Sara Patterson Inquiry Lesson How should I keep myself healthy?

Hand washing Learning Objective Students will practice thinking about models Students will create a meaningful hypothesis. Students will create a useful experiment. Assessment Criteria Students should recognize the germ gel as a model and describe it as a representation of the bacteria, but is not actually bacteria. Students will make a statement with both a claim and reasoning. (I think___ because___.) The proposed experiment will test the hypothesis. The proposed experiment will change only one variable at a time. The written conclusion will assess the experimental results and draw conclusions on which method is the best for hand washing.

Students will evaluate their data.

Benchmark/Standard:

Scientific investigations usually involve the collection of relevant data, the use of logical reasoning, and the application of imagination in devising hypotheses and explanations to make sense of the collected data. 1B/M1b* If more than one variable changes at the same time in an experiment, the outcome of the experiment may not be clearly attributable to any one variable. It may not always be possible to prevent outside variables from influencing an investigation (or even to identify all of the variables). 1B/M2ab

Prior Knowledge/Prior Conceptions: Instructional strategies: Guided inquiry Instructional resources used: Idea from http://www.aclink.org/PublicHealth/pdf/pan_flu_schools/hand%20wash%20curriculum.pdf CDC. gov hand washing materials http://www.cdc.gov/handwashing/pdf/wash-your-hands-fact-sheet.pdf Materials and set-up needed: variety of soaps brands including bar and soft, germ gel, black light, waterless hand sanitizer, washing stations, towels, elmo, worksheets for students, CDC hand out

Time required: three class periods Cautions: do not look at the black light bulb

Instructional sequence: this is the main part of the lesson plan and what describes what you will do. 1 1. Introducing the lesson: Read the article below as a class. Use content DRTA. 2 http://www.nytimes.com/learning/teachers/featured_articles/20050927tuesday.html 3 Discussion questions: Why is it important to wash your hands? / What role do germs play in causing disease? Are there situations where you should always wash your hands? Is all hand washing the same? 4 5 2. Body of the lesson: 6 We just read an article that states most people dont wash their hands. Why do you think people dont wash their hands? (They dont think their hands are dirty) Just because you cant see something doesnt mean it isnt there. Remember earlier when we made the scale models of the bacteria? We had to blow them up a lot because they are so very small. What if we did something where made it so that people could see the bacteria on their hands? What would we be doing? (Making a model). In the next activity we are going to use a gel that can only be seen under black light to model the bacteria on our hands. Activity one: Hand washing experiment preparation Ask the students to trace one of their hands twice on a sheet of paper so that you have a back and front. Divide up the tracings into different areas such as nails, palm, fingers, between fingers, thumb and backs of hands. Circles and label each area on the traced hands. See example below. Then have the class make tables with the different areas on one side and the labels clean, mostly clean, somewhat dirty, dirty across the top. Then ask for a student volunteer, have them rub the germ gel on their hands and then put one hand under the black light under the elmo so the class can see the germs Ask the student to wash their hands (using soap). Then have the student put their hand under the light again. Use the tracings to classify the different areas and record the information on the table. Have the students discuss and suggest the classifications of each area. Have a discussion on what just happened. Discussion questions: Is our method of determining how dirty the hands are subjective or qualitative? In science which type of method is best? Is it feasible to make it a qualitative method? How could I visually represent the information in our data table? What if I did a series of experiments using different temperatures of water? How could I record that information? How could I present it? 8 Activity two: Hypothesis and Experiment People say that it is important to wash your hands to stay healthy. And in our last activity it was easy to see how bacteria might be everywhere on our hands. Even after our volunteer washed her hands there were still some bacteria on them. Now we are going

to do an experiment to figure out the best way to wash our hands. Divide students into groups of three or four. They are to ask a question and design a set of experiments that can be answered using the classroom set of materials. Impress on the students that by the end of the day they will need a completed prelab worksheet, and a data table to go along with their experiment. Students must get approval before they are can begin their experiment. When doing the experiment, it might be best to remind students that each member of the group has a role; subject (the one with the washed hands), cleanliness judge, recorder(s). Once students have finished with the experiments have them write their lab report (below) and make a visual representation of their experiment results. Activity three: The presentation Students will present their findings to the class so have them organize their information in a way that is easy to present. The must answer the questions below in their presentation. What was your hypothesis? How did you test your hypothesis? What results did you get? What do those results mean / was your hypothesis correct? For each presentation have the students not presenting record the hypothesis, method, results and one question about the experiment. Have the students ask their questions. Make sure to emphasize that the students will need to know the results for a later activity. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3.Wrapping up the lesson: Discussion on hand washing. Discussion questions: What role does experimentation have in science? Are all experiments good experiments? What do you have to do to make an experiment good? Is it important to wash your hands? Why? Does the way you wash your hands matter? What did our experiments tell us? As a final meaning making activity have the students write a procedure for washing hands based on the class results. They must make reference to the others experiments, not just their own. Make sure to have the visual displays of information available. 16 17 4. Evaluating learning: The presentation will be used to assess learning. 18 If students can clearly link their hypothesis to their methods and explain their results the lesson will be a success. Design Rationale: The NGSS call for students to participate in the process of inquiry. I thought that this activity seemed open ended and simple enough that students could actually ask and answer a meaningful question. I like the use of the germ gel because it gives us an opportunity

to discuss models. Presenting the findings at the end and having the other students ask questions allows students time to practice arguing from evidence. This set of activities also should impress on students the importance of washing their hands which is a step towards good public health.

Hand washing pre-lab According to the Center for Disease Control, what is the proper way to wash hands?

List at least three different types of variables you could adjust when experimenting on washing hands. Example; the temperature of the water could change

Develop a hypothesis: (Remember a hypothesis has a statement and a reason; I think ______ because_______.)

How will you test your hypothesis? List the steps.

On the back of this paper make a data table you will use in this experiment.

Lab Report On a separate piece of notebook paper answer the following questions. 1. 2. 3. 4. What were the results of your experiment? (Use words to describe the data.) Discuss why you got the results you did. What is the implication (meaning) of your results. Do your results raise any questions? How would you go about answering these questions?