International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN

0976 6480(Print), ISSN 0976 6499(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, April (2013), IAEME
251











A NEW RADIX-4 FFT ALGORITHM


Dr. Syed Abdul Sattar
1
, Dr. Mohammed Yousuf Khan
2
, and Shaik Qadeer
3


1
(Professor & Dean. RITS Chevella. R R Dist. A P . India)
2
(Principal Polytechnic, MANUU, Hyderabad, India)
3
(Department of EED, MJCET, Hyderabad, India)




ABSTRACT

The Radix-4 Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is widely accepted for signal processing
applications in wireless communication system. Here, we present a new Radix-4 FFT which reduces
the operational count by 6% lesser than standard Radix-4 FFT without losing any arithmetic accuracy.
Simulation results are also given for the verification of the algorithm.

Keywords: Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT); Decimation in Time (DI|T); Fast Fourier Transform
(FFT); and Flop counts.

I. INTRODUCTION

The Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is among the most fundamental operation in digital
signal processing applications [1, 2, 7]. The algorithm to compute DFT is called as FFT. When
considering the implementations, the FFT/IFFT algorithm should be chosen keeping in view the
execution speed, hardware complexity, flexibility and precision [8, 9]. Most of the above mentioned
parameters depend on the exact count of arithmetic operations (real additions and multiplications),
herein called flop counts, required for a DFT of a given size N which remains an intriguing unsolved
mathematical question.
There are various types of FFT algorithms namely Radix-2/4/8 and Split radix including DIT
and DIF versions. The flop counts of standard Radix-4 DIT is [5]:

N N N T
2
log
4
1
4 ) ( =
(1)
Here we propose a new Radix-4 DIT algorithm which computes FFT in flop counts:

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ISSN 0976 - 6480 (Print)
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International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN
0976 6480(Print), ISSN 0976 6499(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, April (2013), IAEME
252

N N N T
2
log
8
1
4 ) ( =
(2)

Saving of flop counts is almost 6% as compared to the standard Radix-4 FFT. In this paper a
simple recursive method is adopted to get the saving. The rest of the paper is organized as follows:
Section II covers the new algorithm principle, in section III operation count with the implementation
of proposed algorithm is discussed and conclusion in section IV.

II. NEW RADIX-4 DIT ALGORITHM

In this section we suggest a modification to standard Radix-4 FFT algorithm to reduce the
number of multiplications. To derive the algorithm, recall that the DFT is defined by [5]

1 .. 0 ,
1
0
= =

=
N n
W x
X
kn
N
N
k
n
k
(3)

where W
N
K
= exp (-j2/N). Then for N divisible by 4, we perform a decimation in time
decomposition of x
n
into four smaller DFTs, of x
4n
, x
4n+2
(the even elements), x
4n+1
and
x
4n-1
(where x
-1=
x
N-1
)- this last sub-sequence would be in x
4n+3
standard Radix-4 FFT, but here is
shifted cyclically by -4 [4]. We obtain:


,
4 /
1 4 /
0
1 4 4 /
1 4 /
0
1 4 4 /
1 4 /
0
2 4
2
4 /
1 4 /
0
4 W x W W x W W x W W x
X
kn
N
N
k
n
k
N
kn
N
N
k
n
k
N
kn
N
N
k
n
k
N
kn
N
N
k
n
k
+ + + =

=
+

=
+

=
(4)

Where the W
k
N
and W
-k
N
are

the conjugate pair of twiddle factor. The four recurrent results
with subtransforms denoted by Y
k
, G
k
, H
k
, and Z
k
are shown below:

( )
( )
( )
H W
W
Z
k
j
G W Y
X
and
H W
W
Z
k
j
G W Y
X
H W
W
Z
k
G W Y
X
H W
W
Z
k
G W Y
X
k
k
N
k
N
k
k
N k
N k
k
k
N
k
N
k
k
N k
N k
k
k
N
k
N
k
k
N k
N k
k
k
N
k
N
k
k
N k
k

+ + =
=
+ + =
+ + + =
2
4 / 3
2
4 /
2
2 /
2
,
,
,

(5)

The algorithm for this is shown in figure 1. The total flop count for this is given in (1).
Observe that it is equal to standard radix-4 FFT [5]. The key for the new algorithm is observation that
algorithm 1, both H
k
, and Z
k
are multiplied by a same trigonometric function (W
k
N
and W
-k
N
).
Therefore to get saving we can divide H
k
, and Z
k
by a common factor and multiply with the same in
the next iteration. Scaling factor ( Wavelet) proposed in [4] can be used as factor for getting saving. It
is having the following properties for k4=k mod N/4:
International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN
0976 6480(Print), ISSN 0976 6499(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, April (2013), IAEME
253

) ( )
( )
( )
( )
)
)
)
S
S
W t Let
S S
s k remaining the for and k of values half first for
S
S
otherwise
S
N k
N k for
S
N k
forN
S Def
k N
k N k
N k N
k N N k N
k N
k N
k N
k N
k N
,
, 4 /
,
, 4 / ,
, 4 /
,
4 , 4 /
4 , 4 /
,
4
3
, ' cos sin 2
/ 4 2 sin
8 / 4 / 4 2 cos
4 1
: 1
=
=
=

=
+

(6)


We use t
N,k
in our new algorithm which is always tan 1 j or j cot . Computation of t
N,k
takes 4 flops, whereas W
N
k
takes 6. The new algorithm is shown in figure 2. Here in this new
algorithm , we first multiply by S
N/4,k
in algo1 to both H
k
, and Z
k
which does not take any additional
multiplications, however it help us in getting saving for multiplications in algo2 of the new
algorithm.



Figure:1 Std. Radix-4 FFT algorithm


International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN
0976 6480(Print), ISSN 0976 6499(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, April (2013), IAEME
254


Figure:2 New . Radix-4 FFT algorithm

III. COMPUTATIONAL COUNT

The algorithms shown in figure 1 and figure 2 have same number of additions however due to
scaling and recalling operation in algorithm 2-3 we can save multiplications. In algo1 as the numbers
of additions as well as multiplications remain same, so we get

=
= + |

\
|
+ |

\
|
=
4 , 16
4 4 , 17
4
2 2
4
1 2
) ( 1
2
N if
N if
N
T
N
T
N T
n
N
(7)

International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN
0976 6480(Print), ISSN 0976 6499(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, April (2013), IAEME
255

In algo2 we save 4 real multiplications but lost 2. So the net saving is 2 real multiplications in
each iterations,

=
= +
|

\
|
+
|

\
|
=
4 , 16
4 4 , 5 . 16
4
2 2
4
1 2
) ( 2
2
N if
N if
N
T
N
T
N T
n
N

(8)

Solving (7) and (8) by standard generating function method [3, 6] we get the total flop count
T(N) as given in (2). Hence a net saving of 6% is achieved.


Figure:3: Comparative Magnitude plot for N=4096.


Figure: 4: Comparative angle plot for N=4096.

International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN
0976 6480(Print), ISSN 0976 6499(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, April (2013), IAEME
256

IV. SIMULATION RESULTS

To validate the algorithm a computer simulation using Matlap for N=4096 is performed as
shown in figure 3 and figure 4. The results are matching with standard Radix -4 FFT algorithm
results. Figure 3 shows a comparative plot of magnitude between proposed FFT and standard FFT
whereas figure 4 covers for angle.

V. CONCLUSION

In this paper a new Radix-4 FFT algorithm is proposed. It is shown that the proposed FFT
algorithm is computational efficient without losing any accuracy. The proposed algorithm is suitable
for ASIC implementation as it is symmetric, unlike split radix FFT.

REFERENCES

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[3] D. E. Knuth, Fundamental Algorithms, 3rd ed., ser. The Art of Computer Programming
(Addison-Wesley, 1997, vol. 1.)
[4] ] M. Frigo and S. G. Johnson, A modified Split Radix FFT with fewer arithmetic operations,
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[6] D. E Knuth, Seminumerical Algorithms, 3rd ed., ser. The Art of Computer Programming
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[7] M.Z.A. Khan and Shaik Qadeer, Streamlined Real Factor EUSIPCO2010, Aalborg, Denmark,
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rd
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