GLOSARY

ENGLISH V

TEACHER: Fernando Montejo Prez

STUDENT: Pablo Arturo Alcudia Jimnez

Petroleum Enginieer

18 FEBRUARY

GLOSARY

A
Absolute density: independent or unlimited, such as an absolute condition, or completely unadulterated, such as alcohol.

Absolute porosity: the percentage of the total bulk volume of a rock sample that is composed or pore spaces or voids. See porosity. Air hoist: a hoist operated by compressed air; a pneumatic hoist. Air hoists are often mounted on the rig floor and are used to lift joints or pipe and other heavy objects. Alarm: a warning device triggered by the presence of abnormal conditions in a machine or system. American petroleum institute (API): oil trade organization (founded in 1920) that is the leading standardizing organization for oilfield drilling and producing equipment. Annular blowout preventer: a large valve, usually installed above the ram preventers, that forms a seal in the annular space between the pipe and the wellbore or, if no pipe is present, in the wellbore itself. Annular space: the space between two concentric circles. In the petroleum industry, it is usually the space surrounding a pipe in the wellbore, or the space between tubing and the well bore; sometimes termed the annulus.

B
Bit: the cutting or boring element used in drilling oil and gas wells. The bit consists of a cutting element and a circulation element. The cutting element is steel teeth, tungsten carbide buttons, industrial diamonds, or polycrystalline diamonds (pdc). The circulating element permits the passage of drilling fluid and utilizes the hydraulic force of the fluid stream to improve drilling rates. Block: any assembly of pulleys on a common framework; in mechanics. One or more pulleys. Or sheaves. Mounted to rotate on a common axis. The crown block is an assembly of sheaves mounted on beams at the top of the derrick or mast. Blowout: an uncontrolled flow of gas, oil or other well fluids into the atmosphere. A blowout, or gusher, occurs when formation pressure exceeds the pressure applied to it by the column of drilling fluid. A kick warns of an impending blowout. Blowout preventer: one of several valves installed at the wellhead to prevent the escape or pressure either in the annular space between the casing and the drill pipe or in open hole during drilling or completion operation.

C
Casing: steel pipe placed in an oil or gas well to prevent the wall of the hole from caving in, to prevent movement of fluids from one formation to another, and to improve the efficiency of extracting petroleum if the well is productive. Circulation fluid: see drilling fluid, mud. Circulation head: an accessory attached to the top of the drill pipe or tubing to form a connection with the mud system to permit circulation of the drilling mud. In some cases, it is also a rotation head.

Circulate: to pass from one point throughout a system and back tome starting pint. For example, drilling fluid is circulate out of the suction pit, down the drill pipe and drill collars, out the bit, up the annulus, and back to the pits while drilling proceeds. Crown platform: the working platform at the top of the derrick or mast that permits access to the sheaves of the crown block and provides a safe working area for service to the gin pole.

D
Deadline: the drilling line from the crown block sheave to the anchor. So called because it does not move. Derrick: a large load-bearing structure, usually of bolted construction. In drilling, the standard derrick has four legs standing at the comers of the substructure and reaching to assembly of heavy beams used to elevate the derrick and provide space to install blowout preventers, casing heads, and so forth. Derrick hand: the crew member who handles the upper end of the drill string as it is being hoisted out of or lowered into the hole. Draw works: the hoisting mechanism on a drilling rig. It is essentially a large winch that spools off or takes in the drilling line and thus raises or lowers the drill stem and bit.

Drill collar: a heavy, thick-walled tube, usually steel, used between the drill pipe and the bit in the drill stem to provide weight to the bit. Driller: the employee directly in charge of a drilling or work over rig and crew. The drillers main duty is operation of the drilling and hoisting equipment, but this person is also responsible for downhole condition of the well, operation of downhole tools, and pipe measurements. Drill string: the column, or string, of drill pipe with attached tool joints that transmits fluid and rotational power from the Kelly to the drill collar and the bit.

E
Elevators: on conventional rotary rigs and top-drive, hinged steel devices with manual operating handles that crew members latch on to a tool joint. Exploration: the search for reservoirs of oil and gas, including aerial and geophysical surveys, geological studies, core testing, and drilling of wildcats.

F
Fast line: the end of the drilling line that is affixed to the drum or reel of the draw works, so called because it travels with greater velocity than any other portion of the line.

Fingerboard: a rack that supports the tops of the stands of pipe being stacked in the derrick or mast. It has several steel slots into drill after it is pulledout of the hole and removed from the drill string. Flexible drill pipe: specially manufactured drill pipe that has several pressure-tight joints over the length of the pipe. These joints allow the pipe to bend considerably more than regular drill pipe and are used in directional wells. Formation: a bed or deposit composed throughout of substantially the same kind of rock; often a lithology unit. Each formation is given a name, frequently as a result of the study of the formation outcrop at the surface and sometimes based on fossils found in the formation.