9/1/2010

E15Lab1
GatelevelschematicdesignwithQuartus
Policy on working together in labs: Lab groups should be 2 (preferably) or 3 students. We expect labs to be done as a group with your lab partners. You may discuss your lab report with other groups, but you may not copy anything from their reports. Each group will submit a single report (with all members of the group listed). Lab report format: Lab L b reports t from f the th previous i lab l b are due d when h you come t to l lab. b The labs in this course are different than most core courses. Instead of measuring system behavior and comparing to theory, you will be designing and building systems to meet given specifications. Therefore, lab reports will mostly be pretty short (but labs themselves may take longer than three hours). You can keep prose in reports to a minimum (i.e., no sections for "Introduction," "Theory," ...), except as explicitly requested. But... be sure to supply the items requested at the end of each lab web page

Brief Background
Inthisclasswewilldealwithlogicalcircuits (i inputs (i.e., i t areeither ith true t (logical (l i l1, 1 for f us thisis3.3V)orfalse(logical0,forusthisis 0V).Inclassyouwilllearnwhythisisuseful, fornow,acceptit. Todealwiththesesignal g levelswedevelop pa specialformofmathematics,Booleanalgebra.

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BooleanOperators
Operators:
AND:C=AB(ReadasCequalsAandB).
InputA 0 0 1 1 Input B 0 1 0 1 OutputC 0 0 0 1

TruthTable

Sometimestheisdropped:C=AB
logicgateimagesadaptedfrom:http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Projects/Labview/gatesfunc/index.html

Morelogic
A 0 0 1 1 A 0 1 A 0 0 1 1 B 0 1 0 1 F 1 0 B 0 1 0 1 H 1 0 0 0 D 0 1 1 1

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andevenmore.
A 0 0 1 1 B 0 1 0 1 G 1 1 1 0

A 0 0 1 eXclusiveOR 1

B 0 1 0 1

J 0 1 1 0

LawsofBooleanAlgebra

Notlike regularalgebra
tablefrom:http://www.cs.uakron.edu/~margush/465/03_digitallevel.html

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Simplifyinglogicalexpressions
Whatifwewanttosimplify: D = AiC + AiBiC + AiBiC + AiBiC

Thecircuithasatotalof15inputs(notcountinginvertors)

Simplifybyapplyingrules
D = A C + A B C + A B C + A BC D = AiC + AiBiC + AiCi B + B commutative, distributive

D D D D D

= = = = =

A iC + A iBiC + AiCi1 inverse i A iC + A iBiC + AiC identity C + A iBiC distributive, inverse, identity (C + AiB )i C + C distributive C + A iB inverse, inverse identity

Thecircuithasatotalof4inputs muchbetter!

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KarnaughMaps(1)
Thepreviousmethodwashard(andfraught with ithperil). il) Karnaugh K hmapsgive i usaneasier i way. A B C D 0 0 0 0 Startwithtruthtable. 0 0 1 1
D = AiC + AiBiC + AiBiC + AiBiC
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1

KarnaughMaps(2)
Expresseachoutput(onlyoneinthiscase)as aKarnaugh K hmap(notice ( ti only l 1bitchanges h betweenrowsandcolumns).
A 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 B 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 C 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 D 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 C 0 1 AB 00 0 1 01 0 1 11 1 1 10 0 1

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KarnaughMaps(3)
Eachsquareinthemapcanberepresentedbya AB l i lexpression. logical i 00 01 11 10
C

A iBiC

0 1

0 1

0 1

1 1

0 1

A iC

Largerblocks(rectangularblocksofapowerof2) yieldsimplerexpressions.

KarnaughMaps(4)
Coverallelementsinmapwithlargest AB groupings. i 00 01
C 11 1 1 10 0 1

AiB
C

0 1

0 1

0 1

D = C + A iB
Sameresultasbeforewithlesswork!

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Karnaugh Maps: Specialcase Dontcare

Circuittodetermineweekdays. Circle Ci l dont d tcare itmakes k life lif easier(inthiscaseitdoes)
AB C 0 1 00 X 0 01 1 1 11 1 0 10 1 1 Day Sun Mon Tue Wed Thur Fri Sat A 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 B 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 C 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 D X 0 1 1 1 1 1 0

A iB

A iB

D = C + A iB + A iB

Note:thisissimplestsumofproductsform,notnecessarilysimplestcircuit: D = C + A B

Karnaugh Maps: Specialcase wraparound

Onlyonebitchangesasyouwraparound f from rightmost i ht tt toleftmost l ft tcolumn. l
AB C 0 1 00 X 1 01 0 1 11 X 0 10 1 1

A iC

D = B + A iC
Note:Largergroupsyieldsmallerterms.

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Karnaugh Maps: Specialcase 4Variables

Cangeneralizeto4variables
(actuallyanywherefrom2to6 youllseethisinclass)
AB CD 00 01 11 10 00 X 1 X 1 01 0 1 1 0 11 X 0 1 0 10

BiD
1 1 0 1

BiC

A iD

BiCiD

BiD + BiC + A iD + BiCiD

Note:Largergroupsyieldsmallerterms.

Ontothelab!
Todolab:
Gotomywebpage(inFirefox Firefox,typeErik ErikCheever Cheeverinto addressbar). GotoEngineering15(http://www.swarthmore.edu/NatSci/echeeve1/Class/e15/e15_labs.html) Gotolab1 Startwithtutorial,thendolab

Labwriteup: p
Duenexttimeyoucometolab. Moreresultsthantext(differentthanmostcorecourses inEngineering)