Eau Chemical (Mfg) Pvt. Ltd., Eauchem Towers, Plot No.

90-A, Ambal Nagar Main Road, Keelkattalai, Chennai 600 117. Tamil Nadu. Ph: 22470205 / 22470206 Fax:22472027 Email: ecmpl@vsnl.net / eauchem@vsnl.net Web: http://www.eauchem.com

ALKALINITY
Scope: To determine the Alkalinity in water and wastewater in the range of 0.5 to 500mg/l. The upper range may be dilution of the original sample.

Principle: Alkalinity of water is the capacity of that water to accept protons. It may be defined as the quantities capacity of an aqueous medium to react with hydrogen ions to pH 8.3 (Phenolphthalein alkalinity) and then to pH 4.5 (Total alkalinity or methyl alkalinity)

Interferences:
Free available residual chlorine markedly affects the indicator colour response. The addition of minimal volume of sodium thio sulphate eliminates this interference.

Apparatus:
pH meter, Burette 50 ml capacity Magnetic stirrer.

Chemicals:
Distilled water, Conc.Sulphuric acid A.R., Phenolphthalein, Methyl red, Bromocresol Green indicators, Sodium carbonate, Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate, Sodium Hydroxide.

Solutions

f o r W a t e r, P r o c e s s

& Effluent

ALKALINITY

Reagents:
Sulphuric Acid 0.2 N : Dilute 5.6 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid (sp.gr.1.84) to one litre with distilled water Standard 0.02N H2SO4: Dilute 100 ml of 0.2 N Sulphuric acid to1000ml With distilled water, this can be standardized by titrating with 0.02 N sodium carbonate using Mixed Indicator as indicator. Or 0.02 N NaOH (WITH NIST TRACEABLE) STANDARDIZED WITH NIST POTASSIUM HYDROGEN PHTHALATE.

Phenolphthalein indicator: Dissolve 0.5 g of Phenolphthalein in 100ml of 1:1 (v/v) alcohol/water mixture.

Mixed Indicator solution: Dissolve 0.02 g methyl red and 0.1 g Bromocresol green in 100 ml 95% ethyl or isopropyl alcohol.

Standard 0.02N Na2CO3 solution: Dilute 1.0599g of (dried 260C for 1hr) Na2Co3 to1000ml with distilled water

Procedure:
Pipette 50ml or suitable aliquot of sample into 250 ml conical flask add 2 to 3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator, (if there is no pink color, phenolphthalein alkalinity is absent). Titrated the pink color solution against 0.02N Sulphuric acid taken in the burette to the colorless end point (A). To the titrated solution or to the solution containing Phenolphthalein indicator, add 2 to 3 drops of mixed indicator. Titrate with standard 0.02 N Sulphuric acid to light pink color (B).

Prepared By

Approved by

Deputy Manager Lab & QC

Managing Director

ALKALINITY

Calculation:
Phenolphthalein alkalinity (as mg/l of CaCo3) = A x N x 50000 ---------------------V

(A+B) x N x 50000 ---------------------V A = ml of standard sulphuric acid used to titrated to pH 8.3 Total alkalinity (as mg/l of CaCo3) = B = ml of standard sulphuric acid used to titrated from pH 8.3 to 4.5 N = Normality of acid used and V = Volume in ml of sample taken for test.

Alkalinity Relationship: Result of Titration P=0 P<1/2 T P= 1/2 T P>1/2 T P=T Refer Indian standard Method of sampling and test (Physical & chemical) for water and waste water IS 3025 (part: 23) Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water APHA 21 st Edition 2005.Part 2320 A,B. page 2-27 to 2-29 Hydroxide Alkalinity as CaCO3 0 0 0 2P-T T Carbonate Alkalinity as CaCO3 0 2P 2P 2(T-P) 0 Bicarbonate Alkalinity as CaCO3 T T-2P 0 0 0

Prepared By

Approved by

Deputy Manager Lab & QC

Managing Director