Requirement:

Nature of variables Assumption Under line hypothesis What tables are important?

One sample T test

To test the values of a quantitative variable against a hypothesized test value, choose a quantitative variable and enter a hypothesized test value. normally distributed population, is unknown. When population variance is un known we use one sample T test

Assumption
This test assumes that the data are normally distributed; however, this test is fairly robust to departures from normality.

Hypothesis H0 : =35.53 H1 : 35.53

Null Hypothesis ( H0 ) :significantly no difference of test value mean Alternative Hypothesis ( H1 or Ha ) :significantly difference of test value mean

Important table to explain

One-Sample Test Test Value = 35.53 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference t Months with service -.006 df 999 Sig. (2-tailed) .995 Mean Difference -.004 Lower -1.33 Upper 1.32

Process
To begin the analysis, from the menus choose: Analyze

Compare Means Independent...

Independent-Samples T Test
The values of the quantitative variable of interest are in a single column in the data file. The procedure uses a grouping variable with two values to separate the cases into two groups. The grouping variable can be numeric (values such as 1 and 2 or 6.25 and 12.5) or short string (such as yes and no).

Assumption
For the equal-variance t test, the observations should be independent, random samples from normal distributions with the same population variance. For the unequal-variance t test, the observations should be independent, random samples from normal distributions. The two-sample t test is fairly robust to departures from normality. When checking distributions graphically, look to see that they are symmetric and have no outliers.

Hypothesis Ho : H1 :
Null Hypothesis ( H0 ): significantly no difference between means of variable Alternative Hypothesis ( H1 or Ha ): there is a significant difference between means of variable

Important table

Process
To begin the analysis, from the menus choose: Analyze

Compare Means Independent

Paired-Samples T Test
For each paired test, specify two quantitative variables (interval level of measurement or ratio level of measurement). For a matched-pairs or case-control study, the response for each test subject and its matched control subject must be in the same case in the data file.

Assumptions.
Observations for each pair should be made under the same conditions. The mean differences should be normally distributed. Variances of each variable can be equal or

Hypothesis
Ho: H1:
=

Important Table

Process
To begin the analysis, from the menus choose:

Analyze Compare Means Paired-Samples T Test. Select one or more pairs of variables Optionally, click Options to control the treatment of missing data and the level of the confidence interval

Chi square
Chi square is a non-parametric statistical technique, used primarily with nominal or categorical data (e.g., rates of occurrence) which is used to discover if there is a relationship between two
categorical variables.

Assumptions.
Your two

variables should be measured at an ordinal or nominal level (i.e., categorical data). Your two variable should consist of two or more categorical, independent groups

Hypothesis
Null Hypothesis ( H0 ): there is no relation(independent) between variables Alternative Hypothesis ( H1 or Ha ): There is a relation (related) between variables

Important Table

Process
From the menus choose: Analyze Descriptive Statistics Crosstabs... In the Crosstabs dialog box, click Statistics. Select chi Square option

ANOVA
The one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is used with one categorical independent variable .Factor variable values should be integers, and the dependent variable should be quantitative (interval level of measurement).

Assumptions.
Each group is an independent random sample from a normal population. Analysis of variance is robust to departures from normality, although the data should be symmetric. The groups should come from populations with equal variances. To test this assumption, use Levene's homogeneityof-variance test.

Hypothesis

Ho:

H1:

Important Table

From the table we can conclude that the Sig value is less

Process
From the menus choose: Analyze Compare Means One-Way ANOVA... Select one or more dependent variables. Select a single independent factor variable.

Factor analysis
The variables should be quantitative at the interval or ratio level. Categorical data (such as religion or country of origin) are not suitable for factor analysis. Data for which Pearson correlation coefficients can sensibly be calculated should be suitable for factor analysis

Assumptions
The data should have a bivariate normal distribution for each pair of variables, and observations should be independent. The factor analysis model specifies that variables are determined by common factors (the factors estimated by the model) and unique factors (which do not overlap between observed variables); the computed estimates are based on the assumption that all unique factors are uncorrelated with each other and with the common factors.

Important Tables

KMO and Bartlett's Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square df Sig. .682 15219.606 120 .000

KMO

Communalities Initial Extraction Months with service Age in years Years at current address Years with current employer Number of people in household Long distance last month Household income in thousands 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 .752 .708 .576 .698

1.000 .341 1.000 .774 1.000 .457

Toll free last month Equipment last month Calling card last month Wireless last month Long distance over tenure Toll free over tenure Equipment over tenure Calling card over tenure Wireless over tenure

1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000

.859 .836 .567 .820 .813 .845 .865 .779 .806

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Total Variance Explained Componen t Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings Loadings

% of % of % of Varianc Cumulativ Varianc Cumulativ Varianc Cumulativ Total e e% Total e e% Total e e% 1 2 3 4 5 di me 6 nsi 7 on0 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 5.68 3 2.91 4 1.48 7 1.41 2 .974 .894 .700 .529 .424 .380 .227 .142 .123 .061 .036 .014 35.517 18.211 9.291 8.827 6.086 5.587 4.376 3.309 2.652 2.375 1.419 .885 .769 .384 .226 .087 35.517 53.728 63.020 71.846 77.932 83.519 87.895 91.204 93.856 96.231 97.650 98.535 99.304 99.688 99.913 100.000 5.68 3 2.91 4 1.48 7 1.41 2 35.517 18.211 9.291 8.827 35.517 53.728 63.020 71.846 4.11 5 2.76 1 2.31 0 2.31 0 25.718 17.255 14.437 14.436 25.718 42.973 57.410 71.846

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Component Matrixa Component

1 Months with service Age in years Years at current address Years with current employer Number of people in household Long distance last month Household income in thousands Toll free last month Equipment last month Calling card last month Wireless last month Long distance over tenure Toll free over tenure Equipment over tenure Calling card over tenure Wireless over tenure .818 .630 .617 .659

2 -.361 -.348 -.350

4 .411 .313 -.547

.779 .398 .513 .636 .387 .806 .702 .386 .778 .552 .303 .788 .799

-.302 .305 .648 -.353

.446

-.378

.688 .693

.511 -.428 -.315

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. a. 4 components extracted.

Rotated Component Matrixa Component 1 Months with service Age in years Years at current address Years with current employer Number of people in household Long distance last month Household income in thousands Toll free last month Equipment last month Calling card last month Wireless last month Long distance over tenure Toll free over tenure Equipment over tenure Calling card over tenure Wireless over tenure .802 .387 .483 .397 2 3 4 .740 .582 .695 -.551 .853 .633 .912 .904 .689 .748 .869 .351 .900 .858 .714 .507 .827 .510

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization. a. Rotation converged in 6 iterations.