AREVA T&D Power Electronics HVDC & FACTS

Name
Title
Date

AREVA Group Overview

X AREVA T&D Overview X AREVA T&D Businesses X AREVA T&D Offering

AREVA World leader in the energy business

N1 in the entire nuclear cycle N3 in electricity transmission and distribution

Our mission
Innovate to contribute to ever cleaner, safer and economical CO2-free power generation and electricity transmission and distrib distribution tion

Our strategic objectives

Achieve one-third of the world nuclear market and double-digit operating margin Be one of the most profitable leaders in Transmission and Distribution
4 4

Energy: our core business

X Front End Division X Reactors and Services Division X Back End Division X Transmission and Distribution Division

Key data as of 31 December 2005

Sales

10,125M , 551M 1,049M* 58,760 14,372M

Operating income

Consolidated net income

Employees

Market capitalization
* including 528M in net income from the sale of FCI

N.B.: Key data is presented in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)
6 6

Key data for 2005

Sales by region
(in %) [Total sales: 10,125 million]

Employees by region (in %)

[Total workforce: 58,760 employees]

7%
10%

3%

12%
13%

18%

63%
74%

Europe & CIS

North & South America

Asia-Pacific

Africa / Middle East

Key data for 2005

Sales revenue by division
(in %)

Sales by business
(in %)

[Total sales: 10,125 million]

32%

26%

32% 68%

19%

23%

Front End Division Reactors and Services Division

Back End Division Transmission and Distribution Division

Nuclear Transmission and Distribution

AREVA around the globe

40 countries
Production & Manufacturing

100 countries
Marketing & Sales

6,754M: 67%
of all sales come from outside France EUROPE & CIS

63% of sales
- Nuclear: 77% - T&D: 23%

43,279
employees

NORTH & SOUTH AMERICA

ASIA-PACIFIC
of sales - Nuclear: 45% - T&D: 55%

12%

18% of sales
- Nuclear: 74% - T&D: 26%

5,824
AFRICA & MIDDLE EAST

7,912

employees

employees

7% of sales 1,745
employees

- Nuclear: 12% - T&D: 88%

Production & manufacturing

9 9

Governance Chairman of the Supervisory Board: Frdric Lemoine Chairman of the Executive Board: Anne Lauvergeon
Shareholders

Commissariat l'nergie atomique (CEA) French AEC French State Investment certificate holders* Caisse des dpts et consignations ERAP EDF Frampargne** Total
* Listed on Euronext Paris, compartment B, SBF 120 index

79% 5% 4% 4% 3% 2% 2% 1%

** Employee-held investment fund

10 10

Organization of the group

FRONT END Division

REACTORS & SERVICES Division

BACK END Division

TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION Division

Mining Chemistry Enrichment Fuel

Plants Equipment Nuclear Services Nuclear Measurements Consulting & Information Systems AREVA TA

Treatment Recycling Logistics Clean-up Engineering

Products Services Systems Automation

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A group committed to the 21st centurys great challenges

Access to energy for everyone Preservation of the planet Responsibility toward future generations Anchored in our industrial strategy and our daily management,
sustainable development combines
Profitable growth Social responsibility Respect for the environment

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A sustainable development program structured around 10 commitments

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A group united around sustainable development values Clearly expressed values (Values Charter) based on the 10
principles of the U.N. Global Compact linked to human rights, l b conditions, labor diti environmental i t l protection t ti and d anti-corruption ti ti efforts

Implementation through AREVA Way, Way a continuous

improvement process structured around our 10 sustainable development commitments and integrated into the general management system

AREVA Way is also a way of being and a way of acting,

e e y day every day: the t e will to improve, p o e, anticipation, a t c pat o , responsiveness espo s e ess and openness to dialogue

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Research & Development

Key figures for 2005
582M* in total R&D spending, g i.e. 5.7% of sales A hundred registered patents

Priorities
Optimize the front end of the cycle: more mining R&D EPR licensing in key markets Performance improvement of reactors and fuels Development of the 3rd-generation generation treatment treatment-recycling recycling plant: COEX Preparing 4th-generation reactors and fuel cycle plants

*of which 46% was self-financed

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Front End Division All of the activities leading up to the generation

of nuclear power:
U Uranium i mining i i and d concentration t ti Uranium conversion and enrichment Nuclear fuel fabrication

2,631M
Sales

11,047
E l Employees

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Reactors and Services Division

Design and construction of:

Pressurized water reactors (PWRs) Boiling water reactors (BWRs) Research reactors

Supply of products and services to power companies for the

operation and servicing of all types of nuclear power plants

2,348M
Sales

14,323
Employees

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Back End Division

Used fuel treatment and recycling after use in nuclear power

plants

Interim storage solutions Design and supply of casks for transportation and storage of
nuclear materials

1,921M
Sales

10,864
E l Employees

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T&D Division Complete range of products, systems and services

for electricity transmission and distribution:
Regulation Transformation Dispatching of electric current in power grids

3 212M 3,212M
Sales

22,094
Employees

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X AREVA Group Overview

AREVA T&D Overview

X AREVA T&D Businesses X AREVA T&D Offering

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Our history

Alsthom

Acquisition of Sprecher & Schuh (Switzerland)

Acquisition of AEG (Germany)

Acquisition of ALSTOM T&D (France) ( )

1983

1988

1998

2006

1928

1986
Merger with GEC (UK)

1996

2004
Acquisition of RITZ High-Voltage (Germany)

Acquisition of CEM (France) Acquisition of protection relays and measurement transformers of Schlumberger Industrie (France)

Acquisition of Cegelec - T&D (France)

Strong development through mergers & acquisitions

21 21

AREVA T&D within the group

T&D: 1/3 of AREVAs energy business

Source: AREVAYear End December 2005 Figures
22 22

AREVA T&D at a glance

Annual sales

Presence in more than

3,212M

100 countries

Employees

Industrial sites

22,094 ,

67

Global and comprehensive assets

Source: AREVA T&D Year End December 2005 Figures
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Competitive Landscape

Notes: - 2005 data proforma (estimation) - For the Top 3 players (ABB, Siemens and Areva ,figures based on published financial figures with scope adjustment) - Constant exchange rate : 1 USD = 0.80510 - Source: Company information, Areva T&D Strategic Marketing Analysis * Following VA Tech acquisition
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AREVA T&D: n3 on the market

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Strong worldwide positioning

Europe
N1 N2 ABB Siemens

N3 AREVA T&D
Market size: 12 bn

Americas
N1 N2 ABB Siemens N1 N2

Asia Pacific
ABB Siemens

N3 AREVA T&D
Market size: 9 bn

N3 AREVA T&D
Market size: 14 bn

Africa - Middle East

N1 ABB N2 Siemens N3 AREVA T&D

Market size: 7 bn

Source: 2005 AREVA T&D estimates

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Key data for 2005

X Sales revenue by region (in %) X Employees by region (in %)

Total sales: 3,212M

Source: 2005 AREVA annual report
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Total workforce: 22,094

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One commitment to customers

Products BU
Product line 1... Product line... Product line 9

Sales & Marketing Community

Sales & Marketing

Region nal Marketing force

S t Systems BU Service
Product line 1... Product line 4

Cou untry Sales force

Customers

Key y Account Management

Automation BU
Product line 1... Product line 3

One commitment to customers

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Strong proximity to our clients

Central CentralEurope Europe& &Western WesternAsia Asia

Local presence in 12 regions

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AREVA T&D organization chart

Chairman & CEO Philippe Guillemot

International Sales Organization & Sales Community Performance Marco Graziano

Human Resources Laurent Mareschal

Performance & Country Shared Services Optimization Ahmed Bennour

Control & Financing Karim Vissandjee

Products Business Unit Marius Vassoille Automation A t ti B Business i U Unit it & Service Product Line Laurent Demortier Systems Business Unit Michel Augonnet

Strategy & Marketing Sbastien de Montessus

Legal Pierre Laporte

Communications Leslie Asch Guillon

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X AREVA Group Overview X AREVA T&D Overview

AREVA T&D Businesses

X AREVA T&D Offering

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Our Businesses

PRODUCTS

SYSTEMS

AUTOMATION

SERVICE

HV Switchgear Power and Distribution Transformers Measurement Transformers MV Switchgear

Turnkey Transmission Projects Turnkey Distribution Projects Power Electronics Decentralized Power Supply Systems

Automation Products Automation Systems Automation Support

Network Consulting Erection & Commissioning Maintenance & Repair & Retrofit Spare Parts Training and Expertise Proximity Projects Total Asset Care

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Products Business
X Generator circuit breakers, circuit breakers, disconnectors, GIS equipment, power and distribution transformers, measurement transformers, primary and secondary distribution equipment X Capabilities:
55 sites in 26 countries including:
Manufacturing and assembly sites, close to markets Site for final product adjustments located near the customers

Advanced technologies & superior product offering

Source: AREVA T&D Year End December 2005 Figures
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Systems Business
X Transmission and distribution substations X Power electronics for HVDC, DC supply, electrolysis and FACTs XConnection to the grid and distribution networks for large industry/infrastructures and power generation XDecentralized energy projects, such as biomass and biogas X Capabilities:
23 sites in 19 countries in Europe, North & South America, Asia, the Middle East and Africa

Global engineering & project management expertise

Source: AREVA T&D Year End December 2005 Figures
33 33

Automation Business
X Automation Products:
Digital protection, measurement and data communication

X Automation Systems:
EMS, DMS, MMS, substation automation and data communication X Automation Support: Integrated refurbishment, protection monitoring, hardware life cycle, system reliability, system upgrade and expert training

X Capabilities: C biliti
7 product assembly lines, 18 engineering centers 20 service centers

The world leader in EMS / DMS / MMS

Source: AREVA T&D Year End December 2005 Figures
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Service Business
X Traditional product services covering all T&D equipment X Network consulting, expertise and training X Proximity P i it projects j t X Total asset care solutions X Capabilities: C biliti
2,100 service experts close to our customers 8 Product service competence centers Present in more than 20 countries

S Service i based b d on product d t manufacturing f t i know-how k h

Source: AREVA T&D Year End December 2005 Figures
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XAREVA Group Overview XAREVA T&D Overview XAREVA T&D Businesses

AREVA T&D Offering

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AREVA T&D: A fully-fledged player

Ultra High-voltage Transmission

High-voltage Transmission

Primary Distribution

Secondary Distribution

Low-voltage Applications

g equipment q p Gas-insulated switching Circuit breakers including generator circuit breakers

Products

Power transformers

Distribution transformers

Instrument transformers Disconnectors Switchboards, MV switchgear and prefabricated substations High-voltage substations Power distribution

Systems

Power electronics Distributed energy Automation products

Automation Service
Source: AREVA T&D Year End December 2005 Figures
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Automation systems Automation support Care - Imagine - Master - Anticipate

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Complete portfolio of electricity transmission & distribution

Products

Generator Circuit Breakers

Power Transformers

Instrument Transformers

Gas-Insulated Substations

Circuit Breakers

Disconnectors

Primary Distribution

Secondary Distribution

Distribution Transformers

Systems

Substations

Power Electronics

Distributed Energy

Power Distribution

Automation

Automation Products

Automation Systems

Automation Support

Service

Maintenance & Repair

Erection & Commissioning

Retrofit

Spare Parts

Total Asset Care

Training & Network Consulting

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Systems, Automation & Products: leading positions in all areas

Instrument Transformers Disconnectors Substations for Transmission Automation Gas Insulated Switchgears Circuit Breakers Power Transformers HVDC Substations for Distribution Primary Distribution

N1
Static Power Supply Generator Circuit Breakers

N2

N3

Distribution Transformers Secondary Di t ib ti Distribution

Transmission focus
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Distribution and industry focus

N4
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Transmission & Distribution functionalities

Generation
Transform voltages Switch Measure Protect g the flows Manage Interconnect networks

For each function, AREVA T&D offers: Products Systems Service

End user
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AREVA T&Ds Offering

Transform voltage

Power Transformers

Distribution Transformers

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AREVA T&Ds Offering

Switch

High-Voltage Switchgear

Medium-Voltage Switchgear

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AREVA T&Ds Offering

Measure

Current Transformers

Voltage Transformers

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AREVA T&Ds Offering

Protect

HV Protection Relays

MV Protection Relays

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AREVA T&Ds Offering

Manage the flows

E Energy M Management S Systems

Di ib i Distribution Management M Systems S

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AREVA T&Ds Offering

Interconnect networks

HVAC

HVDC

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Offers adapted to your activities

X Examples:
Power Engineering Oil & Gas Passenger Transport Wind Farms

Nuclear Hydro Thermal

Upstream Downstream LNG plant

Interurban Urban

Offshore Onshore

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Full solutions for Power Plants

X Electrical solutions for connecting power plants to the grid and for in-house electricity distribution
120 years of expertise in electrical solutions for power generation Customized contracts from single equipment supply to global solutions Power quality and disturbance monitoring Software solutions for optimizing power plant assets Long term service agreements Long-term

Full solutions for connecting nuclear, nuclear hydro, thermal power plants to the grid
48 48

Full solutions for all Oil & Gas Processes

X At every step of the way, through exploration and production, storage and transportation and the transformation/refining process, we offer:
A full range of MV/LV equipment for platforms, FPSO* HV/MV/LV equipment for onshore applications Electrical control systems including power management Energy optimization solutions Containerized electrical solutions Long-term service agreements

*FPSO: floating production storage offloading

Full solutions for upstream LNG plants and downstream Oil & Gas projects
49 49

Full solutions for Rail, Metro & Tram

X For the entire railway electrical infrastructure: railways, metros, tramways, and electrified freight carriage, as well as locomotives, EMU (electrical multiple unit), stations, tunnels and other facilities, we offer:
A full range of products for AC (16.7/50/60Hz) or DC electricity supply Adapted equipment for rolling stock such as traction transformers Long-term Long term service agreements

Advanced solutions and systems for the Rail sector

50 50

Full solutions for Wind Farms

X For both onshore and offshore wind farms, we offer:
Power system design and grid studies HVDC and HVAC links Pre-designed solutions for equipment to connect wind farms to the grid SVC for power quality management Energy trading and asset management software Switchgear and distribution transformers for large wind generators Long-term service agreements

Full solutions to integrate your wind farm to the grid

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XAREVA Group Overview XAREVA T&D Overview XAREVA T&D Businesses XAREVA T&D Offering
AREVA T&D Power Electronics HVDC & FACTS

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AREVA T&D SYSTEMS BU

Business Unit Support functions
Finance Luis Flaquer Sourcing Oli i Seignovert Olivier S i t Communications Toni Lepone

SYSTEMS SYSTEMS BU BU Michel Michel Augonnet Augonnet

Assistant Dominique q Dupont p

HR & collective performance Dominique Vincent Operations O ti Paul Brossier

Product lines

Region 1 Rathin Basu

Region 2 Jean Nakache

Power Electronics

Distributed Energy Gilles David

Sub-Product lines
Distribution Segment (DIS) Graham Johnson SYS 1 Transmission Segment (TRA) Y. Grandjean / J. Castro SYS 2

A. Canelhas

J.C. Iemma

HVDC & FACTS

SPS

DEN

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kV 500

HVDC & FACTS S b P d t Line Sub-Product Li

Power Electronics Scope of Activities

Power Flow Control

HVDC: for both Back to Back and Point to Point schemes (overhead line or cable)
HVDC

Power Quality
FACTS: SVC, STATCOM.. for Utilities and Industry

Power Supplies
Electrolysis substation: for production of aluminium, aluminium chlorine, copper, zinc up to 500kA -1500VDC.
38

Traction substation: for both AC and DC supplies

FACTS

Special p supplies, pp , e.g. g laboratories

15 1.5 0 0 2 4 6 500 TRACTION ELECTROLYSIS kA

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Power Electronics HVDC & FACTS Sub-Product Line

HVDC & FACTS A.Canelhas VP
Finance R. Subramanian Technical T h i l Advisor Ad i J. Courault R&D for Control Systems A. Relet Operations (shared with SPL) B. Baudry Commercial C i l Director Di t E. Moutaux Business Development S. Jourden, N. Kirby, P. Sauger R. Bonchang Marketing Director R. Critchley UK (PES) A. Canelhas Tendering S t System E i Engineering i Technology R&D Sourcing
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China A. Canelhas (acting) India A. Bhardwaj j

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Power Electronic Activities Interacting Key Domains

System Studies/Design
Power transformer Machine

MICROELECTRONIC C O C O C COMPONENTS

POWER COMPONENTS

ALGORITHMS
R b t Robustness

TOPOLOGY
POWER INTEGRATION COOLING

AREVA T&D PEA

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Basic HVDC Transmission

Rectifier Sending E d End Transformer Vdc DC link Inverter Receiving End

Idc

F Harmonic Filter (Reactive Power)

i Iac t

Idc

i Iac t t

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Basic HVDC Transmission Back to Back

Rectifier Sending E d End Transformer Vdc Idc F

Inverter

Receiving End

F Harmonic Filter (Reactive Power)

i Iac t

Idc

i Iac t t

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Basic HVDC Transmission Point to Point Overhead Line

Rectifier Sending E d End Transformer Vdc Inverter Receiving End

DC Line

Idc F F Harmonic Filter (Reactive Power) i Iac t t i Idc i Iac t

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Basic HVDC Transmission Point to Point Submarine Cable

Rectifier Sending E d End Transformer Vdc Idc F F Harmonic Filter (Reactive Power) i Iac t t i Idc i Iac t Inverter Receiving End

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Basic HVDC Transmission Point to Point Underground Cable

Rectifier Sending E d End Transformer Vdc Idc F F Harmonic Filter (Reactive Power) i Iac t t i Idc i Iac t Inverter Receiving End

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Classical 12-pulse HVDC Scheme Main Equipment

DC Reactances Converter Transformers DC Filters Thyristor Bridges

~
F F F F

Vdc

~
F F F F

_
DC line Switched Filter Banks

Switched Filter Banks

3-phase, 3 phase, 6-pulse 6 pulse bridge

Many thyristors connected in series

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HVDC Configuration Options Monopole & Bipole Monopole example at 500 MW

500 MW Monopole

F F F F AC Pole 1 500 MW

HV Cable

+
Pole 1 500 MW

F F F F

LV Cable

AC

Bipole example built from two 500 MW poles

1000 MW Bipole
F F F F Pole 1 500 MW AC F F F F Pole 2 500 MW Pole 2 500 MW LV Cable

HV Cable

+
Pole 1 500 MW

F F F F

AC F F F F

HV Cable

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HVDC What are the Market Drivers?

Geographic mismatch of energy supply and load

demand
Including g off-shore wind farm g generation

Energy Trading Deregulation System Improvement Insurance against, dips, interruptions & blackouts
How to value in the Return on Investment equation?

The Perfect Tool

64 64

Advantages of HVDC Links

The Power Flow on an HVDC link is Fully Controllable - Fast and
Accurate!
The Operator or automatic controller determines how much power flows via the link An HVDC Link is asynchronous - the ac voltage and frequency in the two ac networks can be controlled independently of each other. The HVDC link can be used to assist one (or even both) of the ac networks (e.g. power system damping) HVDC links do not increase the Short Circuit Level of the system

Faults dont transfer across HVDC interconnected systems HVDC provides increased Transmission Capacity in a fixed corridor
Up Up to 3 times more power per tower tower

HVDC can transport energy economically and efficiently over longer

distance than ac lines or cables.

Sometimes HVDC is the only option!

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Why Use HVDC?

C Connection ti of f remote t generation ti

>700km

Station Cost

Submarine links
>40km

Frequency conversion
50 60Hz 50-60Hz

DC Convertor S i Stations

DC AC

Break Even Distance

When synchronism of AC connections is impossible

AC Stations Transmission Distance

The Perfect Tool

66 66

More Power Per Tower

1850MVA

1850MW

5550MW

AC

DC

DC

Up to 3 Times More Power

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AREVA - Pioneers in HVDC

Inventors of Phase Locked Loop (1960s - now Industry standard) ) 3-terminal HVDC scheme AC system damping control 4-terminal HVDC scheme Largest capacity (2000MW) submarine cable scheme scheme, with highest utilisation of all such schemes No smoothing reactor required Four-winding converter transformers Operation at less than unity short-circuit power ratio Water/Glycol single circuit cooling system Unmanned HVDC scheme Black-start capability at receiving end I Inverter t current t control t l Operation without telecommunications Creating a national grid using back-to-back HVDC

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Our HVDC Experience

Nelson River OHL BP1 1000MW 1973/93 BP2 2000 MW 1978/85 * De-icer+SVC 250MW 2006 Konti-Skan 1 380MW Cable 2006 Drnrohr D h * 380MW B-B 1983/97 Cheju-Haenam Cheju Haenam 300MW Cable 1999

McNeill 150MW B-B 1989

UK-France 2000MW Cable 1986

SACOI 380MW Cable +OHL 1967/85/93

Chandrapur 2 x500MW B-B 1997 Vizag 500MW B-B 1999 Sasaram 500MW B-B 2001

GCCIA BtB 3 x 600MW 2008 Rivera 70MW B-B 2000

Cahora Bassa * 1920MW OHL 1978

* AREVA T&D partnering with the German HVDC Group

~20% Market Share of HVDC Projects

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AREVA T&D Some Examples of our HVDC Experience

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Sardinia Corsica Italy SACOI 200 MW 200 kV Monopole Overhead Line plus
S b Submarine i Cable C bl

Commissioned 1967 Corsica tap added in 1986

Italy Corsica

Sardinia
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Nelson River
 1620MW, 465kV
MANITOBA

Hudson Bay

Hydro y electric over 900km supplying half of Manitobas load

Limestone 1330 MW Longspruce 980 MW Kettle 1272 MW Lake Winnipeg

 Co Commissioned ss o ed 1972-77 9  Pole 1 re-valved and uprated

in 1992-93

Winnipeg

ONTARIO

 First scheme where HVDC link

was used for AC system damping
Generator frequencies

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Nelson River HVDC Effect of Damping Controls

Hz 64 62 60 58 10 Hz 0.2 0.1 0 -0.1 -0.2 10 20 30 OFF Hz 64 62 60 58 10 Kettle Generator Speed Hz 0.2 0.1 0 -0.1 20 30 10 20 30 Manitoba Equivalent Machine Frequency
73

ON

t (sec) 20 30

-0.2

t (sec)

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Cross Channel Sellindge Converter Station 2000MW double bipole HVDC scheme In service 1985/86, Air cooled valves SVC per bipole Worlds largest HVDC cable scheme Availability A il bilit
Specified = 95 % Achieved > 97 97.5 5%
Bipole 2 Control Building Filters Bipole 1

Highest Utilization of
all HVDC Schemes
99.5%
EdF stated that the scheme paid for itself 4 times over in the first 10 years of operation!
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Filters

Cable Route

SVC 2

400kV GIS Substation

SVC 1

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South Korea - Cheju Cable Link

 300 MW, 180 kV, 840 A  100km 100k submarine b i cable bl link li k  Commissioned 1997  Sole power source to loadload
growth island

Seoul

S. KOREA

 First HVDC link with:

Inverter control of current Operation without telecoms Bl k t t at Black-start t receiving i i end d

Cheju

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Korea - Cheju Cable Link

Cheju Site Thyristor Valves Electrode Station

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McNeill: Alberta-Saskatchewan, Canada

150MW, Back to Back Remote site Extreme climatic conditions First HVDC link with:
Single circuit water/glycol cooling of valves No dc smoothing reactor Four-winding converter transformers Short-circuit power ratio of less than unity Completely unmanned operation remote controlled from regional control centre
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Edmonto n

CANADA

McNeill +/-150MW

USA
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ALSTOM HVDC in India Creating a National Grid

Sasaram 500 MW 2002

Chandrapur 2 x 500 MW 1997

Visakhapatnam 500 MW 1998

2 000 MW HVDC 2,000 C supplied by ALSTOM S O

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The Perfect HVDC Solution

Sasaram 500MW Back-to-Back HVDC Project

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Back to Back HVDC Valve Hall India

High Reliability, High-tech Valves for India

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Recent experiences

2006: Successful commissioning of the HVDC link

between Denmark and Sweden

2005: Order booked in Canada for an HVDCiceTM

HVDC that can be reconfigured as an SVC

2005: Order booked in Saudi Arabia for a 3*660 MW

HVDC schemes for Gulf countries networks interconnection: GCCIA project p j

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HVDC link between Denmark and Sweden Replace Pole 1 of HVDC submarine
link: Denmark to Sweden
KS1 KS2

Two new converter stations

Danish same site as Pole 2 Swedish move to be at same site as Pole 2

Addition Additi of f a bi-pole bi l control t l system t

Enables high-level control of the existing Pole 2 as well as the new Konti-Skan 1 pole p Automatic balancing currents to cancel current flow in the sea

Converter stations fully automated

Control to be from a dispatch centre in Stockholm

Power increase to full cable rating

From 275MW to 380MW From 250kV to 285kV
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Hydro-Quebecs problem During the ice storm in the

winter of 1998, an accumulation of ice toppled towers and downed hundreds of kilometres of high-voltage transmission lines.

The ice storm generated ice

buildup as much as 75mm

Around 1.4 1 4 million people in

Qubec were without power for up to a week

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The Solution AREVA de-icer . HVDCice Another application of HVDC technology AREVA HVDCice technology
Generates up to 7,200 Adc to increase conductor temperature causing ice to melt and fall off

1st project for Hydro Quebec at Levis

substation, b t ti a hub h b that th t connects t five fi strategic t t i lines

When not used for de-icing, system will act as

an SVC to t improve i the th power quality lit of f the th local transmission network.

Mode changeover < 30 minutes In Service November 2006

HVDCice World's first use of HVDC to de-ice power lines

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De-Icer Mode of Operation

HP1 55MVAr 5/7/11/13 70MVAr

7,200A dc

DC & 60Hz Filters

315kV

43kV

20kV TSC 154MVAr HP2 55MVAr

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. To SVC Mode of Operation

HP1 55MVAr 5/7/11/13 70MVAr

315kV

43kV

TCR

20kV TSC 154MVAr HP2 55MVAr

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GCCIA:Gulf countries networks interconnection

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GCCIA : first HVDC in Gulf countries

 Turnkey contract
for three 600 MW nominal i l power back-to-back HVDC schemes

616MW to be
installed per scheme to compensate f tolerances for t l and transmission losses

 Contract signed in
Nov 2005

 Commissioning by
end 2008.

GCCIA: Site Location

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GCCIA: Scope of Works

Turnkey Solution

3 HVDC Back to Back schemes will connect the 50Hz 400kV

(Saudi Arabia) and 60Hz 380 kV ac grids

Each Back to Back rated at 600MW & located at the same site
But independent in operation

Each converter station will consist of:

AC switchyards with harmonic filter bays Converter transformers Thyristor valves and controls Civil Works Cable connection to existing & New Substations

Onerous cooling requirements as ambient is +55 550C

Stringent limitations in use of water prevents use of evaporative cooling techniques
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Latest Technology H400 HVDC Valves Uses considerably fewer, state-of-the-art thyristor devices Future-proofed p for devices known to be made available during g
next 10 years

Modular using a standardised

approach

Significant increase in reliability Greater power per valve module

Reduces building sizes

>40% reduction in cost

compared to previous version

Classified as world-beating by
TransEnergie of Canada
Worlds most advanced HVDC user
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HVDC Valves

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H400 Valve Module Building Block

Thyristor Clamped Assemblies

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Thyristor Clamped Assembly

GRP clamping p straps

Thyristor

Heatsink with coolant connection

Power connection
Loading adaptor for thyristor changing tool
93 93

H400: Latest Technology HVDC Valves KontiSkan HVDC Scheme

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VSC HVDC

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VSC HVDC Scheme Main Equipment

DC Link Capacitors Converter Transformer Transistor Bridge DC Chopper, discharge & O/V protection Converter Reactor

+
Vdc 0V Vdc
F F

RFI Reactor

_
DC cable

Non-switched High Frequency Filters

Many transistors connected in series 3-phase bridge, PWM 1- 2kHz

96 96

Why VSC HVDC? - 1 VSC is close to an ideal component for use in T&D networks It acts as a motor or a generator, without mass, that can
power simultaneously y control active and reactive p

VSC offers many benefits compared to classical LCC

Black Start capability
VSC generates t its it own AC voltage lt in i the th receiving i i system t with ith controlled amplitude and phase angle Can connect to a weak or isolated network (or load) without the need for equipment to provide a commutation voltage (Synchronous Compensator)

No possibility of commutation failure Can use standard transformers Minimal filtering requirements only high frequency (2-4kHz) Active and reactive power independently controlled in one equipment
Capacitive as well as inductive reactive power Fast response
97 97

Why VSC HVDC? - 2 VSC offers many benefits compared to classical LCC Contd
No filter or other reactive power switching required Compact dimensions and lower weight
Mainly due to very small filtering requirements

Power reversal by adjusting the DC voltage at both converter stations

No polarity reversal required ideal for cable schemes using much lower cost and weight extruded cables No control mode changes or blocking required

S Smooth th power flow, fl right i ht down d to t zero

No discontinuous current flows

High dynamic control performance Built-in STATCOM functionality to help support the grid Multi-terminal configurations are simple
Many y terminals can easily y incorporated p

Very fast recovery from network faults

Due to no need for large reactive power banks
98 98

Disadvantages of VSC HVDC

Higher capital equipment cost

T i ll 15% Typically

Higher power loss

More than double that of classical LCC, usually 3 times

EMC issues much more important Immature technology Inherently has lower reliability
Due to much greater component count
100s of small IGBT chips versus 1 thyristor slice

Not used for overhead lines yet

Most probably because of problems of protection against lightning

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Typical Classical & VSC HVDC Losses ~500MW nominal load Converter stations
Classical VSC HVDC 0.6% 1.8% (2 level with optimised PWM)

200km of cable
Cl Classical i l VSC HVDC 1 4% 1.4% 1.8%

Scheme total
Classical VSC HVDC
100

2.0% 5.4%

- need 510MW in to get 500MW out - need 528MW in to get 500MW out

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Reliability/Availability Issues Classical HVDC

Uses single slice thyristors, which are easier to protect:
They have a significant surge rating capability Switching is regenerative

Fewer devices in series and associated auxiliaries

State of art is 8.5kV, 125mm diameter devices

Pressure contact double sided cooling keeps silicon cooler Simple gate drive with low PSU requirements Less cooling plant
For devices and the building

Filters are at lower frequencies More complex transformers Well proven technology
Developed over >40 years

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Reliability/Availability issues VSC HVDC

E h IGBT i Each is made d f from many small ll chips hi
Virtually no surge rating Non-regenerative switching

- Devices de de-saturate saturate under overcurrent 2.5kV devices, therefore many more items to put in series
Pressure contact to emmiter has to be via springs
Th f Therefore effectively ff ti l single i l sided id d cooled l d Even more devices needed to meet ratings

More cooling plant equipment needed

F both For b th d devices i and d building b ildi

Very complex gate drive with high PSU requirements

Created from switching action

Filters are at higher frequency Simpler transformer As yet, immature technology

IGBT chip
102 102

Monopole, Bipole and Bipolar Monopole

Loss of link if one cable or one leg of converter goes out of service
Classical
HV Cable F F F F Pole 1 LV Cable

+V
Pole 1

F F F F

12 pulse bridge +V VSC HVDC

0V

6 pulse bridge

-V

+V and V equates to bipolar operation to create sinewave at the AC side It is not a BIPOLE
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HVDC Configuration Options Bipole p

Loss of only 50% power if one cable or one leg of converter goes out of service
Classical
F F Pole 1 LV Cable F F Pole 2 HV Cable Pole 1 F F

Requires 2 fully insulated cables

HV Cable

F F Pole 2

VSC HVDC
Requires 4 fully insulated cables

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Comparison of Classical HVDC and VSC Transmission

Classical HVDC VSC Transmission
Station Cost Power Losses Reliability/Availability Control of reactive power Operation into passive AC network Footprint Proven experience P i (Service life) Power range Long distance transmission
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Various FACTS Applications

Network System Operation Concerns System insecurity

Continuous change and restructuring Power transfers: utility/utility.country/country

Network congestion & constraints

Becoming more & more heavily loaded Operated in ways not originally designed/planned Flexibility required to cope with diverse generation and load patterns.Renewables Stability and voltage limits, network flow control

Lack of previously held tools

Control of generation, etc

All in an environment of:

Deregulation, politics, economics, environmental issues...
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The Solution - FACTS

Flexible AC Transmission Systems

FACTS devices are used for the dynamic control of voltage,

impedance p and phase p angle g of high g voltage g AC transmission lines. They offer:
Better utilisation (optimisation) of existing, and new, AC systems
Increase transfer capacity (by at least 30%), reduce losses Maintain voltage profile under many network operating conditions

Increased system reliability & availability Improved dynamic system stability

Both during and after faults

Increased quality of supply for sensitive industries Environmental benefits

All with substantially less investment and environmental

impact than classical reinforcement of the grid.

Insurance for the Transmission System Operator

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FACTS Types Shunt connected

MSC MSCDN SVC RSVC Mechanically Switched Capacitor Mechanically Switched Capacitive Damping Network Static VAr Compensator Relocatable Static VAr Compensator

STATCOM Static Synchronous Compensator (VSC based)

Series connected
FSC TCSC SSSC UPFC IPFC Fixed Series Capacitor compensator Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor Compensator St ti S Static Series i Synchronous S h Compensator C t (VSC b based) d) Unified Power Flow Controller (VSC based) Interline Power Flow Controller ( (VSC based) )

SVC is the most popular FACTS device

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MSC MSCDN

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Purposes of MSC/MSCDN

Non-dynamic steady state voltage control Features F t

Stepwise control arrangement Infrequent use only

MSCDNs require system studies to determine required

d damping i characteristics h t i ti

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SVCs

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What are SVCs?

An SVC is a continuously adjustable impedance from

capacitance (+ve) through to inductance (-ve)
It can q quickly y respond p to network changes g to precisely p y counterbalance the variations caused by a load or a fault

SVCs are shunt compensation systems

Independent I d d t devices d i connected t d at t appropriate i t points i t on the transmission system

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SVCs A Washing Line Analogy

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SVCs A Washing Line Analogy

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SVCs A Washing Line Analogy

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SVCs A Washing Line Analogy

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SVCs A Washing Line Analogy

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SVCs A Washing Line Analogy

Props

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Why use Utility SVCs?

No Load 0MW Ferranti Overvoltage Effect

400kV

Full Load: 800MW System Collapse

800 km

800MW 800MW 800MW Generati Generati Generation on on

800MW 800MW 800MW Variable Variable Variable Load Load Load

Uncompensated lines are too short

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Why use Utility SVCs?

0MW 400kV 800MW

800 km

800MW 800MW 800MW Generati Generation Generati on on

SVC

SVC

800MW 800MW 800MW Variable Variable Variable Load Load Load

SVCs dynamically regulate the network by providing or absorbing reactive power power. - Transmission line capacity is increased
121 121

SVC dynamic stability in action

Voltage PU

With SVC (fast recovery and low voltage dip

1.0 With SVC (much faster recovery with lower voltage dip)

0.75

Without SVC (may just recover, but large voltage dip experienced )

0.5

0
122

0.25

0.5

0.75

Without SVC (heading for system collapse) Time Seconds 1.0

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SVC: Power Oscillation Damping

Transmitted Power

With SVC

No SVC

Time

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Summary of Purposes of SVC

XSteady St d State St t
Regulates voltage profile, particularly in weak systems
By providing or absorbing reactive power

Improves system power flow capacity

Reduce or eliminate requirement for new lines

Reduces system y losses & maximizes capability p y of assets

X Dynamic
Post fault recovery Power oscillation/swing damping Improves system stability margins Reduction of voltage fluctuations (flicker) Balancing single phase loads Reduces educes the t e incidence c de ce o of b black/brown-outs ac /b o outs

SVC increases transmission line capacity

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Components of an SVC Example: +150/-75MVAr

Local network voltage

support

Better utilisation of
existing AC systems
75MVAr 75MVAr Thyristor Switched Capacitor s
125

75MVAr Thyristor Controlle d Reactor

Improves system
stability

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Our SVC Experience

8568 MVAr

1654 MVAr

8951 MVAr

3753 MVAr

1422 MVAr

24.3 GVAr SVCs Installed World-wide

21% Market Share of World-wide SVC Projects 225 projects in 38 different countries
126 126

Some Recent SVC References

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-75/+150MVAr SVC NGT, Lovedean, UK

Customer - National Grid

Transco

Utility SVC Local network voltage

support

400kV substation Connected to 13kV

transformer tertiary winding

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Inner City SVC St. Johns Wood, London. 2 x -106/+150MVAr

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-200/+237MVAr SVC WAPA, Watertown, USA

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145MVAr SVC Xcel Energy, Lake Yankton, USA To minimize voltage
fluctuations during weak AC system conditions

Associated with
connection of wind farms

115kV In-service: September

2004
No trips p to date

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-120/+280Mvar SVC Transgrid, Armidale, Australia

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150MVAr SVC Project Manitoba Hydro, Ponton, Canada Very remote location:
600km north of Winnipeg Extremely weak point in the electrical network Operating temperatures:
-500C to + 400C

Un-manned Un manned substation 230kV Immunity u ty against aga st

Geomagnetic Interference

Very low noise limits!

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Compact Relocatable SVCs (RSVC)

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What are Relocatable SVCs?

A relocatable SVC adds flexibility

C bi for Cabins f indoor i d equipment i t
Valves and controls, etc

Skids for outdoor equipment

Reactors, capacitors, etc

Factory assembled & tested Reduced civil works Small footprint Site work minimized 3-6 month relocation

The Flexible Option

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Compact SVC: Worlds First Relocatable Unit

 Delivered to CERN, , Switzerland in 1987  Single cabin ratings up to 38kV, 200 Mvar
T 0738

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Relocatable SVC on its way to Iron Acton

Power on the Move

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RSVC at Iron Acton, UK

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Relocatablity

Two SVCs relocated in

UK during 2004/05

X 8 relocatable SVCs delivered to NGT, UK starting t ti from f 1992

Reactive Power Compensation on the Move

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RSVC on the Move

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AREVA T&Ds latest SVC technology

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S500 SVC Features    

25% of physical size of previous versions Up to 38kV AC connection Fixed or Re-locatable versions Shares 80% of components with H400 HVDC valve

New low cost, advanced, SVC control system already available il bl

Proven on Manitoba Hydro/Ponton SVC


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Delivery times from 9 to 15 months depending on scheme complexity

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Technical Solution Electrically equivalent valve modules Physical size comparison

S500 module S350 equivalent rated module

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S500 SVC Valve

3-phase valve 1 module per phase 200 MVA MVAr valve l TCR and TSC versions Relocatable or
traditional buildings

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VSC Based FACTS

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Types of VSC FACTS STATCOM Static St ti Synchronous S h Compensator C t

Connected in shunt to the network Acts like a Synchronous Condenser without inertia and moving parts, but with much faster response to disturbances
Transistor Bridge RFI R Reactor t Coupling Transformer Non-switched High Frequency Filters DC Link Capacitor
F F

Transistor bridge can be built using same PEBB modules as used in VSC HVDC

Many transistors connected in series 3-phase bridge, PWM 1- 2kHz

146 146

STATCOM Characteristics Compared to Classical SVC

System Voltage (p.u.) (p u) 1.0 p.u.

Classical SVC STATCOM

0.4 p.u.

1.0 p p.u. Capacitive Current (Leading)

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Inductive Current (Lagging)

1.0 p p.u.

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Types of VSC FACTS SSSC Static Synchronous Series Compensator

Similar to STATCOM but connected in series with the network, k with i h transformer f coupling li Provides series compensation by directly controlling the voltage across the series impedance effected by the t transformer f primary i winding i di Uses:
To control power flow in lines To prevent sub-synchronous resonance

Transistor bridge can be built using same PEBB modules as used in VSC HVDC

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Types of VSC FACTS UPFC Unified Power Flow Controller

Combination of a STATCOM and an SSSC STATCOM keeps the DC link charged as well as controlling the ac voltage amplitude at the point of connection As DC charge is maintained the SSSC can inject a voltage into the ac line at any phase angle Can control, individually or in combination, all three important transmission parameters
Voltage impedance Voltage, impedance, angle

Can control both active and reactive power flows in the line

Transistor bridges can be built using i same PEBB modules d l as used in VSC HVDC SSSC
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STATCOM
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Why VSC FACTS? - 1 Grid sees the device as a synchronous machine without
inertia
Offers sub-cycle sub cycle response

Do not require large reactive components (capacitors and

shunt reactors) to provide inductive and capacitive reactive power
Compact leading to minimum footprint

Operating range is wider than a classical SVC

Higher reactive output at lower system voltages Robust recovery support under severe system disturbances Significantly improved voltage control, particularly under contingencies

Higher dynamic response characteristics than a classical

SVC
Due to high switching frequency PWM Can mitigate voltage flicker problems
150 150

Why VSC FACTS? - 2 Power oscillation damping capabilities For optimum dynamic voltage balancing/support the phases
are independently controlled during system disturbances
Important for rapidly fluctuating asymmetrical loads

Low losses at zero output, losses increase smoothly with

b th capacitive both iti and d inductive i d ti output t t

Active filtering capability Modular converter design leads to wide range of ratings and
a wide range of operational topologies

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Disadvantages of VSC FACTS Higher capital equipment cost

~15%

EMC issues much more important Immature technology Inherently has lower reliability
Due to much greater component count
100s of little IGBT chips v 1 thyristor slice

Complexity

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Recent VSC Based FACTS Reference

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Glenbrook STATCOM Northeast Utilities, USA Two 75Mvar

STATCOMs

Required to assist in
post fault recovery
From double circuit faults

Commissioned 2004

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FACTS Solutions S l ti Comparison Charts

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Choice of Shunt Reactive Power Compensator

Equipment Land Cost Losses Speed of Voltage Harmonic Application area response control performance MSC 0.8 0.6 0.2 Slow Step Possible resonance Harmonic damping Predictable, slow, 2x day load changes Predictable, slow, 2x day y load changes

MSCDN

0.8

0.7

0.25

Slow

p Step

SVC

1.0

1.0

1.0

Fast

Vernier

Needs filters Dynamic compensation Fault recovery Needs filters Dynamic compensation Fault recovery Low harmonic output Dynamic compensation Fault recovery, LV operation, land constraints

RSVC

1.0

1.05

1.0

Fast

Vernier

STATCOM 0.6 06

1 15 1.15

10 1.0

Very fast Vernier

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 Best
Adequate Not appropriate
Solution Problem Voltage Control C Steady State Voltage Control Dynamic Phase Balancing Steady State Phase Balancing Dynamic Power Oscillation Damping Transient Stability Power Flow Steady y State Fault Current Limitation
M S C M S R SC SR P S T

Reactive Power Solutions

FACTS Devices
Shunt
SVC (TSR/ TCR/ TSC) STAT -COM D-STAT -COM SSSC (DVR) TCSC TSSC TPSC IPFC UPFC

Series

Combined

Circuit
MSC = Switched Capacitor MSR = Switched Reactor SC = Series Capacitor SR = Series Reactor PST = Phase Shifting Transformer SVC = Static Var Compensator TSC = Thyristor Switched Capacitor TSR = Thyristor Switched Reactor TCR = Thyristor Controlled Reactor DVR = Dynamic Voltage Restorer STATCOM = Static Synchronous Compensator D-STATCOM = Distribution STATCOM TSSC = Thyristor Switched Series Capacitor TCSC = Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor TPSC = Thyristor Protected Series Capacitor IPFC = Interline Power Flow Controller UPFC = Unified Power Flow Controller SSSC = Static Synchronous Series Compensator

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FACTS Applications The Way Forward Detailed Network Study

Investigate critical grid conditions Risks of voltage problems, power swings, resonances Define technical solution options
Traditional FACTS based

Economical study to compare various options against benefits

Create a functional specification

VAR compensation requirements Dynamics A ailabilit reliability Availability, reliabilit Environmental conditions
158 158

Control Systems

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Latest Technology Series V Control System

Common modular platform for all
power electronics solutions

Scalable, Scalable flexible and fully digital

 High Dynamic Performance  Extremely easy re-use of engineering
Experience capitalization

 Future proofed
Evergreen Evergreen Controls S/W architecture divorced from hardware as much as possible

Classified as significantly superior to

its closest rival by TransEnergie of Canada
Worlds World s most advanced HVDC user

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Series V: Overview of implementation Duplicated system for Back to Back HVDC

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Valve Test Facilities

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162

HVDC & FACTS Testing Valves are constructed from many large, high voltage
thyristors connected in series
Many hundreds of devices for HVDC

IEC standards dictate complex testing regimes for

thyristor valves which will get connected to transmission networks
Conventional testing laboratories cannot provide the required:
Level of power and its duration (days not seconds) Waveform complexity

So we have our own purpose built Valve Testing Facility

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Valve Test Facility Essential to be able to test HVDC and SVC valves to
international standards
During development D i contracts During t t

Facility established 1960s

Only 3 similar facilities exist in the world

Currently undergoing ~10M investment

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Valve Testing Dielectric testing

Requires amps not microamps

Operational Testing
Apply Representative Heating Current to the Valve Realistically Simulate the Required Repetitive Voltage and Current Switching Stresses Apply Voltage Impulses at Selected Times, while the Valve is Operating

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Valve Testing Simplified Circuit  Operation is based on interleaving of the outputs of two
independent, but synchronized, oscillators:
High Current circuit High Voltage Circuit

High Hi h Current C t Circuit

V1

High Hi hV Voltage lt Circuit

Test Valve and local circuit

 Can operate anywhere between 45Hz and 65Hz

166 166