Date: 8th- 11th December 2008 Subject: Chemistry Class: Grade 9 No.

of students: 22 Duration of lesson: 1hour 10 minutes Unit topic: Separation Techniques Lesson Topic: Separation Techniques Strategies: Demonstration and Experimentation, General Objectives: Students should gain knowledge about the different separation techniques. Specific Objectives: From the demonstration, experimentation and hand outs given, students should be able to: 1. Identify methods of separation based on the composition of the mixture (filtration suspensions, separating funnels immiscible liquids, chromatography inks and dyes etc). 2. Describe the separating methods of simple distillation, fractional distillation, filtration and layer separation. 3. Draw line diagrams for the methods mentioned above. 4. Explain the separation techniques of filtration, chromatography, layer separation, and simple distillation. 5. Explain industrial methods of separating mixtures such as fractional distillation and centrifugation.

Previous Knowledge: Students are familiar with the different types of mixtures.

Summary of Content: Mixtures can be separated into their constituents by using physical methods (i.e. no chemical reaction involved). Separation techniques are physical methods. Which technique to use depends on the different properties of the constituents. That is, different states, solubility, boiling and melting points. Below lists some of the most common separation techniques:

Chromatography - To separate different coloured dyes. The dyes travel up the chromatography paper at different distances before they cannot remain in solution. The more soluble dyes move further up than the less soluble ones, hence separating from each other.

Distillation - to separate and collect a liquid from a solution of a soluble solid. The solution is heated in a flask until the liquid boils. The vapour produced passes into the condenser where it is cooled and condenses to a liquid. The pure liquid (distillate) is collected in a beaker.

Evaporation - This method is suitable to separate a soluble solid from a liquid. If the solution is heated, the liquid evaporates leaving the solid behind.

Fractional Distillation - This is a special type of distillation used to separate a mixture of liquids. Different liquids boil at different temperatures. When heated, they boil off and condense at different times. The apparatus features a fractionating column, which ensures that only the liquid boils at its boiling point will pass into the condenser.

Filtration - To separate an insoluble solid from a liquid. The solid remains in the filter paper and the liquid goes through the paper into the beaker.

Some of the example mixtures that can be separated using the above mentioned techniques: (1) separating dyes in inks, or chlorophyll in plants (ethanol as solvent) chromatography; (2) separating sand from water - filtration; (3) separating ethanol and water - fractional distillation; (4) separating water from ink - simple distillation; (5) separating salt from water - evaporation Diagrams below show drawings of experiment setting for the various separation techniques.

Filtration

Evaporation

Instructional Materials: Hand outs, Computer, Multimedia Projector, Notes Procedure: Step 1. (10 minutes) Teacher will introduce the lesson by revising compounds and mixtures using the question and answer method. Step 2. (50 minutes) Students will make notes were appropriate and watch the different separation techniques via computer simulations. Step 3. (10 minutes) Students will be given the assignment to present all the techniques shown in a project. The project must have drawings of each technique.

Evaluation: The class went smoothly and according to plan. The students were all interested and engaged. They were particularly interested in the animations as they catered to the visual learners.