
720.5
709.7
699.2
688.9
678.8
668.8
659.1
649.4
630.4
611.7
593.2
574.7
556.3
463.4
360.5
217.8
0.0
1,193.0
1,194.1
1,195.1
1,196.0
1,196.9
1,197.6
1,198.4
1,201.1
1,202.8
1,203.9
1,204.5
1,204.6
1,204.4
1,203.9
1,203.2
1,202.3
1,201.2
1,200.0
1,198.6
1,197.1
1,195.4
1,193.7
1,191.8
1,187.8
1,183.4
1,178.6
1,173.4
1,167.9
1,135.1
1,091.1
1,020.3
902.7
0.5069
0.5138
0.5204
0.5266
0.5325
0.5381
0.5435
0.5675
0.5879
0.6056
0.6214
0.6356
0.6487
0.6608
0.672
0.6826
0.6925
0.7019
0.7108
0.7194
0.7275
0.7355
0.743
0.7575
0.7711
0.784
0.7963
0.8082
0.8619
0.9126
0.9731
1.058
Page 85 of 97
1.0682
1.0556
1.0436
1.0324
1.0217
1.0116
1.0018
0.9588
0.9225
0.891
0.863
0.8378
0.8147
0.7934
0.7734
0.7548
0.7371
0.7204
0.7045
0.6891
0.6744
0.6602
0.6467
0.6205
0.5956
0.5719
0.5491
0.5269
0.423
0.3197
0.1885
0
1.5751
1.5694
1.564
1.559
1.5542
1.5497
1.5453
1.5263
1.5104
1.4966
1.4844
1.4734
1.4634
1.4542
1.4454
1.4374
1.4296
1.4223
1.4153
1.4085
1.402
1.3957
1.3897
1.378
1.3667
1.3559
1.3454
1.3351
1.2849
1.2322
1.1615
1.058
324.35
330.01
335.39
340.52
345.42
350.15
354.68
375.14
392.79
408.45
422.6
435.5
447.6
458.8
469.4
479.4
488.8
498
506.6
515
523.1
530.9
538.4
552.9
566.7
580
592.7
605.1
662.2
717.3
783.4
872.9
1,109.6
1,110.5
1,111.2
1,111.9
1,112.5
1,113.1
1,113.7
1,115.8
1,117.1
1,118.0
1,118.5
1,118.7
1,118.6
1,118.2
1,117.7
1,117.1
1,116.3
1,115.4
1,114.4
1,113.3
1,112.1
1,110.8
1,109.4
1,106.4
1,103.0
1,099.4
1,095.4
1,091.2
1,065.6
1,030.6
972.7
872.9
FileName: 142168304.xls.ms_office
WorkSheet: Steam @ Sat'd. Pressure
Temp.
Fahr.
t
32
35
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
212
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
Abs.
Press.
Lb/Sq In
p
0.08854
0.09995
0.1217
0.14752
0.17811
0.2563
0.3631
0.5069
0.6982
0.9492
1.2748
1.6924
2.2225
2.8886
3.718
4.741
5.992
7.51
9.339
11.526
14.123
14.696
17.186
20.78
24.969
29.825
35.429
41.858
49.203
57.556
67.013
77.68
89.66
103.06
118.01
134.63
153.04
173.37
195.77
220.37
247.31
276.75
308.83
Specific Volume
Sat.
Liquid
vf
0.01602
0.01602
0.01602
0.01602
0.01603
0.01604
0.01606
0.01608
0.0161
0.01613
0.01617
0.0162
0.01625
0.01629
0.01634
0.01639
0.01645
0.01651
0.01657
0.01663
0.0167
0.01672
0.01677
0.01684
0.01692
0.017
0.01709
0.01717
0.01726
0.01735
0.01745
0.01755
0.01765
0.01776
0.01787
0.01799
0.01811
0.01823
0.01836
0.0185
0.01864
0.01878
0.01894
Evap.
vfg
3306
2947
2444
2036.4
1703.2
1206.6
867.8
633.1
468
350.3
265.3
203.25
157.32
122.99
97.06
77.27
62.04
50.21
40.94
33.62
27.8
26.78
23.13
19.365
16.306
13.804
11.746
10.044
8.628
7.444
6.449
5.609
4.896
4.289
3.77
3.324
2.939
2.606
2.317
2.0651
1.8447
1.6512
1.4811
Sat.
Vapor
vg
3306
2947
2444
2036.4
1703.2
1206.7
867.9
633.1
468
350.4
265.4
203.27
157.34
123.01
97.07
77.29
62.06
50.23
40.96
33.64
27.82
26.8
23.15
19.382
16.323
13.821
11.763
10.061
8.645
7.461
6.446
5.626
4.914
4.307
3.788
3.342
2.957
2.625
2.335
2.0836
1.8633
1.67
1.5
Enthalpy
Sat.
Liquid
hf
0
3.02
8.05
13.06
18.07
28.06
38.04
48.02
57.99
67.97
77.94
87.92
97.9
107.89
117.89
127.89
137.9
147.92
157.95
167.99
178.05
180.07
188.13
198.23
208.34
218.48
228.64
238.84
249.06
259.31
269.59
279.59
290.28
300.68
311.13
321.63
332.18
342.79
353.45
364.17
374.97
385.83
396.77
Evap.
hfg
1075.8
1074.1
1071.3
1068.4
1065.6
1059.9
1054.3
1048.6
1042.9
1037.2
1031.6
1025.8
1020
1014.1
1008.2
1002.3
996.3
990.2
984.1
977.9
971.6
970.3
965.2
958.8
952.2
945.5
938.7
931.8
924.7
917.5
910.1
902.6
894.9
887
879
870.7
862.2
853.5
844.6
835.4
826
816.3
806.3
Entropy
Sat.
Vapor
hg
1075.8
1077.1
1079.3
1081.5
1083.7
1088
1092.3
1096.6
1100.9
1105.2
1109.5
1113.7
1117.9
1122
1126.1
1130.2
1134.2
1138.1
1142
1145.9
1149.7
1150.4
1153.4
1157
1160.5
1164
1167.3
1170.6
1173.8
1176.8
1179.7
1182.5
1185.2
1187.7
1190.1
1192.3
1194.4
1196.3
1198.1
1199.6
1201
1202.1
1203.1
Sat.
Liquid
sf
0
0.0061
0.0162
0.0262
0.0361
0.0555
0.0745
0.0932
0.1115
0.1295
0.1471
0.1645
0.1816
0.1984
0.2149
0.2311
0.2472
0.263
0.2785
0.2938
0.309
0.312
0.3239
0.3387
0.3531
0.3675
0.3817
0.3958
0.4096
0.4234
0.4369
0.4504
0.4637
0.4769
0.49
0.5029
0.5158
0.5286
0.5413
0.5539
0.5664
0.5788
0.5912
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
520
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
705.4
343.72
381.59
422.6
466.9
514.7
566.1
621.4
680.8
812.4
962.5
1133.1
1325.8
1542.9
1786.6
2059.7
2365.4
2708.1
3093.7
3206.2
0.0191
0.01926
0.0194
0.0196
0.0198
0.02
0.0202
0.0204
0.0209
0.0215
0.0221
0.0228
0.0236
0.0247
0.026
0.0278
0.0305
0.0369
0.0503
1.3308
1.1979
1.0799
0.9748
0.8811
0.7972
0.7221
0.6545
0.5385
0.4434
0.3647
0.2989
0.2432
0.1955
0.1538
0.1165
0.081
0.0392
0
1.3499
1.2171
1.0993
0.9009
0.9009
0.8172
0.7423
0.6749
0.5594
0.4649
0.3868
0.3217
0.2668
0.2201
0.1798
0.1442
0.1115
0.0761
0.0503
407.79
418.9
430.1
441.4
452.8
464.4
476
487.8
511.9
536.6
562.2
588.9
617
646.7
678.6
714.2
757.3
823.3
902.7
796
785.4
774.5
763.2
751.5
739.4
726.8
713.9
686.4
656.6
624.2
588.4
548.5
503.6
452
390.2
309.9
172.1
0
1203.8
1204.3
1204.6
1204.6
1204.3
1203.7
1202.8
1201.7
1198.2
1193.2
1186.4
1177.3
1165.5
1150.3
1130.5
1104.4
1067.2
995.4
902.7
0.6035
0.6158
0.628
0.6402
0.6523
0.6645
0.6766
0.6887
0.713
0.7374
0.7621
0.7872
0.8131
0.8398
0.8679
0.8987
0.9351
0.9905
1.058
Entropy
Evap.
sfg
2.1877
2.1709
2.1435
2.1167
2.0903
2.0393
1.9902
1.9428
1.8972
1.8531
1.8106
1.7694
1.7296
1.691
1.6537
1.6174
1.5822
1.548
1.5147
1.4824
1.4508
1.4446
1.4201
1.3901
1.3609
1.3323
1.3043
1.2769
1.2501
1.2238
1.198
1.1727
1.1478
1.1233
1.0992
1.0754
1.0519
1.0287
1.0059
0.9832
0.9608
0.9386
0.9166
Sat.
Vapor
sg
2.1877
2.177
2.1597
2.1429
2.1264
2.0948
2.0647
2.036
2.0087
1.9826
1.9577
1.9339
1.9112
1.8894
1.8685
1.8485
1.8293
1.8109
1.7932
1.7762
1.7598
1.7566
1.744
1.7288
1.714
1.6998
1.686
1.6727
1.6597
1.6472
1.635
1.6231
1.6115
1.6002
1.5891
1.5783
1.5677
1.5573
1.5471
1.5371
1.5272
1.5174
1.5078
0.8947
0.873
0.8513
0.8298
0.8083
0.7868
0.7653
0.7438
0.7006
0.6568
0.6121
0.5659
0.5176
0.4664
0.411
0.3485
0.2719
0.1484
0
1.4982
1.4887
1.4793
1.47
1.4606
1.4513
1.4419
1.4325
1.4136
1.3942
1.3742
1.3532
1.3307
1.3062
1.2789
1.2472
1.2071
1.1389
1.058
SUPERHEATED STEAM
Abs. Press
psi & Sat.
Temp.
1
101.74
5
162.24
10
193.21
14.696
212.00
20
227.96
40
267.25
60
292.71
80
312.03
100
327.81
120
341.25
140
353.02
160
363.53
180
373.06
200
381.79
220
200
392.6
1150.4
2.0512
300
452.3
1195.8
2.1153
400
512
1241.7
2.172
500
571.6
1288.3
2.2233
600
631.2
1335.7
2.2702
700
690.8
1383.8
2.3137
800
750.4
1432.8
2.3542
v
h
s
78.16
1148.8
1.8718
90.25
1195
1.937
102.26
1241.2
1.9942
114.22
1288
2.0456
126.16
1335.4
2.0927
138.1
1383.6
2.1361
150.03
1432.7
2.1767
v
h
s
38.85
1146.6
1.7927
45
1193.9
1.8595
51.04
1240.6
1.9172
57.05
1287.5
1.9689
63.03
1335.1
2.016
69.01
1383.4
2.0596
74.98
1432.5
2.1002
v
h
s
----
30.53
1192.8
1.816
34.68
1239.9
1.8743
38.78
1287.1
1.9261
42.86
1334.8
1.9734
46.94
1383.2
2.017
51
1432.3
2.0576
v
h
s
----
22.36
1191.6
1.7808
25.43
1239.2
1.8396
28.46
1286.6
1.8918
31.47
1334.4
1.9392
34.47
1382.9
1.9829
37.46
1432.1
2.0235
v
h
s
----
11.04
1186.8
1.6994
12.628
1236.5
1.7608
14.168
1284.8
1.814
15.688
1333.1
1.8619
17.198
1381.9
1.9058
18.702
1431.3
1.9467
v
h
s
----
7.259
1181.6
1.6492
8.357
1233.6
1.7135
9.403
1283
1.7678
10.427
1331.8
1.8162
11.441
1380.9
1.8605
12.449
1430.5
1.9015
v
h
s
----
----
6.22
1230.7
1.6791
7.02
1281.1
1.7346
7.797
1330.5
1.7836
8.562
1379.9
1.8281
9.322
1429.7
1.8694
v
h
s
----
----
4.937
1227.6
1.6518
5.589
1279.1
1.7085
6.218
1329.1
1.7581
6.835
1378.9
1.8029
7.446
1428.9
1.8443
v
h
s
----
----
4.081
1224.4
1.6287
4.636
1277.2
1.6869
5.165
1327.7
1.737
5.683
1377.8
1.7822
6.195
1428.1
1.8237
v
h
s
----
----
3.468
1221.1
1.6087
3.954
1275.2
1.6683
4.413
1326.4
1.719
4.861
1376.8
1.7645
5.301
1427.3
1.8063
v
h
s
----
----
3.008
1217.6
1.5908
3.443
1273.1
1.6519
3.849
1325
1.7033
4.244
1375.7
1.7491
4.631
1426.4
1.7911
v
h
s
----
----
2.649
1214
1.5745
3.044
1271
1.6373
3.411
1323.5
1.6894
3.764
1374.7
1.7355
4.11
1425.6
1.776
v
h
s
----
----
2.361
1210.3
1.5594
2.726
1268.9
1.624
3.06
1322.1
1.6767
3.38
1373.6
1.7232
3.693
1424.8
1.7655
v
h
---
---
2.125
1206.5
2.465
1266.7
2.772
1320.7
3.066
1372.6
3.352
1424
389.86
240
397.37
260
404.42
280
411.05
300
417.33
350
431.72
400
444.59
--
--
1.5453
1.6117
1.6652
1.712
1.7545
v
h
s
----
----
1.9276
1202.5
1.5319
2.247
1264.5
1.6003
2.533
1319.2
1.6546
2.804
1371.5
1.7017
3.068
1423.2
1.7444
v
h
s
----
----
----
2.063
1262.3
1.5897
2.33
1317.7
1.6447
2.582
1370.4
1.6922
2.827
1422.3
1.7352
v
h
s
----
----
----
1.9047
1260
1.5796
2.156
1316.2
1.6354
2.392
1369.4
1.6834
2.621
1421.5
1.7265
v
h
s
----
----
----
1.7675
1257.6
1.5701
2.005
1314.7
1.6268
2.227
1368.3
1.6751
2.442
1420.6
1.7184
v
h
s
----
----
----
1.4923
1251.5
1.5481
1.7036
1310.9
1.607
1.898
1365.5
1.6563
2.084
1418.5
1.7002
v
h
s
----
----
----
1.2851
1245.1
1.5281
1.477
1306.9
1.5984
1.6508
1362.7
1.6398
1.8161
1416.4
1.6842
SUPERHEATED STEAM
Abs. Press
psi & Sat.
Temp.
450
-456.28
500
-467.01
550
-476.94
600
-486.21
700
-503.1
800
-518.23
900
-531.98
1,000
-544.61
-------------
500
1.1231
1238.4
1.5095
550
1.2155
1272
1.5437
600
1.3005
1302.8
1.5735
620
1.3332
1314.6
1.5845
640
1.3652
1326.2
1.5951
660
1.3967
1337.5
1.6054
700
1.4278
1348.8
1.6153
0.9927
1231.3
1.4919
0.8852
1223.7
1.4751
0.7947
1215.7
1.4586
1.08
1266.8
1.528
0.9686
1261.2
1.5131
0.8753
1255.5
1.499
0.7277
1243.2
1.4722
0.6154
1229.8
1.4467
0.5264
1215
1.4216
0.4533
1198.3
1.3961
1.1591
1298.6
1.5588
1.0431
1294.3
1.5451
0.9463
1289.9
1.5323
0.7934
1280.6
1.5084
0.6779
1270.7
1.4863
0.5873
1260.1
1.4653
0.514
1248.8
1.445
1.1893
1310.7
1.5701
1.0714
1306.8
1.5568
0.9729
1302.7
1.5443
0.8177
1294.3
1.5212
0.7006
1285.4
1.5
0.6089
1275.9
1.48
0.535
1265.9
1.461
1.2188
1322.6
1.581
1.0989
1318.9
1.568
0.9988
1315.2
1.5558
0.8411
1307.5
1.5333
0.7223
1299.4
1.5129
0.6294
1209.9
1.4938
0.5546
1281.9
1.4757
1.2478
1334.2
1.5915
1.1259
1330.8
1.5787
1.0241
1327.4
1.5667
0.8639
1320.3
1.5449
0.7433
1312.9
1.525
0.6491
1305.1
1.5066
0.5733
1297
1.4893
1.2763
1345.7
1.6016
1.1523
1342.5
1.589
1.0489
1339.3
1.5773
0.886
1332.8
1.5559
0.7635
1325.9
1.5366
0.668
1318.8
1.5187
0.5912
1311.4
1.5021
1,100
-556.31
1,200
-567.22
1,400
-587.1
1,600
-604.9
1,800
-621.03
2,000
-635.82
2,500
-668.13
3,000
-695.36
3,206
-705.4
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
5,500
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
-------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
0.4532
1236.7
1.4251
0.4016
1223.5
1.4052
0.3174
1193
1.3639
----------------------------------
0.4738
1255.3
1.4425
0.4222
1243.9
1.4243
0.339
1218.4
1.3877
0.2733
1187.8
1.3489
-------------------------------
0.4929
1272.4
1.4583
0.441
1262.4
1.4413
0.358
1240.4
1.4079
0.2936
1215.2
1.3741
0.2407
1185.1
1.3377
0.1936
1145.6
1.2945
-------------------------
0.511
1288.5
1.4728
0.4586
1279.6
1.4568
0.3753
1260.3
1.4258
0.3112
1238.7
1.3952
0.2597
1214
1.3638
0.2161
1184.9
1.33
-------------------------
0.5281
1303.7
1.4862
0.4752
1295.7
1.471
0.3912
1278.5
1.4419
0.3271
1259.6
1.4137
0.276
1238.5
1.3855
0.2337
1214.8
1.3564
0.1484
1132.3
1.2687
----------------------
re -- Degrees Fahrenheit
900
809.9
1482.7
2.3923
1,000
869.5
1533.5
2.4283
1,100
929.1
1585.2
2.4625
1,200
988.7
1637.7
2.4952
1,400
1107.8
1745.7
2.5566
1,600
1227
1857.5
2.6137
161.95
1482.6
2.2148
173.87
1533.4
2.2509
185.79
1585.1
2.2851
197.71
1637.7
2.3178
221.6
1745.7
2.3792
245.4
1857.4
2.4363
80.95
1482.4
2.1383
86.92
1533.2
2.1744
92.83
1585
2.2086
98.84
1637.6
2.2413
110.77
1745.6
2.3028
122.69
1857.3
2.3598
55.07
1482.3
2.0958
59.13
1533.1
2.1319
63.19
1584.8
2.1662
67.25
1637.5
2.1989
75.37
1745.5
2.2603
83.48
1857.3
2.3174
40.45
1482.1
2.0618
43.44
1533
2.0978
46.42
1584.7
2.1321
49.41
1637.4
2.1648
55.37
1745.4
2.2263
61.34
1857.2
2.2834
20.2
1481.4
1.985
21.7
1532.4
2.0212
23.2
1584.3
2.0555
24.69
1637
2.0883
27.68
1745.1
2.1498
30.66
1857
2.2069
13.452
1480.8
1.94
14.454
1531.9
1.9762
15.453
1583.8
2.0106
16.451
1636.6
2.0434
18.446
1744.8
2.1049
20.44
1856.7
1.1621
10.077
1480.1
1.9079
10.83
1531.3
1.9442
11.582
1583.4
1.9787
12.332
1636.2
2.0115
13.83
1744.5
2.0731
15.325
1856.5
2.1303
8.052
1479.5
1.8829
8.656
1530.8
1.9193
9.259
1582.9
1.9538
9.86
1635.7
1.9867
11.06
1744.2
2.0484
12.258
1856.2
2.1056
6.702
1478.8
1.8625
7.207
1530.2
1.899
7.71
1582.4
1.9335
8.212
1635.3
1.9664
9.214
1743.9
2.0281
10.213
1856
2.0854
5.738
1478.2
1.8451
6.172
1529.7
1.8817
6.604
1581.9
1.9163
7.035
1634.9
1.9493
7.895
1743.5
2.011
8.752
1855.7
2.0683
5.015
1477.5
1.8301
5.396
1529.1
1.8667
5.775
1581.4
1.9014
6.152
1634.5
1.9344
6.906
1743.2
1.9962
7.656
1855.5
2.0535
4.452
1476.8
1.8167
4.792
1528.6
1.8534
5.129
1581
1.8882
5.466
1634.1
1.9212
6.136
1742.9
1.9831
6.804
1855.2
2.0404
4.002
1476.2
1.8048
4.309
1528
1.8415
4.613
1580.5
1.8763
4.917
1633.7
1.9094
5.521
1742.6
1.9713
6.123
1855
2.0287
3.634
1475.5
3.913
1527.5
4.191
1580
4.467
1633.3
5.017
1742.3
5.565
1854.7
1.7939
1.8308
1.8656
1.8987
1.9607
2.0181
3.327
1474.8
1.7839
3.584
1526.9
1.8209
3.839
1579.6
1.8558
4.093
1632.9
1.8889
4.597
1742
1.951
5.1
1854.5
2.0084
3.067
1474.2
1.7748
3.305
1526.3
1.8118
3.541
1579.1
1.8467
3.776
1632.5
1.8799
4.242
1741.7
1.942
4.707
1854.2
1.9995
2.845
1473.5
1.7662
3.066
1525.8
1.8033
3.286
1578.6
1.8383
3.504
1632.1
1.8716
3.938
1741.4
1.9337
4.37
1854
1.9912
2.652
1472.8
1.7582
2.859
1525.2
1.7954
3.065
1578.1
1.8305
3.269
1631.7
1.8638
3.674
1741
1.926
4.078
1853.7
1.9835
2.266
1471.1
1.7403
2.445
1523.8
1.7777
2.622
1577
1.813
2.798
1630.7
1.8463
3.147
1740.3
1.9086
3.493
1853.1
1.9663
1.9767
1469.4
1.7247
2.134
1522.4
1.7623
2.29
1575.8
1.7977
2.445
1629.6
1.8311
2.751
1739.5
1.8936
3.055
1852.5
1.9513
800
1.4584
1359.9
1.625
900
1.6074
1414.3
1.6699
1000
1.7516
1467.7
1.7108
1200
1.8928
1521
1.7486
1400
2.17
1628.6
1.8177
1.3044
1357
1.6115
1.1783
1354
1.5991
1.0732
1351.1
1.5875
0.9077
1345
1.5665
0.7833
1338.6
1.5476
0.6863
1332.1
1.5303
0.6084
1325.3
1.5141
1.4405
1412.1
1.6571
1.3038
1409.9
1.6452
1.1899
1407.7
1.6343
1.0108
1403.2
1.6147
0.8763
1398.6
1.5972
0.7716
1393.9
1.5814
0.6878
1389.2
1.567
1.5715
1466
1.6982
1.4241
1464.3
1.6868
1.3013
1462.5
1.6762
1.1082
1459
1.6573
0.9633
1455.4
1.6407
0.8506
1451.8
1.6257
0.7604
1448.2
1.6121
1.6996
1519.6
1.7363
1.5414
1518.2
1.725
1.4096
1516.7
1.7147
1.2024
1513.9
1.6963
1.047
1511
1.6801
0.9262
1508.1
1.6656
0.8294
1505.1
1.1625
1.9504
1627.6
1.8056
1.7706
1626.6
1.7946
1.6208
1625.5
1.7846
1.3853
1623.5
1.7666
1.2088
1621.4
1.751
1.0714
1619.3
1.7371
0.9615
1617.3
1.7245
re -- Degrees Fahrenheit
1600
2.443
2.714
1738.7
1851.9
1.8803
1.9381
2.197
1737.9
1.8683
1.9957
1737.1
1.8575
1.8279
1736.3
1.8476
1.5641
1734.8
1.8299
1.3662
1733.2
1.8146
1.2124
1731.6
1.8009
1.0893
1730
1.7886
2.442
1851.3
1.9262
2.219
1850.6
1.9155
2.033
1850
1.9056
1.7405
1848.8
1.8881
1.5214
1847.5
1.8729
1.3509
1846.3
1.8595
1.2146
1845
1.8474
0.5445
1318.3
1.4989
0.4909
1311
1.4843
0.4062
1295.5
1.4567
0.3417
1278.7
1.4303
0.2907
1260.3
1.4044
0.2489
1240
1.3783
0.1686
1176.8
1.3073
0.0984
1060.7
1.1966
---0.0306
780.5
0.9515
0.0287
763.8
0.9347
0.0276
753.5
0.9235
0.0268
746.4
0.9152
0.0262
741.3
0.909
0.6191
1384.3
1.5535
0.5617
1379.3
1.5409
0.4714
1369.1
1.5177
0.4034
1358.4
1.4964
0.3502
1347.2
1.4765
0.3074
1335.5
1.4576
0.2294
1303.6
1.4127
0.176
1267.2
1.369
0.1583
1250.5
1.3508
0.1364
1224.9
1.3241
0.1052
1174.8
1.2757
0.0798
1113.9
1.2204
0.0593
1047.1
1.1622
0.0463
985
1.1093
0.6866
1444.5
1.5995
0.625
1440.7
1.5879
0.5281
1433.1
1.5666
0.4553
1425.3
1.5476
0.3986
1417.4
1.5301
0.3532
1409.2
1.5139
0.271
1387.8
1.4772
0.2159
1365
1.4439
0.1981
1355.2
1.4309
0.1762
1340.7
1.4127
0.1462
1314.4
1.3827
0.1226
1286.5
1.3529
0.1036
1256.5
1.3231
0.088
1224.1
1.293
0.7503
1502.2
1.6405
0.6843
1499.2
1.6293
0.5805
1493.2
1.6093
0.5027
1487
1.5914
0.4421
1480.8
1.5752
0.3935
1474.5
1.5603
0.3061
1458.4
1.5273
0.2476
1441.8
1.4984
0.2288
1434.7
1.4874
0.2058
1424.5
1.4723
0.1743
1406.8
1.4482
0.15
1388.4
1.4253
0.1303
1369.5
1.4034
0.1143
1349.3
1.3821
0.8716
1615.2
1.713
0.7967
1613.1
1.7025
0.6789
1608.9
1.6836
0.5906
1604.6
1.6669
0.5218
1600.4
1.652
0.4668
1596.1
1.6384
0.3678
1585.3
1.6088
0.3018
1574.3
1.5837
0.2806
1569.8
1.5742
0.2546
1563.3
1.5615
0.2192
1552.1
1.5417
0.1917
1540.8
1.5235
0.1696
1529.5
1.5066
0.1516
1518.2
1.4908
0.9885
1728.4
1.7775
0.9046
1726.9
1.7672
0.7727
1723.7
1.7489
0.6738
1720.5
1.7328
0.5968
1717.3
1.7185
0.5352
1714.1
1.7055
0.4244
1706.1
1.6775
0.3505
1698
1.654
0.3267
1694.6
1.6452
0.2977
1689.8
1.6336
0.2581
1681.7
1.6154
0.2273
1673.5
1.599
0.2027
1665.3
1.5839
0.1825
1657
1.5699
1.1031
1843.8
1.8363
1.0101
1842.5
1.8263
0.864
1840
1.8083
0.7545
1837.5
1.7926
0.6693
1835
1.7786
0.6011
1832.5
1.766
0.4784
1826.2
1.7389
0.3966
1819.9
1.7163
0.3703
1817.2
1.708
0.3381
1813.6
1.6968
0.2943
1807.2
1.6795
0.2602
1800.9
1.664
0.2329
1794.5
1.6499
0.2106
1788.1
1.6369
1
2
3
4
Liquid Valve
Economizer Regulator
Vent Valve
Burst Disc
Dura-Cyl: 400 psig
Dura-Max: 500 psig
Pressure gauge
Pressure Building Regulator
Pressure Building Valve
Liquid Level Gauge
Vacuum Casing Burst Disc
Gas Use Valve
5
7
8
9
10
11