EEP775 Telecom Networks Lab Assignment11

Prabhat Singh 2012JTM2435 April 17, 2013

Contents
1 PROBLEM STATEMENT 2 PRECAUTIONS 3 LOGIC USED 3.1 How to Create a subVI . . . 3.2 Pulse Width Modulation . . . 3.3 Pulse Width Demodulation . 3.4 Pulse Position Modulation . . 3.5 Pulse Position Demodulation . 2 3 4 4 5 6 6 7

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4 OUTPUT SNAPSHOTS 4.1 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Input Waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 PWM Modulated and Demodulated Signal 4.4 PPM Modulated and Demodulated Signal

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Chapter 1 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Perform PWM Modulation and Demodulation. Create separate subvi of PWM modulator and demodulator and use it to per- form PPM Modulation and Demodulation.

Chapter 2 PRECAUTIONS
1. Properly set the cuto frquency and order of lter to get the better result. 2. Add certain oset and set the proper scale on the axis to view the proper signal.

Chapter 3 LOGIC USED

3.1 How to Create a subVI

In order to simplify virtual instruments we generally decompose a virtual instrument into several sub-VIs where each sub-VI works as a module. SubVIs allows us to organize our LabView programs into a hierarchical form.

step1: Convert the block diagram into subVIs. While Doing this the inputs to the subVIs and outputs to the subVIs should have corresponding indicators. step2: As the front panel inputs and outputs have been created, we need to identify the Input terminals and output terminals which will come to and exit from VI. step3: Then create a connector Pane and assigned the inputs and outputs.

step4: This completes the conguration of the VI for the use as subVI or module by other VIs. step5: To use the subVIs in the main VI we need to import it.

3.2

Pulse Width Modulation

Pulse-width modulation (PWM) is a modulation technique, which converts an analog signal into a digital signal for transmission. The PWM converts an audio signal (the amplitude-varying signal) into a sequence of pulses having a constant frequency and amplitude, but the width of each pulse is proportional to the amplitude of the audio signal.It can be generated by square wave generator and the monostable circuits.But here i used the square wave generation method which is explained bellow. step1: Create sine and sawtooth signal blocks, set the amplitude, frequency, of sine as well as sawtooth waveform. step2: Use sine waveform and sawtooth signal as comparators two inputs such that the comparator will give ouput high whenever the amplitude of sawtooth wave is less than or equal to the sine wave otherwise the output is equal to 0. step3: Thus the output obtained from the comparator is nothing but the PW Modulated signal.

3.3

Pulse Width Demodulation

PWM Demodulation is the process to get original message signal back. The steps to perform the PWM demodulation are as follows. step1: Clamp the sawtooth signal to above zero level by applying positive clamp. step2: Multiply the clamped sawtooth waveform with the PWM signal. step3: Pass the multiplied signal through a butterworth LPF with appropriate cuto fre- quency.

3.4

Pulse Position Modulation

In Pulse Position modulation (PPM), the position of a pulse relative to its unmodulated time of occurrence is varied in accordance with the message signal.Amplitude and width of the pulses is kept constant in this method, while the position of each pulses, in relation to the position of a recurrent reference pulse is varied by each instantaneous sampled value of the modulating wave. PulsePosition Modulation has the advantage of requiring constant transmitter power output, but the disadvantages of depending on transmitter receiver is synchronization. We get Pulse Position Modulated signal by the help of PWM signal generated earlier in previous section. step1: Pass the PWM through an inverter circuit to invert the signal up side down. step2: Dierentiate this inverted PWM signal. This Dierentiation will give impulses at the discontinuity. step3: Pass this impulse signal through the comparator which will remove the negative impulses. ane produce the PPM signal at the output.

3.5

Pulse Position Demodulation

The steps to perform the PPM demodulation are as follows. step1: Invert the PPM signal. step2: Integrate the Inverted PPM signal which will give PWM signal. step3: Perform the PWM demodulation now.

Chapter 4 OUTPUT SNAPSHOTS

4.1 Block Diagram

4.2

Input Waveform

4.3

PWM Modulated and Demodulated Signal

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4.4

PPM Modulated and Demodulated Signal

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