CARIBBEAN STUDIES QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS: CAPE 2005

MODULE ONE: CARIBBEAN SOCIETY AND CULTURE

1. Identify the geographical sub-region to which St Lucia, Grenada and Antigua belong. (1 mark) - The Lesser Antilles 2. Name the chain of islands in the Caribbean which is located entirely in the Atlantic Ocean. (1 mark) - The Bahamas - Turks and Caicos islands 3. Explain what is meant by a historical definition of the Caribbean region. (2 marks) - This describes those islands that saw the impact of colonialism, slavery and indentureship - OR - This is the area colonized by European powers (Spanish, British, French and Dutch) and which has been deeply affected by the brand of European Colonialism. 4. Identify TWO of the boundaries of the geological Caribbean. (2 marks) - North- the line of the Greater Antilles - East - the line of Lesser Antilles - South - a line through Trinidad, Northern Venezuela and Colombia - West - the Western pacific Coast of Central America 5. Outline TWO different interpretations of the term culture. (4 marks) - Culture is defined as a way of life of a people where it includes all areas of life and therefore every human society has a culture; - Culture refers to the beliefs of a group of people; - Pop-culture includes elements of a societys arts and entertainment as television, radio readings, advertising, sports, hobbies, fads and fashions through effects of the mass media. 6. List TWO ways in which the term society can be defined. (2 marks) - People having a shared common purpose that structures their relationships and interactions; - People occupying a defined territorial space; - A group of people living together in a place over a long period of time.

7. Describe TWO problems that may arise in Caribbean society because of hybridization. (6 marks) Hybridization can lead to the creation of new cultures, when two or more cultures come into contact with each other. Hybridization may lead to two or more cultures trying to claim cultural, economic or political space Some races may assume a sense of superiority over races, based on the old plantation system and social stratification.

8. Describe TWO responses of Caribbean people to oppression. (4 marks) - Creation of Trade Unions - Migration - intra Caribbean and extra regional - Crime and Violence - Riots - Active Resistance - disobedience, revolts, rebellions and revolutions - Infanticide; suicide. - Destruction of plantation equipment and also self inflicted physical damage. 9. Explain ONE way in which religion has impacted on Caribbean people. (2 marks) - Religion was used as a means of retaining ancestral links - It was a decisive element in multi- religious societies, for example, Trinidad and Guyana (Christian, Hindu and Moslem) - It was a factor used in the expansion of education in Caribbean territories. In the aftermath of emancipation, many primary schools were opened by missionaries and religious organizations and today they continue to work. - Religion offered a source of comfort or a source of empowerment while experiencing violence, oppression and genocide 10. Describe TWO ways in which the Cuban residents in the United States impact on American politics. (4 marks) - They formed pressure groups to coerce Washington to continue to enforce the economic blockade against Cuba. - A large population of Cubans in Miami influence voting and governance in the US. - They actively supported the Helms Burton Act of 1996 which seeks to establish and maintain international sanctions against the Castro government and plan for a transitional government leading to a democratically elected government

11. Explain ONE way in which Caribbean migrant labor impacts on the economies of the countries of North America. (2 marks) - Helps to keep wages very low as a very large amount of migrants keep wages at minimum wage levels

MODULE TWO: ISSUES IN CARIBBEAN DEVELOPMENT

12. Explain what is meant by development. ( 2 marks) - Development is the ability of a country to advance economically, measured by changes in its per capita income as well as by the human development index which includes life expectancy and educational attainment. 13. List TWO indicators of development. ( 2 marks) - National income - Levels of unemployment 14. Identify TWO factors that influence development. (2 marks) - Distribution of wealth - Political ideologies - Gender equality - Natural disasters - Impact of the productive sector - investment 15. Explain the term globalization. (2 marks) - the process whereby flows of trade, finance and information between countries are broadened and deepened so that they function as one global market as if they had no borders. 16. Identify ONE international organization that facilitates globalization. (1 mark) - World Trade Organization(WTO) - International Monetary Fund (IMF) 17. State One effect of globalization on EACH of the following: Labor, Trade, Ideology - Labour- Benefits capitalist countries; - Trade- can lead to cultural penetration by extra-regional countries; Destruction of local production base. - Ideologies- facilitate the adoption and desire for first world lifestyles; Erasure/hybridization of culture, values and norms. 18. Identify TWO challenges faced by either CARIFTA or The West Indies Federation. ( 2 marks) CARIFTA - Unemployment rates and poverty - Leadership issues: Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago
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Inability to implement regional decisions Wide disparity among members in terms of per capita income

WEST INDIES FEDERATION Disputes over movement of people from one country to another Insularity/ parochialism Leadership issues: Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago Federal Government had no power

19. State how EACH of the following institutions has contributed to development of the region: CTO: Caribbean Tourism Organization - Creation of a single voice in the international arena - Provision of a sound body of knowledge through data collection, collation and research - Development and promotion of regional travel tourism programmes to and within the Caribbean - Provision of a sound body of knowledge UWI: University of the West Indies

Forum for regional integration Training persons to work in both public and private sectors, for, example tertiary education Providing regional research in tropical medicine and other fields

20. Explain the term Pan Africanism. - Pan Africanism is a philosophy based on the belief that African people and or people of African descent share common bonds and objectives. It advocates unity to achieve these objectives. There is also an understanding that black power or unity among black people is part of the philosophy. 21. Explain one way in which pan Africanism has contributed to the development of the region. - Pan Africanism has created public awareness of the plight of blacks especially in the Caribbean and the USA. - Pan Africanism has fostered greater cooperation internationally among blacks. 22. Explain the term negritude. - A literary and ideological movement led by Francophone black intellectuals, lecturers, writers and politicians.
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23. Explain what is meant by social justice. - When there is harmonious relationship among all classes of society and where there is equal social and economic opportunities made available to all citizens regardless of race, color, creed, age, sex or class. 24. Explain one way in which development is affected by breaches in social justice. - Discrimination on the basis of ethnicity, race or class affects development. Social services in the work place are still influenced by class and ethnicity. 25. Identify two terms of discrimination that may lead to social injustice. - Discrimination on the basis of gender - Racial discrimination

Outline the achievements and challenges of; The Caribbean institute of media and Communication (CARIMAC) and Caribbean Development Bank (CDB). The Caribbean institute of media and Communication (CARIMAC) - a program that effectively combined practical training in media with a sound theoretical base - It now offers up to the PhD in media and broadcasting. - Lack of will and participation of students. - A major challenge faced by the Institute is the size and condition of its building. The current building was erected 34 years ago with an annual intake of 31 students. The current intake is four times this. - The laboratories and studios do not provide a physical environment that is conducive to efficient teaching and learning. - The physical problems also affect the staff. Lecturers have been willing to share space, but this is inefficient in dealing with other aspects of teaching responsibilities, such as academic advising of students. - There is no space for our Adjunct Staff to sit and to meet students. - There is also inadequate space for the Administrative Staff some of whom are often unable to deal properly with students and other members of staff. Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) - The Caribbean Development Bank (CDB), is a regional financial
institution which was established by an Agreement signed on October 18, 1969, in Kingston, Jamaica, and entered into force on January 26, 1970. The Bank came into existence for the purpose of contributing to the harmonious economic growth and development of the member countries in the Caribbean and promoting economic cooperation and integration among them, having special and urgent regard to the needs of the less developed members of the region. to assist regional members in the coordination of their development programs with a view to achieving better utilization of their resources; making their economies more complementary, and promoting the orderly expansion of their international trade, in particular intraregional trade; to mobilize within and outside the region additional financial resources for the development of the region; to finance projects and programs contributing to the development of the region or any of the regional members; 6

to provide appropriate technical assistance to its regional members, particularly by undertaking or commissioning pre-investment surveys and by assisting in the identification and preparation of project proposals; monies pledged by some countries to the SDF (is used to make or to guarantee loans of high developmental priority, calling for longer maturities, longer deferred commencement of repayment of principal and lower interest rates than those determined for ordinary operations.) have not been contributed