List of Nobel laureates in Literature

List of Nobel laureates in Literature

The Nobel Prize in Literature (Swedish: Nobelpriset i litteratur) is awarded annually by the Swedish Academy to authors for outstanding contributions in the field of literature. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, which are awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine.[1] As dictated by Nobel's will, the award is administered by the Nobel Foundation and awarded by a committee that consists of five members elected by the Swedish Academy.[2] The first Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded in 1901 to Sully Prudhomme of France. Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a monetary award prize that has varied throughout the years.[3] In 1901, Prudhomme received 150,782 SEK, which is equivalent to 7,731,004 SEK in December 2007. In 2012, the prize was awarded to Mo Yan of China.[] The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.[4]
Horace Engdahl, the former permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy, announcing that As of 2012, the Nobel Prize in Literature has been awarded to 109 [] Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clzio won the 2008 individuals. When he received the award in 1958, Russian-born Boris Nobel Prize in Literature Pasternak was forced to decline it under pressure from the government of the Soviet Union. In 1964, Jean-Paul Sartre refused to accept the Nobel Prize in Literature, as he had consistently refused all official honors in the past.[] Twelve women have won the Nobel Prize in Literature, more than any other Nobel Prize with the exception of the Nobel Peace Prize.[] Among all the years the Nobel Prize in Literature has been awarded, there have been only four instances in which the award was given to two individuals (1904, 1917, 1966, 1974). There have been seven years in which the Nobel Prize in Literature was not awarded (1914, 1918, 1935, 19401943).[]

Laureates
Year 1901 Laureate Sully Prudhomme Country[A] France Language French Citation "in special recognition of his poetic composition, which gives evidence of lofty idealism, artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of [] both heart and intellect" "the greatest living master of the art of historical writing, with special reference to his monumental [] work, A History of Rome" Genre(s) poetry, essay

1902

Theodor Mommsen

Germany

German

history, law

1903

Bjrnstjerne Bjrnson

Norway

Norwegian

"as a tribute to his noble, magnificent and versatile poetry, which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of [] its spirit"

poetry, novel, drama

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Occitan poetry, philology

1904

Frdric Mistral

France

"in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production, which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people, and, in addition, his significant work as a [] Provenal philologist" "in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which, in an individual and original manner, have revived the great traditions of the [] Spanish drama" "because of his outstanding merits as an epic [] writer"

Jos Echegaray

Spain

Spanish

drama

1905

Henryk Sienkiewicz

Poland

Polish

novel

1906

Giosu Carducci

Italy

Italian

"not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research, but above all as a tribute to the creative energy, freshness of style, and lyrical force [] which characterize his poetic masterpieces"

poetry

1907

Rudyard Kipling

United Kingdom

English

novel, short "in consideration of the power of observation, story, poetry originality of imagination, virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the [] creations of this world-famous author" "in recognition of his earnest search for truth, his penetrating power of thought, his wide range of vision, and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated [] and developed an idealistic philosophy of life" "in appreciation of the lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize [] her writings" philosophy

1908

Rudolf Christoph Eucken

Germany

German

1909

Selma Lagerlf

Sweden

Swedish

novel, short story

1910

Paul von Heyse

Germany

German

poetry, drama, "as a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated with idealism, which he has demonstrated during his novel, short story long productive career as a lyric poet, dramatist, [] novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories" "in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities, and especially of his dramatic works, which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy, which reveals, sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale, a deep inspiration, while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own [] feelings and stimulate their imaginations" drama, poetry, essay

1911

Maurice Maeterlinck

Belgium

French

1912

Gerhart Hauptmann Rabindranath Tagore

Germany

German

drama, novel "primarily in recognition of his fruitful, varied and [] outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art" "because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own [] English words, a part of the literature of the West" poetry, novel, drama, short story, music

1913

India

Bengali

1914

Not awarded

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French novel "as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human [] beings" "in recognition of his significance as the leading [] representative of a new era in our literature" "for his varied and rich poetry, which is inspired by [] lofty ideals" poetry, novel

1915

Romain Rolland

France

1916

Verner von Heidenstam Karl Adolph Gjellerup

Sweden

Swedish

1917

Denmark

Danish

poetry

Henrik Pontoppidan 1918 1919 Carl Spitteler

Denmark

Danish

"for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in [] Denmark"

novel

Not awarded Switzerland German "in special appreciation of his epic, Olympian [] Spring" "for his monumental work, Growth of the Soil" [] poetry

1920

Knut Hamsun

Norway

Norwegian

novel

1921

Anatole France

France

French

"in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements, characterized as they are by a nobility of style, a profound human sympathy, grace, and a true Gallic [] temperament" "for the happy manner in which he has continued the [] illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama"

novel, poetry

1922

Jacinto Benavente

Spain

Spanish

drama

1923

William Butler Yeats

Ireland

English

"for his always inspired poetry, which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole [] nation" []

poetry

1924

Wadysaw Reymont

Poland

Polish

"for his great national epic, The Peasants"

novel

1925

George Ireland Bernard Shaw

English

"for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity, its stimulating satire often being infused [] with a singular poetic beauty"

drama, literary criticism

1926

Grazia Deledda

Italy

Italian

"for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems [] in general"

poetry, novel

1927

Henri Bergson France

French

"in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the philosophy [] brilliant skill with which they have been presented"

1928

Sigrid Undset

Norway

Norwegian

"principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern novel [] life during the Middle Ages"

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German "principally for his great novel, Buddenbrooks, which novel, short story, essay has won steadily increased recognition as one of the [] classic works of contemporary literature" "for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humour, new types [] of characters" "The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt" [] novel, short story, drama

1929

Thomas Mann Germany

1930

Sinclair Lewis United States

English

1931

Erik Axel Karlfeldt

Sweden

Swedish

poetry

1932

John Galsworthy

United Kingdom

English

"for his distinguished art of narration which takes its [] highest form in The Forsyte Saga"

novel

1933

Ivan Bunin

Russia (exiled to France) Italy

Russian

"for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the short story, [] poetry, novel classical Russian traditions in prose writing" "for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and [] scenic art" drama, novel, short story

1934

Luigi Pirandello

Italian

1935 1936 Eugene O'Neill United States

Not awarded English "for the power, honesty and deep-felt emotions of his drama dramatic works, which embody an original concept of [] tragedy" novel "for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel cycle Les [] Thibault" "for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant [] life in China and for her biographical masterpieces" novel

1937

Roger Martin du Gard

France

French

1938

Pearl S. Buck

United States

English

1939

Frans Eemil Sillanp

Finland

Finnish

"for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry novel and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed [] their way of life and their relationship with Nature"

1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 Johannes Vilhelm Jensen Denmark

Not awarded Not awarded Not awarded Not awarded Danish "for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold, freshly creative [] style" "for her lyric poetry which, inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American [] world" poetry

1945

Gabriela Mistral

Chile

Spanish

poetry

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German novel, poetry

1946

Hermann Hesse

Germany (exiled to Switzerland)

"for his inspired writings which, while growing in boldness and penetration, exemplify the classical [] humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style" "for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings, in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and [] keen psychological insight" "for his outstanding, pioneer contribution to [] present-day poetry"

1947

Andr Gide

France

French

novel, essay

1948

T. S. Eliot

United Kingdom

English

poetry

1949

William Faulkner Bertrand Russell

United States

English

"for his powerful and artistically unique contribution [] to the modern American novel" "in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and [] freedom of thought"

novel, short story philosophy

1950

United Kingdom

English

1951

Pr Lagerkvist Sweden

Swedish

"for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind poetry, novel, short story, with which he endeavours in his poetry to find drama answers to the eternal questions confronting [] mankind" "for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity novel, short with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama story [] of human life" "for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in [] defending exalted human values" "for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary [] style" history, essay, memoirs

1952

Franois Mauriac

France

French

1953

Winston Churchill

United Kingdom

English

1954

Ernest Hemingway

United States

English

novel, short story, screenplay

1955

Halldr Laxness

Iceland

Icelandic

"for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great novel, short [] story, drama, narrative art of Iceland" poetry "for his lyrical poetry, which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical [] purity" "for his important literary production, which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of [] the human conscience in our times" poetry

1956

Juan Ramn Jimnez

Spain

Spanish

1957

Albert Camus

France

French

novel, short story, drama, philosophy, essay novel, poetry, translation

1958

Boris Pasternak

Soviet Union

Russian

"for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian [] epic tradition" "for his lyrical poetry, which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own [] times"

1959

Salvatore Quasimodo

Italy

Italian

poetry

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French poetry

1960

Saint-John Perse

France

"for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the [] conditions of our time"

1961

Ivo Andri

Yugoslavia

Serbo-Croatian "for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history [] of his country" English "for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social [] perception" "for his eminent lyrical writing, inspired by a deep [] feeling for the Hellenic world of culture"

novel, short story

1962

John Steinbeck

United States

novel, short story, screenplay poetry

1963

Giorgos Seferis Jean-Paul Sartre

Greece

Greek

1964

France

French

"for his work which, rich in ideas and filled with the novel, spirit of freedom and the quest for truth, has exerted a philosophy, [] drama, literary far-reaching influence on our age" criticism, screenplay "for the artistic power and integrity with which, in his novel epic of the Don, he has given expression to a historic [] phase in the life of the Russian people" "for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with [] motifs from the life of the Jewish people" novel, short story

1965

Mikhail Sholokhov

Soviet Union

Russian

1966

Shmuel Yosef Israel Agnon

Hebrew

Nelly Sachs

Germany (exiled to Sweden)

German

"for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing, which interprets Israel's destiny with touching [] strength"

poetry, drama

1967

Miguel ngel Asturias

Guatemala

Spanish

"for his vivid literary achievement, deep-rooted in the novel, poetry national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of [] Latin America" "for his narrative mastery, which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese [] mind" "for his writing, which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man [] acquires its elevation" "for the ethical force with which he has pursued the [] indispensable traditions of Russian literature" novel, short story

1968

Kawabata Yasunari

Japan

Japanese

1969

Samuel Beckett

Ireland

English and French

novel, drama, poetry

1970

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Russia

Russian

novel

1971

Pablo Neruda

Chile

Spanish

"for a poetry that with the action of an elemental [] force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams"

poetry

1972

Heinrich Bll

Germany

German

"for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of [] German literature"

novel, short story

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English "for an epic and psychological narrative art which has novel, short [] story, drama introduced a new continent into literature" "for a narrative art, farseeing in lands and ages, in the novel [] service of freedom" "for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the [] cosmos" "for his distinctive poetry which, with great artistic sensitivity, has interpreted human values under the [] sign of an outlook on life with no illusions" "for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his [] work" poetry, novel, drama poetry

1973

Patrick White

Australia

1974

Eyvind Johnson Harry Martinson

Sweden

Swedish

Sweden

Swedish

1975

Eugenio Montale

Italy

Italian

1976

Saul Bellow

United States

English

novel, short story

1977

Vicente Aleixandre

Spain

Spanish

"for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's poetry condition in the cosmos and in present-day society, at the same time representing the great renewal of the [] traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars" "for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in novel, short story, memoirs a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal [] human conditions to life" "for his poetry, which, against the background of Greek tradition, depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle [] for freedom and creativeness" "who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe [] conflicts" "for writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of [] ideas and artistic power" poetry

1978

Isaac Bashevis United States Singer

Yiddish

1979

Odysseas Elytis

Greece

Greek

1980

Czesaw Miosz

Poland United States

Polish

poetry, essay

1981

Elias Canetti

Bulgaria United Kingdom

German

novel, drama, memoirs, essay

1982

Gabriel Garca Colombia Mrquez

Spanish

"for his novels and short stories, in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination, reflecting a [] continent's life and conflicts"

novel, short story, screenplay

1983

William Golding

United Kingdom

English

"for his novels which, with the perspicuity of realistic novel, poetry, drama narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth, illuminate the human condition in the world of [] today" "for his poetry which endowed with freshness, and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the [] indomitable spirit and versatility of man" "who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of [] time in the depiction of the human condition" "who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic [] overtones fashions the drama of existence" poetry

1984

Jaroslav Seifert

Czechoslovakia

Czech

1985

Claude Simon France

French

novel

1986

Wole Soyinka Nigeria

English

drama, novel, poetry

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English and Russian poetry

1987

Joseph Brodsky

Soviet Union United States

"for an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity [] of thought and poetic intensity"

1988

Naguib Mahfouz

Egypt

Arabic

"who, through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic, now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to [] all mankind" "for a rich and intensive prose, which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's [] vulnerability" "for impassioned writing with wide horizons, characterized by sensuous intelligence and [] humanistic integrity"

novel

1989

Camilo Jos Cela

Spain

Spanish

novel, short story

1990

Octavio Paz

Mexico

Spanish

poetry, essay,

1991

Nadine Gordimer

South Africa

English

"who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great [] benefit to humanity" "for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity, sustained by a historical vision, the outcome of a multicultural [] commitment"

novel, short story, essay

1992

Derek Walcott Saint Lucia

English

poetry

1993

Toni Morrison United States

English

"who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of [] American reality"

novel

1994

Kenzabur e Japan

Japanese

novel, short "who with poetic force creates an imagined world, where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting story [] picture of the human predicament today" "for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth, which [] exalt everyday miracles and the living past" poetry

1995

Seamus Heaney

Ireland

English

1996

Wisawa Szymborska

Poland

Polish

"for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in [] fragments of human reality" "who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the [] downtrodden" "who with parables sustained by imagination, compassion and irony continually enables us once [] again to apprehend an elusory reality" "whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten [] face of history" "for an oeuvre of universal validity, bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity, which has opened new paths [] for the Chinese novel and drama"

poetry

1997

Dario Fo

Italy

Italian

drama

1998

Jos Saramago

Portugal

Portuguese

novel, drama, poetry

1999

Gnter Grass

Germany

German

novel, drama, poetry novel, drama, literary criticism

2000

Gao Xingjian

China France

Chinese

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English novel, essay

2001

V. S. Naipaul

United Kingdom Trinidad & Tobago Hungary

"for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see [] the presence of suppressed histories" "for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of [] history" "who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising [] involvement of the outsider"

2002

Imre Kertsz

Hungarian

novel

2003

J. M. Coetzee

South Africa

English

novel, essay, translation

2004

Elfriede Jelinek

Austria

German

"for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clichs and their [] subjugating power" "who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's [] closed rooms" "who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash [] and interlacing of cultures" "that epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a [] divided civilisation to scrutiny" "author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and [] below the reigning civilization" "who, with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the [] dispossessed"

novel, drama

2005

Harold Pinter

United Kingdom

English

drama

2006

Orhan Pamuk

Turkey

Turkish

novel, screenplay, essay novel, drama, poetry, short story, memoirs novel, short story, essay, translation novel, poetry

2007

Doris Lessing

United Kingdom

English

2008

J. M. G. Le Clzio

France Mauritius

French

2009

Herta Mller

Germany Romania

German

2010

Mario Vargas Llosa

Peru Spain

Spanish

novel, short "for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, story, essay, [] drama and defeat". "because, through his condensed, translucent images, [] he gives us fresh access to reality". poetry, translation

2011

Tomas Transtrmer

Sweden

Swedish

2012

Mo Yan

China

Chinese

"who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales, [] history and the contemporary".

novel, short story

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References
General "All Nobel Laureates in Literature" [5]. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 20081016. Specific
[5] http:/ / nobelprize. org/ nobel_prizes/ literature/ laureates/

Notes ^ A. The information in the country column is according to nobelprize.org, the official website of the Nobel Foundation. This information may not necessarily reflect the recipient's birthplace or citizenship.

External links
Official website of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (http://www.kva.se/KVA_Root/index_eng.asp) Official website of the Nobel Foundation (http://nobelprize.org/) Read the Nobels (http://readnobels.blogspot.com/) - a collaborative Litblog featuring reviews of individual books by Nobel Laureates.

Article Sources and Contributors

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Article Sources and Contributors

List of Nobel laureates in Literature Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=546249500 Contributors: 8ty3hree, ANZLitLovers, Akuindo, Alessin, Alexthe5th, Ali Nazifpour, Alpha Quadrant, Altar, Amarshat, AndersL, Anthrophilos, Asparagus, Aurola, Baldrick90, Biruitorul, BrownHairedGirl, C C K C, Calliopejen1, CanadianLinuxUser, Canuckian89, CaptainCanada, Cccmm002, Chmarkine, Clestur, Codex1985, CommonsDelinker, CunningWizard, Dabomb87, Delaywaves, Devanatha, Diannaa, Diego Grez, Dossier2, Dragoscpp, Duendefutbal, Elelch, Emilindito, EnemyOfTheState, Fiodhna, Fram, Funandtrvl, Funper, G000se, GDibyendu, Gary King, GoodDay, Greenman, Grszny, Gumruch, HBZ91s, HazelGHC, Headbomb, Hidenorialchemist, Hmains, HombreDHojalata, Hu, IIIraute, Ian Dalziel, Ironholds, Irregulargalaxies, JenAW, Jeppiz, Jnothman, Joao Xavier, JohnWBarber, Julle, Kappa, Kilianjimmy, Kimyestjolie, LAS VEGAS, Lihaas, Lumendelumine, Lystopad, Mannerheim, Marawik, Marcol, Materialscientist, Megaman7de, Metropolitan90, Mewasul, Mirekmarut, Mmmvidyahoo, Mukerjee, N-k, NSYSU, Nancy, Nasugbu batangas, Nicehumor, Nyttend, P. S. Burton, Paris 16, Paul.h, Pegship, Pernoctator, Phileasson, Poshtalionapechkin212, Pristino, Quicksilvre, Rajvaddhan, Rich Farmbrough, Robertgreer, Sacha Delton, SanGavinoEN, Sayanc, Schneelocke, Scorpion0422, Scorpion0422's PC Account, Sdornan, SeNeKa, Sephiroth BCR, Shahin.shn, Shinryuu, Skrofler, Soerfm, Sparkume, StAnselm, Stadtpark, Starskyinn, Sun Creator, Surprizi, SwinSvinoza, T. Anthony, TGilmour, Tankerlator, Taro-Gabunia, Tented, The Anome, ThomasMorta, Thomasettaei, Tobby72, Tomchen1989, Tomeasy, Tonik 96, Umburi, Vanjagenije, Varlaam, Vol de nuit, Whitebeam, Whiteghost.ink, Woohookitty, Yknok29, , 236 anonymous edits

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