PC Assembly, Troubleshooting & Networking

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Part I Introduction

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Parts of Computer
Motherboard CPU Memory Video

Card Power Supply Hard Disk CD/DVD Rom Drive IDE Cable
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Motherboard
- A motherboard is the central or

primary circuit board making up a complex electronic system, such as a modern computer computer. . It is also known as a main board, baseboard, system board

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Motherboard Design

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Microprocessor
A

microprocessor -- also known as a CPU or central processing unit -- is a complete computation engine that is fabricated on a single chip.

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Microprocessor Design

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Memory
Memory-

is technically any form of electronic storage, it is used most often to identify fast, temporary forms of storage

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Video Card
A

video card, (also referred to as a graphics accelerator card, display adapter, graphics card, and numerous other terms), is an item of personal computer hardware whose function is to generate and output images to a display display. .

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Video Card Design

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Power Supply
In

a personal computer (PC), the power supply is the metal box usually found in a corner of the case. The power supply is visible from the back of many systems because it contains the powerpower -cord receptacle and the cooling fan.
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Power Supply Design

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Hard Disk
Hard

Disk Drive (HDD), commonly referred to as a hard drive, hard disk or fixed disk drive, is a non nonvolatile storage device which stores digitally encoded data on rapidly rotating platters with magnetic surfaces.
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Hard Disk Design

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CD ROM
CDCD-ROM

(an abbreviation of "Compact Disc read read-only memory memory") ") is a Compact Disc that contains data accessible by a computer.

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CD ROM Design

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IDE Cable
This

cable will work fine in twotwo-drive configurations, but there is a drawback: it's suboptimal for oneone-drive installations. These highhigh -speed disk cables really should always have a drive on the physical far end of the cable to reduce noise on the bus, but this cable puts the single drive in the middle

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IDE Cable Design

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SATA Cable Design

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Part II
PC

ASSEMBLY

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Processor Physical Installation Procedure

Determine

Socket Type Orient Processor To Socket Open ZIF Socket Insert Processor Into Socket Check That Chip Is Inserted Fully Close ZIF Socket

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Heat sink Installation Procedure

Attach Fan to Heat Sink Apply Heat Sink Compound Attach Heat Sink

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Memory Physical Installation Procedure

1. Identify Installation Socket 2. Orient Module 3. Insert Module 4. Lock Module Into Place 5. DoubleDouble-Check Installation 6. Repeat If Necessary: Steps 2 to 5

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Installing a Desktop PC Motherboard

1.

The first step will be to open the case up

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2. Optional) Remove the Motherboard Tray

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3. Replace the ATX Connector Plate

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4. Determine Motherboard Mounting Location

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5. Install the Motherboard Standoffs

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6. Fasten the Motherboard

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7. Attach ATX Control Wires

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8. Connect the ATX Power Connector

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9. (Optional) Replace the Motherboard Tray

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10. Install Any Port Headers

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PART III

OPERATING

SYSTEM INSTALLATION

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OPERATING SYSTEM INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

Turn

on the power of your computer Press delete/F2 delete/F2 to enter the CMOS Setup Setup the Boot Priority (1 (1st Boot CD, 2nd Boot HDD) Press Esc. Press F10 F10 (To save setup) Insert the StartStart-up Disk (Windows XP) to CD Rom Drive. The Computer Ask Boot CD.., then Press Enter.
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OPERATING SYSTEM INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

Press

F8 to Agree Press Enter to Continue Install Win XP Press C to Create Partition. Press Enter to Continue Install Win XP Select Format Using NTFS Type the CD Key of Windows XP. Continue Install by clicking next..
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Part IV

PC TROUBLESHOOTING

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Troubleshooting Tips
(1) TrialTrial-andand-error (2) "It's the cable, s----s-----. . (3) Don't be frustrated! (4) Take notes! (5) Take a look?

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Troubleshooting Tips for New Monitors

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

The picture does not appear The Screen is not synchronized The position of the screen is not in the center The screen is too bright or too dark The screen is shaking

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Troubleshooting Tips for a New Motherboard

System

has no power at all. Power light does not illuminate, fan inside the power supply does not turn on, and indicator light on keyboard does not turn on. System inoperative. Keyboard lights are on, power indicator lights are lit, and hard drive is spinning.
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Troubleshooting Tips for a New Motherboard

System

does not boot from hard disk drive, can be booted from floppy disk drive. System only boots from Floppy Disk. Hard Disk can be read and applications can be used, but booting from Hard Disk is impossible. After install an expansion card (network card, tape drive card, etc.) the system no longer works properly.
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Troubleshooting Tips for a New Motherboard

Screen

message says "Invalid Configuration" or "CMOS Failure." Screen is blank. System does not boot from hard disk drive, can be booted from floppy disk drive. Problem
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Troubleshooting Tips for a New Motherboard

Screen

goes blank periodically. Keyboard failure No color on screen. Floppy drive lights stays on. Error reading drive A: C: drive failure. Cannot boot system after installing second hard drive.
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Troubleshooting Tips for a New Motherboard

Missing

operating system on hard

drive. Certain keys do not function. Keyboard is locked, no keys function.

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Trouble Shooting Tips after Installing a New Video Card

Check

that the card is seated properly in its expansion slot. Ensure the display cable is securely fastened to the card's display connector. Make sure that the display and computer are plugged in and receiving power If necessary, disable any builtbuilt-in graphics capabilities on your motherboard. Make sure you selected the appropriate display device and graphics card when you installed your enhanced driver.
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Basic Troubleshooting Tips after Installing a New Hard Drive

Verify

compatibility Check all cards Check all connectors and cables Verify jumper settings Check your powerpower-supply specifications Verify the drivedrive-type settings in the system setup program Check for viruses
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Additional Tips for HDD

After you install your new drive, your computer will not boot, and no error message appears on the screen. The screen remains blank when you power up the system. The system does not recognize the drive. The dealer partitioned and formatted the drive for you in the store, but the drive does not respond when you install it.
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Additional Tips for HDD

The system hangs in FDISK or fails to create or save the partition record. The system error message, "Drive not Ready," appears. The FDISK error message, "No Fixed Disk Present," appears. The drive does not format to full capacity. The DOS message "Disk Boot Failure," "Non"NonSystem Disk" or "No ROM Basic - SYSTEM HALTED" appears. The system error message, "HDD controller failure" appears.
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Basic Troubleshooting Tips after Installing a New Memory

1. 2. 3.

No Display, 3 short beep computer always hang during the boot process The installation setup interrupt
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PART V
PC

MAINTENANCE

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PC Maintenance
you use your computer more than a few hours per day, we suggest you not to turn off your computer at the end of the day. Instead turn off only the monitor to save electricity. Daily power up and down makes the components exposed to high and low temperature cycles that are not good for the life life-time of the components, particularly the critical ones such as hard drives, CPU, and memory. The temperature cycle would result in expansionexpansionshrinking cycle for the components. The lifelife-time of electronic components would be increased if they are run at constant temperature with adequate ventilation.
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PC Maintenance
If your area experiences a few times of power outage per year, it is necessary to use a UPS. Sudden power downs while the system is running may cause severe damage to hard drives. A tape backup and a lock to make systems hard to move are worthy investment for critical data.
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PC Maintenance
Use your hand to touch and feel the cover of your computer at least once a week. The cover should be at room temperature. If it feels warm there may be a problem! Check to make sure that the cooling fans on the power supply and CPU are working properly. Clean the air pathway on the back of the power supply on a regular basis.
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PART VI
Computer

Networking

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TOOLS IN NETWORKING
RJRJ-45 Twisted

pair cable Crimp tool Ethernet hub router Network Adapter Card (NIC)

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RJ 45
Eight Eight-conductor

data cable contains 4 pairs of wires. Each pair consists of a solid (or predominantly) colored wire and a white wire with a stripe of the same color.

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Twisted Pair Cable

Twisted

pair cabling is a form of wiring in which two conductors are wound together for the purposes of canceling out electromagnetic interference (EMI) from external sources, electromagnetic radiation from the UTP cable, and crosstalk between neighboring pairs.

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Crimp Tool
crimps

RJ45 modular plugs. Simply place the plug with the cable in the crimp tool and squeeze the grips together, thus causing the plug to bite into the cable.

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Ethernet Hub
An

Ethernet hub or concentrator is a device for connecting multiple twisted pair or fiber optic Ethernet devices together, making them act as a single segment.

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Router
A

router is a device that determines the proper path for data to travel between different networks, and forwards data packets to the next device along this path.They connect networks together; a LAN to a WAN for example, to access the Internet. Internet .

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Router

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Router Connection

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Wiring Diagrams for Straight Through, Cross Over and Y cables

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Straight Through
Straight Through Cable Pin 1 Pin 2 Pin 3 Pin 4 Pin 5 Pin 6 Pin 7 Pin 8 Color Code white orange orange white green blue white blue green white brown brown
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Cross Over
Cross Over Cable Pin 1 Pin 2 Pin 3 Pin 4 Pin 5 Pin 6 Pin 7 Pin 8 Color Code white green green white orange blue white blue orange white brown brown
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Y cables
Pin 1 Pin 2 Pin 3 Pin 6 Pin 1 Pin 2 Pin 3 Pin 6 white orange orange white green green blue white blue white brown brown
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Connecting 2 Computers using LAN

Connect

the cable to the LAN Card and the other end to Ethernet Hub.

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Click the control panel

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Click Network Connection

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Click the Local Area Connection

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Click the Properties of LAN

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Click the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

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Type the IP Address

Class

A Network Address Class B Network Address Class C Network Address Spare Address

1-126 128 128-191 192 192-254 127

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Select Use the ff. IP address & Type the Specified IP Address, then click OK.

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For the Other Computer type the IP Address with the same class, then change only the last number of the Address. Example PC1 192.168.0.1 PC2 192.168.0.2 PC3 192.168.0.3 And so on

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Sharing your Internet to other PC

Use

2 LAN Card to your server. The internet is connected to the server in the LAN card1 and the Lan card #2 is connected to hub/switch.

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Procedure in Sharing your internet to other workstation (PC)

Click

the control panel

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 Click

Network Wizard

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Click Next

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Click Next

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Select the first choice, then Next

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Select the Local Area connection where the internet is connected, then Next

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Type the Computer Description and Name, then Next

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Type MSHOME, then Next

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Select Printer Sharing, then Next

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Click Next

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Click Next

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Select the last choice, then Next

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Click Finish

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Configure the IP Address of Local Area Connection 2 of the other LAN

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The Other Workstation is ready for Internet connection by configuring IP Address of LAN

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To Find the DNS Server IP Address

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Click Properties

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Click Details

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List of IP Address of the Server

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The Other Workstation is ready for Internet connection by configuring IP Address of LAN

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