Area, Production and productivity of cotton in India during last six decades Year 1950-51 1960-61 1970-71 1980-81

1990-91 1991-92 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 Area in lakh hectares 56.48 76.78 76.05 78.24 74.39 76.93 75.41 74.40 78.61 90.63 91.66 89.04 92.87 87.31 85.76 87.30 76.67 76.30 87.86 86.77 91.44 94.14 94.06 101.71 Production in lakh bales of 170 kgs 30.62 56.41 47.63 78.60 117.00 119.00 138.00 121.50 138.50 170.20 177.90 158.00 165.00 156.00 140.00 158.00 136.00 179.00 243.00 244.00 280.00 307.00 290.00 292.00 Yield kgs per hectare 92 124 106 170 267 263 311 278 300 319 330 302 302 304 278 308 302 399 470 478 521 554 524 488

Source : Cotton Advisory Board

Staple-wise production of cotton Quantity in lakh bales of 170 kgs

STAPLE GROUP 200001 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08

Short 9.50 (below 20.0 mm)

9.50

9.00

7.60

7.11

6.80

6.00 4.00

Medium/Medium 136.8 Long (20.5 to 27 74.00 82.50 72.00 75.90 64.00 54.00 63.00 0 mm) Long Staple (27.5 to 32.0 mm) Extra Long staple (32.5 mm & above) TOTAL 52.00 61.00 51.00 89.95 94.07 165.4 216.1 243.0 0 5 0

4.50

5.00

4.00

5.55

5.02

4.80

3.85 5.00

140.0 158.0 136.0 179.0 243.0 241.0 280.0 315.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Note : Staple-group-wise production figures are estimated

Staple-wise mill consumption of cotton (Non-SSI) Cotton year - October to September Figures in lakh bales of 170 kgs each 96-97 97-98 SHORT (below 20.0 mm) 11.3 8.2 98-99 6.13 99-00 7.27 2000- 2001- 2002- 2003- 200401 02 03 04 05 9.71 6.96 5.99 5.93 5.16

(7.51) (5.72) (4.21) (4.83) (6.50) (4.73) (4.20) (3.94) (3.15)

MEDIUM 53.79 45.04 42.19 47.83 46.05 38.57 38.05 36.29 50.4 (20.5 to (35.76 (31.44 (28.99 (31.76 (30.83 (26.24 (26.72 (24.13 25.5 (30.80) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) mm) MEDIUM 29.62 27.64 25.77 25.82 24.44 23.46 25.1 22.96 22.43 LONG (26.0 to (19.69 (19.30 (17.71 (17.15 (16.37 (15.96 (17.62 (15.27 (13.71) 27.5 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) mm) 47.63 53.68 58.18 47.31 43.79 47.67 53.02 70.3 71.57 LONG (28.0 to (31.67 (37.48 (39.98 (31.43 (29.32 (32.43 (37.23 (46.74 33.5 (43.74) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) mm) EXTRA 7.24 6.07 5.78 4.28 3.86 4.09 4.17 4.42 4.02 LONG (34 mm (4.82) (4.24) (3.97) (2.84) (2.58) (2.78) (2.93) (2.94) (2.46) & above) 149.58 140.63 138.05 132.51 127.85 120.75 126.33 139.9 153.58 TOTAL INDIAN (99.45 (98.18 (94.86 (87.99 (85.60 (82.14 (88.70 (93.02 (93.86) COTTON ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 0.83 2.61 7.48 18.08 21.51 26.25 16.09 10.49 10.05 FOREIG N (12.01 (14.40 (17.86 (11.30 (6.98) (6.14) COTTON (0.55) (1.82) (5.14) ) ) ) ) 150.41 143.24 145.53 150.59 149.36 147.00 142.42 150.39 163.63 GRAND TOTAL (100% (100% (100% (100% (100% (100% (100% (100% (100%) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 6.54 6.24 8.37 10.97 11.70 11.63 12.99 16.38

SSI Mills 7.50

Note : Figures in bracket indicate percentage to the total

Source : Office of the Textile Commissioner, Mumbai

State-wise Cotton consumption by the Textile Mills in '000 kgs States/Union Territories Andhra Pradesh Assam Bihar Delhi Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu & Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Orissa Punjab Rajasthan Tamil Nadu Uttaranchal Uttar Pradesh West Bengal Union Territories Dadra Nagar Haveli Daman & Diu Pondicherry Total 7851 4477 16368 2720981 13414 1425 15893 2701146 19670 172 15670 2699122 36268 104 17081 265200 4 33332 75 17989 2885643 2000-01 119396 1337 3225 -196647 134310 55805 3290 978 80239 41588 163864 334074 322 10137 242641 101619 1120379 20 62739 19675 2001-02 111350 1110 92 -228572 151141 53918 2238 1985 79311 40144 135365 314009 252 8673 233253 89795 1144191 503 55654 18858 2002-03 200304 2004-05 132035 97 --236196 95289 72730 2108 1404 82498 32882 148296 321338 -2445 293549 96929 1245826 -54330 16295

107193 124155 453 --116 ---

212919 198638 106495 64854 687 1393 79203 38338 93727 69322 23 1250 70318 30621

142154 145819 297043 271506 -7205 -5525

257219 265171 98276 1178287 19 55267 16605 94694 116089 1 27 51782 14966

Source : Office of the Textile Commissioner, Mumbai

Cotton Consumption by Organized Sector Textile Mills (Non-SSI Mills) and Small Scale Spinning Mills (SSI) Units (In lakh bales of 170 kgs each) . Non-SSI Mills Avg Avg Consumptio Consumptio n n
Year

SSI Mills

Cotton Cotton monthly monthly consumptio consumptio consumption consumption n n 158.30 149.78 145.53 150.59 149.36 147.00 142.42 150.39 163.98 182.00 13.20 12.48 12.13 12.55 12.45 12.25 11.87 12.53 13.67 15.17 7.89 6.54 6.24 8.37 10.97 11.70 11.63 12.99 16.57 20.00 0.66 0.55 0.52 0.70 0.91 0.98 0.97 1.08 1.58 1.67

1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 E: Estimated

Source: Office of the Textile Commissioner, Mumbai.

State-wise Cotton consumption by the Textile Mills in '000 kgs States/Union Territories Andhra Pradesh Assam Bihar Delhi Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu & Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Orissa Punjab Rajasthan Tamil Nadu Uttaranchal Uttar Pradesh West Bengal Union Territories Dadra Nagar Haveli Daman & Diu Pondicherry Total 7851 4477 16368 2720981 13414 1425 15893 2701146 19670 172 15670 2699122 36268 104 17081 2652004 33332 75 17989 2885643 2000-01 119396 1337 3225 -196647 134310 55805 3290 978 80239 41588 163864 334074 322 10137 242641 101619 1120379 20 62739 19675 2001-02 111350 1110 92 -228572 151141 53918 2238 1985 79311 40144 135365 314009 252 8673 233253 89795 1144191 503 55654 18858 2002-03 107193 453 --212919 106495 64854 687 1393 79203 38338 142154 297043 -7205 257219 98276 1178287 19 55267 16605 2003-04 124155 116 --198638 93727 69322 23 1250 70318 30621 145819 271506 -5525 265171 94694 1160891 27 51782 14966 2004-05 132035 97 --236196 95289 72730 2108 1404 82498 32882 148296 321338 -2445 293549 96929 1245826 -54330 16295

Source : Office of the Textile Commissioner, Mumbai

COTTON BALANCE SHEET (As drawn by the Cotton Advisory Board) Cotton year from October to September SUPPLY Opening stock 39.16 30.38 30.00 36.50 40.50 29.00 40.00 Crop size Imports Total Availability DEMAND consumption Small Mill consumption Non-Mill consumption Total consumption Export 150.41 143.24 145.53 150.60 149.36 147.00 142.42 150.39 163.98 182.00 194.89 203.00 203.00 7.89 6.54 6.24 8.37 10.97 11.70 11.63 13.00 16.57 20.00 21.26 23.00 14.48 15.00 15.88 15.00 23.00 15.00 24.00 21.00 72.00 52.00 47.50 43.00 Quantity in lakh bales of 170 kgs 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09

177.90 158.00 165.00 156.00 140.00 158.00 136.00 179.00 243.00 244.00 280.00 315.00 322.00 0.30 4.13 7.87 22.01 22.13 25.26 17.67 7.21 12.17 4.00 5.53 6.50

217.36 192.51 202.87 214.51 202.63 212.26 193.67 210.21 276.17 320.00 337.53 369.00 370.00

11.86 9.23

13.59 14.39 12.70 13.06 14.78 13.71

170.16 159.01 165.36 173.36 173.03 171.76 168.83 177.10 195.03 217.00 232.03 241.00 241.00 16.82 3.50 1.01 0.65 0.60 0.50 0.84 12.11 9.14 47.00 58.00 85.00 75.00

Total 186.98 162.51 166.37 174.01 173.63 172.26 169.67 189.21 204.17 264.00 290.03 326.00 316.00 disappearance Carry forward 30.38 30.00 36.50 40.50 29.00 40.00 24.00 21.00 Source : Cotton Advisory Board. 72.00 56.00 47.50 43.00 54.00

AREA, PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF COTTON (STATE-WISE) 1996-97 onwards. Year State Punjab 1996-97 Area in lakh hectares/ Production in lakh bales of 170 kgs/ Yield kgs per hectare 1997-98 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-01

Are Yiel Are Yiel Are Yiel Are Yie Are Yiel Prod Prod Prod Prod Prod a d a d a d a ld a d 7.42 16.0 36 17 15 28 34 7.27 7.25 5.62 5.00 4.75 7.85 4.74 9.50 0 7 0 1 1 1 13.5 35 24 20 10.6 33 10.0 30 6.38 9.00 5.82 7.00 5.46 5.55 0 4 0 4 5 2 0 6

Haryana 6.49

Rajastha 14.0 36 11.0 29 11.5 30 13.0 37 10.7 35 6.54 6.45 6.45 5.83 5.10 n 0 4 0 0 0 3 0 9 5 8 North total Gujarat 20.4 43.5 36 20.1 27.2 23 17.8 23.5 22 16.0 31.5 33 15.3 30.2 33 5 0 2 0 5 0 9 0 3 4 0 4 9 5 4 15.2 34.2 38 15.1 42.0 47 16.0 47.5 50 15.3 27.5 30 16.1 23.7 25 4 5 2 9 0 0 7 0 2 9 0 4 5 5 0

Maharas 30.8 33.0 18 31.3 21.5 11 31.9 26.5 14 32.5 38.0 19 30.7 18.2 10 htra 5 0 2 9 0 6 9 0 1 4 0 9 7 5 1 Madhya 18.7 60 22.5 74 18.7 63 15.5 50 19.2 64 5.27 5.17 5.01 5.25 5.06 Pradesh 5 5 0 0 5 6 0 2 5 7 Central total 51.3 86.0 28 51.7 86.0 28 53.0 92.7 29 53.1 81.0 25 51.9 61.2 20 6 0 5 5 0 3 7 5 7 8 0 9 8 5 0

Andhra 10.0 26.5 44 25.5 48 12.7 25.0 33 10.3 22.5 36 10.2 25.2 42 8.98 Pradesh 7 0 7 0 3 8 0 3 9 0 8 2 5 0 Karnata 22 24 24 22 23 6.68 9.00 5.18 7.50 6.08 8.75 5.40 7.00 5.60 7.75 ka 9 6 5 0 5 Tamil Nadu South Total Others TOTAL Loose lint 2.60 5.50 36 34 38 50 48 2.47 5.00 2.43 5.50 1.85 5.50 1.93 5.50 0 4 5 5 4

19.3 41.0 36 16.6 38.0 38 21.2 39.2 31 17.6 35.0 33 17.7 38.5 36 5 0 0 3 0 8 9 5 3 4 0 7 5 0 9 0.50 1.00 171. 50 6.40 34 30 34 56 26 0.56 1.00 0.62 1.25 0.45 1.50 0.64 1.00 0 4 3 7 6 152. 25 5.75 156. 75 8.25 149. 00 7.00 131. 00 9.00

GRAND 91. 177. 33 89. 158. 30 92. 165. 30 87. 156. 30 85. 140. 27 TOTAL 66 90 0 04 00 2 87 00 2 31 00 4 76 00 8 Year State Punjab 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06

Are Yiel Are Yiel Are Yiel Are Yie Are Yiel Prod Prod Prod Prod Prod a d a d a d a ld a d 6.00 9.25 26 4.49 7.50 28 4.52 10.3 38 5.09 16.5 55 5.57 21.0 61

Minimum Support Prices in Rs.per quintal Basic Staple Lengt h 01- 02- 03- 04- 05- 06(2.5% 02 03 04 05 06 07 span length ) 133 133 137 140 140 141 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 125 128 131 131 132 0 0 5 0 0 0 22.0 mm 23.00 mm 23.0 mm 24.0 mm 24.0 mm 25.0 mm 25.00 mm 24.5 mm 25.5 mm 156 156 160 164 164 166 0 0 5 0 0 5 156 156 160 164 164 165 0 0 5 0 0 0 148 148 153 156 156 166 5 5 0 0 0 5 159 159 164 167 167 168 5 5 0 5 5 5 159 159 164 167 167 168 5 5 0 5 5 5 162 162 166 170 170 171 0 0 5 0 0 0 -167 5 -157 162 165 165 166 5 0 0 0 0 ------

Sr. No.

Variety

07-08

08-09

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Assam Comilla Bengal Desi V-797 Jayadhar G. Cot 12/13 AK/Y-1 NHH 44 Marathwada & Khandesh NHH 44 (Vidharbha) PCO-2 (AP & Karnataka) F-414/H-777/J34 Raj

1440 1350 1700 1680 1700 1735 1735 1760 1690 1800 1850

F-414/H-777/J11 34 Hyb Rajasthan

167 172 176 176 177 5 5 0 0 0 169 175 178 180 185 5 0 5 0 0 171 178 181 183 189 5 0 5 5 0

F414/H-777/J-34 26.5 12 Hybrid mm (Haryana) 13 F414/H-777/J-34 27.5 Hybrid (Punjab) mm 25.5 mm

---

1900 1950 1845 1885 1900

14 AHH-468 15

170 170 175 178 178 180 0 0 0 5 5 5 175 175 180 183 183 184 0 0 0 5 5 5 175 175 180 183 183 183 0 0 0 5 5 5 180 180 185 188 188 189

1007/Jhurar/DHY 27.0 -286 mm 26.0 mm 28.0

16 LRA 5166

ANNUAL AVERAGE PRICES OF KAPAS FOR IMPORTANT VARIETIES Prices in Rs per quintal YEAR 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09* BENGAL DESI 1168 1773 1883 1443 1438 1833 1875 1962 1689 1738 1871 2351 J-34 1770 2101 2080 1836 2068 1828 2218 2591 1844 1999 2133 2523 LRA 1786 2095 2037 1835 2103 1750 2110 2470 1835 ---H-4 1905 2186 2135 1909 2207 1891 2215 2533 2003 2002 2168 2483 S-6 2010 2278 2141 2067 2310 1901 2323 2632 2037 2058 2280 2613 DCH-32 2316 2973 2532 2732 2784 -2927 3152 2840 4111 3034 2827

Source: CCI Branch Offices

Year-wise/Month-wise prices of lint cotton announced by the Cotton Association of India, Mumbai Prices in Rs per candy spot Year
96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08

Oct
8,850 11,447 13,173 12,004 10,305 13,648 14,282 13,487 14,295 12,848 14,705 15,426 15,950 18,356 17,195 15,942 16,645 15,576 14,973 20,243 15,629 14,739 15,974 17,213

Nov
8,879 11,627 15,004 11,282 11,684 13,657 14,645 14,296 13,786 14,120 14,621 15,324 15,388 17,746 17,458 14,391 17,640 13,910 15,690 20,765 14,682 15,060 15,613 17,986

Dec
8,100 12,691 14,720 10,348 11,246 13,595 14,033 13,917 12,692 14,271 14,405 16,810 13,868 17,583 16,548 13,408 18,158 13,785 16,504 20,348 13,964 15,842 15,475 18,420

Jan
7,980 14,386 14,513 10,280 10,462 13,020 12,207 14,858 12,600 13,627 13,923 17,052 14,465 19,017 16,235 13,872 17,846 13,356 16,363 21,871 15,100 15,464 15,364 19,348

Feb
7,700 14,427 13,575 10,346 10,295 13,038 13,300 15,628 11,795 13,033 13,975 16,855 14,352 19,463 16,179 14,875 17,841 13,083 17,704 22,022 13,895 15,095 16,415 19.,705

Mar
8,639 14,852 13,283 10,446 10,552 13,250 13,483 15,459 11,984 12,691 146,00 18,467 15,209 19,317 16,000 15,746 17,957 12,923 19,065 20,800 14,692 15,104 17,760 20,181

Apr
8,827 14,890 12,710 10,547 11,432 13,592 14,347 15,655 12,195 13,479 14,845 19,264 15,390 19,333 15,990 15,932 18,047 13,672 20,605 21,320 14,557 16,074 18,300 20,390

May
9,200 15,100 13,317 11,496 12,104 13,992 14,425 15,735 13,032 13,475 14,750 21,132 16,483 19,369 16,413 17,308 18,404 14,068 20,750 21,780 15,286 16100 18,214 22,286

Jun
10,229 15,291 13,765 12,000 12,900 14,492 14,448 16,275 13,083 13,617 15,000 23,709 17,758 20,096 16,977 17,980 19,188 14,664 20,974 21,438 15,630 16458 18,550 25,222

Jul
9,950 15,638 13,792 11,500 12,600 14,637 15,055 13,000 12,980 14,413 15,904 24,808 17,569 19,646 17,712 18,217 18,592 15,530 22,068 21,568 15,700 16791 19,417 27,263

Aug
11,138 15,190 13,504 10,339 12,116 14,838 14,033 17,496 12,936 149,76 15,952

Sept

25890 26523
17,867 18,409 17,621 18,139 17,689 15,500 21,462 21,496 15,527 17305 19,430

26738
20,376 20,514 19,067 19,222 18,789 17,829 21,881 22,143 15,764 18,300 19,848

26814

96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08

19,750 20,352 19,652 19,092 19,295 17,208 17,227 22,287 17,690 16,174 17,632 19,074

18,700 19,614 19,045 18,141 20,540 15,067 17,155 22,265 16,927 16,635 17,279 19,057

17,920 19,270 18,712 17,276 21,146 14,930 17,896 21,274 15,448 17,300 17,045 18,935

17,865 20,486 19,291 17,280 20,400 14,612 17,837 22,625 16,900 17,214 16,950 19,791

17,326 20,322 18,871 17,667 19,736 14,100 19,013 22,917 14,643 16,771 17,865 20,509

17,657 20,309 18,087 17,842 19,061 14,006 20,413 21,945 15,028 16,643 18,690 21,229

18,427 20,514 18,357 18,632 19,337 14,780 21,226 22,170 15,852 16,984 19,050 21,600

19,388 20,173 18,733 18,918 19,808 14,864 21,283 22,170 15,732 16,604 18,286 22,750

20,033 20,633 19,050 19,032 20,188 15,392 21,339 22,121 15,765 16,429 18,613 24,635

19,892 20,842 19,296 19,196 19,284 16,807 22,323 23,000 15,870 17,070 19,674 27,688

27690 Aug
21,376 21,647

27936 Sept

Year
96-97 97-98

Oct
20,450 20,765

Nov
19,188 20,109

Dec
18,500 19,754

Jan
18,590 21,417

Feb
18,152 21,200

Mar
18,704 21,322

Apr
19,659 21,171

May
20,400 20,760

Jun
20,945 21,570

Jul
20,573 22,080

Cotton imports in India - 1996-97 onwards Quantity Year 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09* (in lakh bales Value of 170 kgs.) (Rs./Crores) 0.30 4.13 7.87 22.01 22.13 25.26 17.67 7.21 12.17 5.00 5.53 6.50 5.00 56.42 497.93 772.64 1967.92 2029.18 2150.01 1789.92 880.10 1338.04

565.21 N.A. N.A. --

Source: Cotton Advisory Board for Quantity figures

Note: Value figures are estimated NA : Not applicable (A): Anticipated

COTTON EXPORTS FROM INDIA FROM 1996-97 ONWARDS

Year 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

Quantity (in lakh bales of 170 kgs) 16.82 3.50 1.01 0.65 0.60 0.50 0.83 12.11 9.14 47.00

Value in Rs/Crores 1655.00 313.62 86.72 52.15 51.43 44.40 66.31 1089.15 657.34 3951.35 5232.09 N.A. N.A.

58.00 85.00 75.00

Source: Cotton Advisory Board for Quantity figures Note: Value figures are estimated NA : Not applicable (A): Anticipated

OILmeals
Better overseas realisation, a higher forex rate and improved domestic availability pushed oilmeal exports up 14 per cent in August. Data compiled by the Mumbai-based Solvent Extractors Association of India (SEA) show overall oilmeal exports at 244,075 tonnes in August as compared to 214,807 tonnes in the corresponding month last year.
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Total exports in April-August, however, recorded a marginal two per cent rise at 1,021,957 tonnes, as compared to 1,002,664 tonnes in the same period last year. In the first quarter of the current financial year, oilmeal shipment continuously declined due to drastic fall in prices. The availability, especially of soybean meal, was also reduced due to farmers reluctance to supply to mills for crushing, in anticipation of higher prices. Now, stockists and farmers have realised that holding soybean is unlikely to fetch higher value, on estimates of a bumper crop this kharif harvesting season. Nearly 35 per cent of about 9.5 million tonnes of soybean was held with farmers and stockists before this kharif season, beginning June. Now, the quantity is being released gradually. As a consequence, oilmeal exports started picking up gradually in July, which recorded total shipment of 241,182 tonnes, a rise of 39 per cent from 173,329 tonnes in the same month last year. Experts believe this will continue in the coming months as well. Since June, realisation in the overseas market has improved. The average soybean meal price shot up sharply to $374 a tonne in August, a sharp rise from $349 a tonne in June. Similarly, ricebran extraction price also shot up to $185 per tonne from $171 a tonne in the month under consideration. The prices of rapeseed meal and castorseed meal, in contrast, declined marginally to $224 a tonne and $74 a tonne in August, from $227 a tonne and $75 a tonne in June, respectively. Indias export to South Korea was reported at 155,893 tonnes in April-August, consisting of 96,212 tonnes of rapeseed meal, 54,631 tonnes of castor seed meal and 5,050 tonnes of soybean meal. During the same period of last year, however r, South Korea imported 160,316 tonnes of oilmeal from India. China reported import of 176,261 tonnes, comprising 150,303 tonnes of rapeseed meal, 13,371 tonnes of groundnut meal, 11,982 tonnes of soybean meal and 605 tonnes of castorseed meal. The country reported an import of 156,892 tonnes in April-August last year. Japan reported an import of 265,264 tonnes as compared to 113,763 tonnes in the previous year. Total export to Japan consisted of 249,964 tonnes of soybean meal and 15,300 tonnes of rape seed meal. Vietnam imported 45,208 tonnes compared to 269,328 tonnes last year, consisting of 85,153 tonnes of soybean meal, 18,605 tonnes of rape seed meal and entire 41,450 tonnes of rice bran extraction

PORT-WISE SOYBEAN MEAL EXPORTS 2009-2010 (OCTOBER - SEPTEMBER) Port/Month Oct'09 Nov'09 Dec'09 Jan'10 Feb'10 Mar'10 Apr'10 May'10 Jun'10 Jul'10 Aug'10 Sep'10 Total Bedi Kandla Kakinada Mundra Vizag Pipavav Magdalla Bhavnagar Porbunder Total 18700 41000 34605 26200 22600 20000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8696 0 0 0 0 0 5570 0 0 0 0 0 6050 0 0 0 0 0 6600 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10900 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 110939 145987 183513 137991 81931 80706 10179 29467 21499 20400 37280 19334 21799 11000 3353 29355 67050 2306 11000 33276

174005

851004

207361

26916

Mumbai/JNPT 59141 80479 81521 66719 88283 47356 36328 43669 55423 60296

619215

218247 297661 325609 274240 218748 169861 57507 60228 95778 160622

1878501

PORT-WISE SOYBEAN MEAL EXPORTS 2008-2009 (OCTOBER - SEPTEMBER) Port/Month Bedi Kandla Kakinada Mundra Vizag Mumbai/JNPT Pipavav Magdalla Bhavnagar Porbunder Total

Oct'08 Nov'08 Dec'08 Jan'09 Feb'09 Mar'09 Apr'09 May'09 Jun'09 Jul'09 Aug'09 Sep'09 Total 25200 86970 72830 61750 42679 20455 0 9300 0 0 0 0 319184 31454 327663 393579 314708 207264 138538 42584 48500 64301 23673 65445 85166 1742875 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11000 51604 39000 77025 7200 17682 7200 7800 0 11000 21000 250511 0 58810 16842 61775 23950 18800 0 8800 0 0 0 10223 199200 35770 178933 128324 78501 30169 37883 23628 15356 28732 34367 50854 55788 698305 0 0 1345 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1345 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 780 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1180 92424 663776 665304 555734 381087 222876 83894 89156 100833 58040 127299 172177 3212600

PORT-WISE SOYBEAN MEAL EXPORTS 2007-2008 (OCTOBER - SEPTEMBER) Port/Month Bedi Kandla Kakinada Mundra Vizag Mumbai/JNPT Pipavav Magdalla Bhavnagar Porbunder

Oct'07 Nov'07 Dec'07 Jan'08 Feb'08 Mar'08 Apr'08 May'08 Jun'08 Jul'08 Aug'08 Sep'08 Total 22886 117125 99873 115200 89739 112340 58923 42108 7600 0 4485 10550 680829 102542 218050 276309 374441 331423 318986 354587 167621 119794 112478 135038 29384 2540653 0 0 0 5460 0 4100 19251 0 8316 0 5802 0 42929 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31650 26700 80800 71500 36500 18000 11000 13820 57000 4200 3908 355078 42246 162509 145603 147920 147543 133692 99419 85886 91988 115512 62785 24600 1259703 2778 1934 2897 705 234 234 0 0 0 0 0 0 8782 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 5: Major importers of fresh onions from India 1997-98 Country Quantity (tonnes) Value (000 Rs.) Malaysia 78376 509586 UAE 85532 466339 Singapore 32441 302055 Sri Lanka 57208 288731 Bangladesh 50035 259739 Saudi Arabia 13114 92264 Mauritius 5096 29257 Kuwait 5067 26980 Bahrain 1633 12873 Maldives 807 4365 Others 3691 32421 Table 2: State-wise area and production of onion in India (TE 1998-99) State Andhra Pradesh Bihar Gujarat Karnataka Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Orissa Tamil Nadu Uttar Pradesh Others India Area (000 ha) 27.03 19.87 30.73 84.80 21.30 87.97 45.27 29.07 28.67 35.50 683.53 Production (000 mt) 392.67 159.67 837.37 486.13 295.53 981.20 270.00 246.57 319.37 273.73 6702.23

The contributions of various sectors in the Indian GDP for 2007-2008 are as follows: Agriculture: - 17% Industry: - 29% Service Sector: - 54%

GDP composition by sector during 2008-09: Services 57.0%, Agriculture 17.1%, and Industry 25.9% Composition of GDP Services: Industry: Agriculture: 17.1% 57.0% 25.9%

MSC Agency, which has claimed innocence in the MSC Chitra and MV Khalija III collision incident, today said that its 189 containers, which had fallen off the cargo ship, are still unaccounted for.

While 111 containers on board the MSC Chitra have been removed, as many as 189 containers are still to be accounted for, MSC Agency's CEO, Capt Deepak Tewari, told reporters here. Charging MV Khalija III for being responsible for the collision between the two cargo vessels which resulted in an oil spill off the Mumbai coast, Tewari said, "We are innocent. The ship (MSC Chitra) moving out of the harbour was on the right track. It was MV Khalija-III which collided with us leading to a breach in Chitra's oil tank and thus leading to the oil spill." Tewari said that the 189 unaccounted containers were in and around the vicinity of MSC Chitra. Around 270 containers are still on the deck, he said.Nine containers carrying hazardous materials had fallen off MSC Chitra after the collision, Tewari said. "We have been able to retrieve one of them. The remaining eight are still in the water which we have not been able to locate," he said. Of these eight, six contain caustic soda, one contains organo-phosphorous pesticide and the other phosphine, he said.The company has spent nearly USD 10 million in carrying out cleaning and surveying operations of the surroundings, he said. "We have also made an advance payment of Rs one crore to MPCB for use in pollution clean-up operation undertaken by it through the local district authorities," Tewari said. The company has to pay a total of Rs three crore to the authority. Asked about the extent of the oil spill, he said it could be of the order of 100 to 300-400 tonnes. The ship carried nearly 3,300 tonnes of oil, diesel, lubes and fuel, he said. "We will be able to know the extent of the spillage only after all the containers are removed. The salvors will be able to access the damage (oil spill) only after all the containers are removed," he said. He also did not rule out the possibility that there will be no further oil spillage. "There is a possibility that some more oil spillage could have occurred. But our effort is to clear the cargo as soon as possible," he said.

MSC Chitra was an innocent victim in the crash and we will sue the owners of MV Khalijia-3 once the investigation is over," said Capt D.K. Tewari, chief executive officer of the Indian unit of MSC when addressing the press last week. "We will go 10 levels ahead to fight the case for all the damages and losses created by this collision. The decision to sue Gulf Rocks, the Kuwaiti owner of MV Khalijia-3, has been taken by the Mediterranean Shipping Co. almost a month and half after the vessel MV Khalijia collided with MSC Chitra on August 7 th 2010 shutting down Indias two largest ports for almost a week. Capt. Tewari said the simplified voyage data recorder, similar to a black box in a plane, indicates that MSC Chitra was not at fault and was on the right hand side of the channel in accordance with navigation rules. The Khalijia-3 entered the navigation channel at the wrong time and at the wrong angle. It was meant to enter the channel at a parallel angle. Instead it was perpendicular to the channel. As a result the Khalijia-3 occupied almost the entire length of the channel. So far MSC has made an advance payment of $218,000 to the Maharashtra Pollution Control Board against the demand for $654,000 for cleaning-up operations across the Maharashtra coastline. Capt

Tewari claimed that the cost for salvaging operations and clean up has already cost MSC over $ 10 million. The exact estimate for the loss of the vessel could not be ascertained until the salvors remove all the cargo and straighten up the vessel. A claim settlement system has already been put in place to deal with shippers whose cargo was on board the vessel.

When asked to comment on the proposed legal steps which MSC planned to take Dr. S. B. Agnihotri, Director General of Shipping said, It would be wrong for me to make a statement at this stage when investigations are still underway and the report of the committee is awaited.

On the day of the collision MSC claims to have immediately opened channels of communication with the Directorate General of Shipping. Simultaneously the internationally renowned SMIT Salvors were appointed and activated mobilization of salvage operations to retrieve the runaway containers, prevent further oil spill and stabilize the vessel. Besides, they Informed ITOPF about the oil spill and arranged to bring the ITOPF oil pollution experts to the pollution site.

According to MSC it is the lack of infrastructure besides the delays caused due to lengthy customs procedures that prevented the company for taking measures to contain further damage from taking place. A company spokesman pointed out that if such an accident were to occur in some foreign port the damage would have been much less. It is not that salvaging people are not available. Top international salvors can be brought in at any time even here in India. Abroad equipment would have been made available at short notice but here it takes time to find out what equipment exists with the port and the authorities to combat such catastrophe.

The Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT) has received eight initial bids for developing the Rs 6 billion fourth container terminal at the port. The bids have been received from DP World Private Limited, L&T Transco Private Limited, Group Maritime TCB-Eredene Capital Plc, Mundra Port and Special Economic Zone Limited, Sterlite Industries Limited-Leighton Contractors (India) Private Limited, ABG Infralogistics LimitedIL&FS Maritime Infrastructure Company Limited, Vadinar Oil Terminal Limited-Essar Ports and Terminals Limited, and SEW Infrastructure Limited.

7 entities shortlisted for Rs 6,700-crore JNPT terminal

Ruchika Chitravanshi
| 2010-07-30 02:01:00

DP World, PSA, Essar, Lanco and GVK are among the seven shortlisted entities for the Rs 6,700-crore fourth container terminal project of Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT), at Navi Mumbai, according to sources in the shipping ministry. The terminal is expected to add 57.6 million tonne capacity to the port. This is the second time the terminal has been put up for bidding. The first round of bidding was cancelled by the shipping ministry, as the bid failed to attract enough participation. One of the interested parties, Gateway Terminals India (GTI), was disqualified from participating in the first bidding process due to "security reasons", said a senior official in the shipping ministry. "The Supreme Court has allowed us to go ahead with the project, as it would add substantial capacity to the port. Our final decision will be subject to the views of the court," the official told Business Standard. GTI is a joint venture (JV) between APM Terminals, which operates the third container terminal of JNPT, and government-controlled Container Corporation of India. The JV did not take part in the current round of bidding. GTI had contested the disqualification decision in the Bombay High Court. After losing the case, it appealed in the Supreme Court last year. The matter is still sub judice. DP World operates the Nhava Sheva International Container Terminal at JNPT. A total of nine companies participated in the bidding process. The other six qualified entities are a consortium of GVK and Samsung Corporation, Essar group, Sterlite Industries and Leighton Contractors, Mundra Port and SEZ and Adani Enterprises, Lanco Infratech, and PSA and ABG Ports. Among those who did not qualify was L&T Transco Pvt Ltd. Stressing the need to have another terminal at JNPT, a shipping analyst, who did not want to be named, said the port was the biggest in India and one of the largest container terminals in South Asia. "There is a lot of congestion in the port and it is important to have another container terminal. If everything goes well, the new terminal should be ready by 2014," he said.

India: A Cotton Giant

India is a major player in the world cotton market.
Rachael Davis

A ccording to India's Ministry of Textiles, India was the first country in the world to domesticate
cotton for the production of cotton fabrics, when members of the Indus Valley Civilization began to grow the fiber in 1750 BC for manufacturing textiles. TEXPROCIL, India's Cotton Textiles Export Promotion Council, states the earliest written reference to cotton is in India, in the Rig-Veda, recorded in 1500 BC.

Agricultural Significance
Cotton is one of India's chief crops, employing approximately 6 million farmers, and indirectly employing an additional 40 million to 50 million people in activities related to its cultivation, processing and trade. Because the textile sector provides the second-highest number of jobs after agriculture, growth and development of cotton cultivation and the cotton industry will impact markedly India's overall economic development. According to the Ministry of Textiles' 2009-2010 Annual Report, out of all cotton-producing countries, India ranks first in cotton-cultivated area, accounting for 9 million hectares of land and 25 percent of total cotton-cultivated land in the world. The Ministry points out that India is behind other countries with regard to productivity, accounting for only 20 percent of world cotton production, in large part because 65 percent of cotton-cultivated lands depend on rainfall and 35 percent are irrigated.
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India has the distinction of being the only country to grow all four cultivated cotton species: Gossypium arboreum and herbaceum (Asian cotton); G. barbadense (Egyption cotton); and G. hirsutum (American Upland cotton). Although the country produces more than 75 cotton varieties and hybrids, 25 varieties make up 98 percent of cotton production. There are three principal cotton production zones: the Northern zone, including Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan; the Central zone, including Maharashtra, Madhaya Pradesh and Gujarat; and the Southern zone, including Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Cotton also is produced in the eastern state of Orissa. Over the years, India's cotton industry has developed improved varieties and hybrids in different staple length groups and implemented improved production and plant protection technologies. Cotton farmers have increased the acreage being planted with genetically modified Bt varieties, which not only has led to increased net earnings and decreased pesticide usage, but also has improved cotton yields. The area under Bt cultivation during the 2008-09 cotton season, which runs from October to September, increased by 6 percent, to around 73 percent of India's total cultivated land acreage, putting the country in first place globally with regard to Bt cotton acreage.

Production
India ranks second in cotton production behind China. The Cotton Corp. of India Ltd., a governmental marketing agency for cotton, reports the country's output for the 2009-10 cotton

season is estimated at a record 29.2 million bales of 170 kilograms (kg) each, with cotton cultivated area totaling 10.2 million hectares and yielding 488 kg of cotton per hectare. The Ministry of Textiles has projected that by 2012, the final year of the 11th Five Year Plan, cotton production will total 39 million bales and the yield per hectare will increase to 700 kg. According to the Confederation of Indian Textile Industry (CITI), in 2008-09, India produced 2.9 billion kg of spun cotton yarn, 0.7 billion kg of cotton-blend yarn, 26.9 billion square meters (m2) of cotton fabric and 6.8 billion m2 of cotton-blend fabrics. In that year, India's exports of raw cotton including waste were valued at 2,865.9 crore rupees, or US$623.1 million; and its exports of cotton yarn, fabric and made-up items were valued at 18942.3 crore rupees, or US$4118.5 million. The India Cotton and Products Annual 2010, a report published by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, references data from the Ministry of Textiles indicating the top destination for India's cotton exports from October 2009 to March 2010 was China, which imported 2.3 million 480pound bales. Bangladesh imported 631,000 bales; followed by Pakistan, 284,000 bales; Hong Kong, 167,000 bales; Indonesia, 142,000 bales; Vietnam, 136,000 bales; and Turkey, 121,000 bales. Other top destinations for India's cotton exports include Taiwan, Thailand and Malaysia. India's textile industry consumes a wide variety of fibers and yarn, but cotton is the primary raw material used by the industry, which, according to the Ministry of Textiles, comprises 1,608 spinning mills and 200 composite mills, with an installed capacity of 35.61 million spindles, 448,000 open-end rotors and 69,000 looms in the organized sector; plus 1,219 small-scale spinning units with 4 million spindles and some 157,000 rotors in the small-scale decentralized sector. Domestically, the usage ratio of cotton to man-made fibers and filament yarns is approximately 56:46. The decentralized hosiery sector leads in cotton cloth production, with 6,556 million m2 in 2009-10; followed by the decentralized powerlooms sector, with 6,252 million m2; the handlooms sector, with 3,448 million m2; and the mill sector, with 726 million m2.

Organic Cotton
Organic Exchange's (OE's) fourth annual Organic Cotton Farm and Fiber Report 2009 revealed that despite the global recession, the organic cotton market experienced strong growth in 2009, far outpacing growth in the conventional cotton market. Global organic cotton production in 200809 increased 20 percent over 2007-08, from 145,872 metric tons to 175,113 metric tons cultivated on 253,000 hectares. OE predicts the worldwide organic cotton market will increase by 20 to 40 percent in both 2010 and 2011 to total an estimated US$5.1 billion and US$6 billion, respectively. Of the 22 countries worldwide that grow organic cotton, India is the leading producer, with production in 2008-09 measuring 107,510 metric tons, representing approximately 61 percent of global organic cotton production. Most of India's organic cotton is produced in Gujarat, Madhya Pradhesh, Maharashtra, Orissa and Andhra Pradesh. The Cotton Association of India reports that out of 3.5 million bales of cotton exported from India in 2008-09, more than 100,000 were organic cotton. The Organic Cotton Advisory Board, headed by the textile commissioner, was formed on Oct. 14, 2008, to oversee India's organic cotton industry.

Government Assistance
India's government has put into effect numerous policies to help grow its cotton industry. The Cotton Corp. of India has established developmental programs such as the Contract Farming project in all cotton-producing states, to provide technology that has enabled farmers to increase the yield per hectare and improve quality; and to distribute genetically pure certified seeds and pesticides. Literature detailing best management practices is also made available. In the 2008-09 season, 46,837 hectares of land were cultivated under the Contract Farming project, which increased yield per hectare by some 74 percent, from 302 kg in 2002-03 to 526 kg in 2008-09.

The Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme the leading program of the Ministry of Textiles originally was created in 1999 to provide credit at reduced rates to enable entrepreneurs to upgrade technologies of existing textile operations and bring online new operations with innovative technology to strengthen their competitive positions both in India and globally. The government has extended the scheme until 2012.

Export Restrictions
According to the Ministry of Textiles, cotton yarn prices, which had been experiencing a consistent increase in the previous year, in November 2009 began rising significantly in India because the surge of exports was reducing the domestic availability of cotton yarn. Though the Indian government earlier had imposed a 3-percent tax on cotton exports, it suspended registration of export contracts prior to the shipment of raw cotton, cotton waste and carded/combed cotton from April 19, 2010, in an effort to control rising prices and bolster supplies in the domestic market. Then in May, the Directorate General of Foreign Trade moved cotton exports from "free" to the "restricted" list, permitting shipments only under license. The Cotton Association of India reports the Commerce Secretary of the Government of India was quoted to have stated that raw cotton exports will be on Open General License without any restrictions as of October 1, indicating the ban will be lifted (See " The Rupp Report: Cotton Supply Challenges," www.TextileWorld.com, August 3, 2010).

India's Trade with Different Countries/Alliances

India's total external trade (exports plus imports including re-exports) in the year 1990-91 stood at Rs.91,893 crore. Since then, this has witnessed continuous increase with occasional downturns. During 2008-09 the value of India's external trade reached Rs.20,72,438 crore. India's exports during 2008-09 reached a level of Rs.7,66,935 crore registering a growth of 16.9 per cent. In US $ terms, exports reached a level of US$168.7 billion, registering a growth of 3.5 per cent as compared to a growth of 29.1 per cent during the previous year. The growth of exports during the year has exhibited a significant slow-down from September 2008 onwards. While, during the first half of the year 2008-09, AprilSeptember, exports increased by 31.3 per cent with almost all the major commodity groups, except increased by 31.3 per cent with almost all the major commodity groups, except marine products, handicrafts and carpets, recording significant growth. In the second half of the year 2008-09, October-March, exports recorded a decline of (-) 19.2 per cent with almost all the commodity groups recording significant negative growth. During 2008-09 imports increased to Rs.13,05,503 from the level of Rs.10,12,312 crore in 2007-08 registering growth of 29.0 per cent in rupee terms. In US $ terms, imports reached a level of US $ 287.8 billion in 2008-09 registering a growth of 14.4 percent. Oil imports were valued at US $ 93.2 billion, which was higher by 16.9 percent over the previous year. Non-Oil imports increased to US $ 194.6 billion, which was higher by 13.2 per cent. Items which registered significant growth are Pearl, Precious & SemiPrecious Stones, Crude & Manufactured Fertilizer, Coal, Inorganic Chemicals, Project Goods, etc. Import of Gold and Transport Equipment registered significant decline.

The Trade deficit during 2008-09 increased to Rs.(-) 538568 crore as against Rs.(-) 356449 crore during 2007-08. In US $ terms, trade deficit increased to US & 119.1 billion from a level of US & 88.5 billion during 2007-08. India has trading relations with all the major trading blocks and geographical regions of the world. During the period 2008-09 (April-February), the share of Asia and ASEAN region comprising South Asia, East Asia, Mid-Eastern and Gulf countries accounted for 51.4 per cent of India's total exports. The share of Europe and America in India's exports stood at 23.8 per cent and 16.5 per cent respectively of which EU countries (27) comprises 22.3 per cent. During the period, USA (12.0 per cent), has been the most important country of export destination following by United Arab Emirates (10.8 percent), China (5.1 per cent), Singapore (4.7 per cent), Netherlands (3.7 per cent), Hong Kong (3.7 per cent), U.K. (3.6 per cent), Germany (3.4 per cent), Saudi Arabia (3.0 percent), Belgium (2.6 per cent) and Italy (2.2 per cent). Asia and ASEAN accounted for 61.7 per cent of India's total imports during the period followed by Europe (18.7 per cent) and America (10.1 per cent). Among individual countries the share of China stood highest at (10.7 per cent) followed by Saudi Arabia (7.1 percent), UAE (6.4 percent) and USA (6.0 percent), Iran (4.3 percent), Switzerland (4.2 per cent), Germany (3.6 per cent), Kuwait (3.4 percent), Nigeria (3.2 percent), and Iraq (2.8 percent). (P) Provisional Figures External Trade With Other Countries During 2007-08 and 2008-09 Exports (April-Feb) Imports (April-Feb) Region 2007-08 2008-09(P) 2007-08(P) 2008-09(P) 1. Europe 1,33,151 1,65,925 1,75,335 2,23,813 1.1 EU countries 1,23,219 1,55,266 1,27,315 1,61,593 27 1.2 Other WE 9,553 10,123 47,881 62,115 countries 1.3 East Europe 379 536 138 106 2. Africa 38,062 44,922 51,519 60,151 2.1 Southern 13,058 12,393 17,868 29,377 Africa 2.2 West Africa 12,851 13,204 35,614 48,514 2.3 Central Africa 934 1,372 189 632 2.4 East Africa 15,126 18,687 1,158 1,158 3. America 98,900 1,14,966 79,780 1,21,381 3.1 North America 79,880 89,476 56,281 80,825 3.2 Latin America 10,019 45,490 23,498 40,556 4. Asia and Asean 2,96,287 3,57,982 5,43,551 7,39,622 4.1 East Asia 5,070 6,719 30,783 40,230

4.2 ASEAN 4.3 WANA 4.4 NE Asia 4.5 South Asia 5. CIS & Baltics 5.1 CARs Countries 5.2 Other CIS Countries 6. Unspecified Region Total

56,663 1,08,920 92,974 32,659 6,101 826 5,275 1,482 5,77,889

75,357 1,44,039 96,846 35,020 7,623 1,047 6,577 4,346 6,96,498

82,289 2,58,645 1,64,030 7,805 14,238 419 13,818 2,666 8,70,399

1,06,418 3,56,716 2,28,746 7,513 28,793 1,157 27,636 4,710 11,98,360

India-Europe Trade
Europeans countries account for about 21.5 per cent of India's total trade while India's exports to Europe during 2006-07 were US$ 28.87 billion. During this year, bilateral trade increased by 26 per cent over 2005-06. While India's export to Europe recorded a growth of 17 per cent, India's import from Europe grew by 33 per cent. The top five items of India's exports to Europe are ready-made garments including accessories, gems & jewellery, machinery & instruments, petroleum (crude & products) and transport equipment. The top five items of India's imports from Europe are machinery (except electrical & electronics), pearls/precious, semi-previous stones, electronic goods, transport equipments and iron & steel.

Trade and Investment relations with European Union

The European Union (EU) presently consists of 27 countries. These countries are Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, The Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, UK, Bulgaria and Romania. India and EU enjoy healthy economic relations. These relations have been built on the foundation of (i) India-EU Cooperation Agreement on Partnership and Development which came into effect in August, 1994 and (ii) India-EU Strategic Partnership which was announced in September, 2005. India also has bilateral economic Agreements with a number of individual EU countries in the areas of trade, investments and avoidance of double taxation. India has agreements for investments and promotions/protections with 22 countries of Europe, including 17 countries of EU. Similarly, agreements for avoidance of double taxation exist with 26 countries in EU. India-EU bilateral relations are reviewed at the official level by the India-EC Joint Commission. This had its last meeting in July 2008. Three Sub-Commissions on Trade, Economic Cooperation and Development Cooperation and nine Joint Working Groups on agriculture and marine products, textiles, information technology & communications,

consular matters, environment, steel, food processing industries, pharmaceuticals & biotechnology and technical barriers to trade (TBT)/sanitary and phyto sanitary (SPS) issues are functioning and their reports are considered by Joint Commission.

India's Trade with Different Countries/Alliances

Trade with African Countries

Since independence India has had cordial and friendly trade relations with Africa in general. Trade relations expanded considerably since 1947, particularly after the transition into 2nd millennium. India's trade with Africa since 2005-06 is given below: India Africa Trade (Value in Millions) Year Exports** Imports Total Trade 2005 - 2006 6,993.53 4,878.56 11,872.09 2006 - 2007 10,263.96 17,726.67 24,990.63 2007 - 2008* 14,196.09 20,497.65 34,693.74 2007 - 2008(April 07 - Feb 08)* 12,716.42 18,789.23 31,505.65 2008 - 2009 (April 07 - Feb 08)* 12,857.06 22.853.51 35,710.57 * Including Oil in Import figures ** Including Petroleum Product exports from India Total trade (including oil) with Africa during 2007-08 amounted to US $ 34693.74 million with exports amounting to US $ 14196.09 million and imports at US $ 20497.65 million. The oil inclusive trade turnover during April 2008-February, 2009 has been US $ 35710.57 million with exports at US $ 12857.06 million and imports amounting to US $ 22853.51 million. The corresponding figures during April 2007 - February 2008 were US $ 31505.65 million (total trade), $ 12716.42 million (exports) and $ 18789.23 million (imports) respectively. If oil is factored out, India enjoys a positive trade balance with Africa. During 2007-08, the total commodity trade (excluding oil) between India and African countries was US $ 16,586.60 million as against US $ 12,445.36 million in 2006-07, thereby registering a growth of 33.27%. India's exports to the African countries increased by 33.42% from US $ 7,668.81 million in 2006-07 to US $ 10,231.75 million in 2007-08. India's imports from the African countries also increased by 33% from US $ 4,776.55 million in 2006-07 to US $ 6,354.85 million in 2007-08.

Major items of exports

Cotton yarn, fabrics made ups etc. Drugs, pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals Manufactures of Metals Machinery and Instruments Man made Yarn, Fabrics Made ups

Transport equipment Primary and Semi finished iron and steel RMG cotton including accessories Plastic and linoleum products Inorganic/organic/agro chemicals

Major Items of imports

Gold, Cashew Nuts Inorganic Chemicals, Wood & Wood Products, Metalifers ors & Metal Scrap, Iron & Steel, Cotton raw. Comb/uncombed/waste, Coal, coke & Briquettes etc. Pulp and waste paper, Non ferrous metals, Organic chemicals, Machinery except elect. & electronic, Fertilizer crude, Electronic goods, Pearls precious semiprecious stones.

Focus Africa Programme

The "Focus Africa" Programme was initially launched with focus on seven countries of Sub-Saharan African (SSA) Region, viz., South Africa, Nigeria, Mauritius, Tanzania, Kenya, Ghana and Ethiopia. With a view to further widen and deepen India's trade with Africa, the scope of this Programme was further extended to include Angola, Botswana, Ivory-Coast, Madagascar, Mozambique, Senegal, Seychelles, Uganda, Zambia, Namibia and Zimbabwe, along-with the six countries of North Africa, viz., Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Sudan, Morocco and Algeria. Under this Programme, the Government extends assistance to exporters and Export Promotion Councils etc. to visit countries in Africa and organize trade fairs and also sponsors African trade delegations to visit India. A number of export promotion activities were conducted by various Export Promotion Councils and Apex Chambers with grant under MDA and MAI Scheme. The Focus Africa Programme is continuing for the seventh year during 2008-09.

Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA) with SACU

The Southern African Customs Union (SACU), the oldest Custom Union of the world, comprises South Africa, Lesotho, Swaziland, Botswana and Namibia. India and SACU have expressed their intent to enter into a Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA) with the aim of promoting expansion of trade between the two parties and providing mechanism to negotiate and conclude a comprehensive Free Trade Agreement within a reasonable

time. India and SACU have commenced negotiations for PTA in October, 2007 and three meetings of the negotiating teams have taken place so far. India and SACU signed a Memorandum of Understanding, an enabling instrument to facilitate negotiations, during the third round of negotiations held in New Delhi on 25-27 November 2008.

CECPA with Mauritius

A Comprehensive Economic Cooperation and Partnership Agreement (CECPA) aimed at boosting bilateral trade, investment and general economic cooperation between India and Mauritius is being negotiated. During the visit of PM of India to Mauritius from March 30-April 2, 2005 both the countries agreed for a Comprehensive Economic Cooperation and Partnership Agreement (CECPA) to boost bilateral trade, investment and general economic cooperation. Accordingly an Empowered Negotiation Team consisting of representatives from both the sides for working out the necessary modalities were constituted. Seven Rounds of talks on CECPA have been held so far. The 7th round of talks were held in New Delhi on the 7th July 2006.