Published for the Basler Electric Power Systems Group

APPLICATION otes N

#PC-CDS01 January 2000

Basler's CDS Has a Unique Aid for Identifying Incorrect Differential Connections or Settings Before an Incorrect Operation Occurs
General Considerations
The differential current monitoring function of the BE1-CDS220 is a diagnostic function designed to aid in the installation and commissioning of differential protection. This function attempts to identify incorrect CT polarity, incorrect angle compensation or setting mismatch during commissioning, thus preventing false operations and outages. A Differential Check Record can be triggered and retrieved that will give an indication of any unbalance in the operate circuit of the differential relay and provide a suggestion of where to look for the problem. To trigger and retrieve a Differential Check Record, use the following commands via the ASCII Command Interface: A= (to obtain access to the CDS) RA-DIFF=TRIG (to trigger the differential check record) RA-DIFF (to retrieve the differential check record) phase shift would be 180 so that current in equals current out. Thus, the side of the transformer connected to CT CKT2 is leading the other side by 30. This means that the CT CKT2 currents must be shifted 30 back (lagging) so that they are 180 out of phase. Figure 2B shows the angles for the ANGLE COMPENSATED I currents for phase A plotted on a polar graph. Notice that CT CKT2 current lags CT CKT1 current by approximately 120 instead of 180 after angle compensation, indicating that the A phase current for CT CKT2 was shifted 30 forward instead of 30 back. This indicates the TX CON of DAB is incorrect. This error would lead to a false trip due to increasing load or a through fault. What a lot of explaining this causes! By triggering a differential check record during commissioning of a differential protection installation, the hassle of connecting a phase angle meter for reading is no longer required! Think of the peace of mind and time savings that are available with this unique Basler feature!

Take a Look at an Example

In the example on page 2, examine the ALARMS portion of the report. All three phases indicate DIFFERENTIAL ALARM. The alarm threshold is settable from 50% to 100% of the differential tripping characteristic. The POLARITY and MISMATCH alarms indicate OK, but the ANGLE COMP alarm indicates ALARM. The fact that all three phases have the same alarm is a good indication that the problem is a setup parameter and not a connection problem. Since the diagnostic routine identified an ANGLE COMP alarm, let's look at that. The relay can internally provide phase and zero sequence compensation for transformer applications where there is a phase shift between CT CKT1 and CT CKT2 of the relay. It does this by applying numerical delta compensation as appropriate for the CT and Transformer connection parameters shown in the PHASE 87 SETTINGS portion of the report. Delta compensation can be either Delta IA-IB (DAB) or Delta IA-IC (DAC) as shown in Figure 1. The COMPENSATION portion of the report shows the angle and tap compensation settings that are applied to each input of the relay. By examining the MEASUREMENTS portion of the report, it is easy to determine why the differential currents are causing this alarm. Let's look at the A phase currents, for example. A similar analysis can be made on B and C phase. Figure 2A shows the angles for the MEASURED I SEC currents for A phase plotted on a polar graph. Notice that the CT CKT2 current lags the CT CKT1 current by approximately 150. Proper position with no transformer

Internal Compensation Chart Compensation Ground Source A Phase B Phase C Phase Wye (None) Wye (None) DAB DAC 0=No 1=Yes IA IA-I0 IB IB-I0 IC IC-I0

0=No or 1=Yes (IA-IB)/3 (IB-IC)/3 (IC-IA)/3 0=No or 1=Yes (IA-IC)/3 (IB-IA)/3 (IC-IB)/3

Figure 1: Internal Phase and Zero Sequence Compensation

CDS 220 DIFFERENTIAL CHECK RECORD REPORT DATE : 11/10/98 REPORT TIME : 10:12:42.701 STATION ID : SIMULATED SUBST RELAY ID : BANK-T1 USER1 ID : TEST1 USER2 ID : TEST1 RELAY ADDRESS : 0 ACTIVE GROUP : 0 PHASE 87 SETTINGS CT CKT1 CT CKT2 MINPU SLOPE ALARM URO COMPENSATION CT CKT1 CT CKT2 ALARMS DIFFERENTIAL: POLARITY: ANGLE COMP: MISMATCH: CTR 240 400 0.20 *TAP 25 % 50 % 6 *TAP ANGLE WYE DAB PHASE A ALARM OK ALARM OK CT CON WYE WYE TX CON DAB WYE GROUNDED NO YES

TAP 3.12 4.68 PHASE B ALARM OK ALARM OK PHASE B 202 @ 240 508 @ 91 0.84 @ 240 1.27 @ 91 0.84 @ 240 1.27 @ 122 0.27 @ 240 0.27 @ 122 0.28 *TAP 104 % PHASE C ALARM OK ALARM OK PHASE C 204 @ 121 516 @ 332 0.85 @ 121 1.29 @ 332 0.85 @ 121 1.29 @ 2 0.27 @ 121 0.27 @ 2 0.28 *TAP 104 %

MEASUREMENTS PHASE A MEASURED I PRI CT CKT1: 206 @ 0 CT CKT2: 516 @ 211 MEASURED I SEC CT CKT1: 0.86 @ 0 CT CKT2: 1.29 @ 211 ANGLE COMPENSATED I CT CKT1: 0.86 @ 0 CT CKT2: 1.29 @ 241 TAP COMP I CT CKT1: 0.27 @ 0 CT CKT2: 0.27 @ 241 IOP: 0.28 *TAP SLOPE RATIO 104 %

Figure 2A

Figure 2B Figure 2: Polar Plot of Measured and Compensated Current Angles

Figure 2C

Basler Electric, Box 269, Route 143, Highland, IL 62249 Phone: 618/654-2341 Fax: 618/654-2351 Web Site: http://www.basler.com
PC-CDS01 (1/00)