Egypt Exploration Society

Papyrus BM EA 10075 and Papyrus Bodleian Ms. Egypt. a. 41 (P): Two Halves of a Ptolemaic Contract of Sale Reunited Author(s): Maria Cannata Reviewed work(s): Source: The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 92 (2006), pp. 185-203 Published by: Egypt Exploration Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40345903 . Accessed: 23/03/2012 13:12
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PAPYRUS BM EA 10075AND PAPYRUS BODLEIAN MS. EGYPT. A. 41(P): TWO HALVES OF A PTOLEMAIC CONTRACT OF SALE REUNITED*
By MARIA CANNATA
with a newedition ofPapyrus BM EA a. 41(P) together MS. Egypt, Bodleian ofPapyrus Publication and concern thesale of a property in theDemotic located arewritten 10075.The documents script son of with intheMemphite theAnubieion within byNhf-nb=f together his Hr-nd-it-f, necropolis The contracts were written ofPl-ti-nfr-tm. thewoman totheir daughter cousin, brethren, Ts.t-wry.t XII Auletes inyear18 of Ptolemy theyounger, (Neos Dionysos) (64 bc). byPa-hrtsonofHr-si-is.t constituted a typical The papyripublishedhere are the two legal documentsthat,together, of sale of thePtolemaicPeriod:a sh-dbt-hd contract (P. BM EA 10075) (Text A), or Egyptian 41 a. MS. and a of money, document (P)) (Text B), or deed of cession. (Bodl. Egypt, sh-n-wy Papyrus BM EA 100751 was originallypart of the collectionof Egyptian antiquities assembledby the BritishdiplomatHenry Salt. These were auctionedat Sotheby'sin 1835 was purchasedby theBritish whenthismanuscript Museum, whereit is now held.2Nothing evidenceit is possible to is knownof its exact place of acquisition,althoughfrominternal Text B,3 The othercontract, the came from show thatit originally Memphitenecropolis. in the Bodleian Library in Oxford,originally now part of the collectionof manuscripts Baron Zouche, who appears to have fourteenth Robert Hon. the to Curzon, belonged in 1833 duringhis travelsto Egyptand the Near East.4A catalogueof acquiredit sometime is availableon the exact was privately his collection printedin 1849.5Again,no information of collection The Curzon Egyptian antiquitieswas place of acquisition of the papyrus.
* This aus to Sprache und Schriftder demotischen Kaufvertrdge paperis partof myMPhil thesissubmitted Zeit (Wiesbaden, whilein ptolemdischer in 2003 and was completed 95; 1968),71-2 Urkunden OxfordUniversity forwhichI J.Forshall, of the Randall-Mclver of theGreek Papyriin theBritish Description Studentship, receipt theGoverning Catalogue wouldliketo thank (London, 1839),68 no. 42; Sotheby's, Bodyof The Queen's Museum The Property to of theCollection I wouldliketo express of Antiquities. of Egyptian mygratitude College,Oxford. willbe Sold byAuction Salt which tomyattention Henry for M. Smith Prof. (London, 1835), bringing mysupervisor a. 41(P) as a subjectformy 31 no. 418. BodleianMS. Egypt, Papyrus 2 Jelinkova, and forhis of thisarticle draft thefirst forreading JEA 43, 45; W. R. Dawson and E. P. thesis, Who in Egyptology* Who Was like also I would advice. invaluable and , rev. by M. L. Uphill, suggestions many D. Nicholson, Bierbrier (London, 1995),371. theBodleianLibrary, to thank particularly 3 Previousbibliography: 'Notes and C. Wakefield, as wellas forher thedocument, to publish for permission Bodleian in the the Documents: and C. the of in Papyri Egyptian papyrus, photographs help obtaining Record of thedocu- Library',The BodleianLibrary on theacquisition 14/1(1991), 94-7. forinformation Wakefield Wilkinson M. Smithforthisreference. arealso due to V. Davies,Keeperof the I thank Sotheby, ment. My thanks of Ancient Egyptand Sudan,forpermission and Hodge, Catalogue of Assyrian,Egyptian,Greek, Department etc. (London, 1922), 45 his Romanand Peruvian for P. BM EA 10075and to R. B. Parkinson Antiquities to publish 348. lot no. Museum. British the visit to assistance Finally, my during 4The auction were that theantiquities states to C. Martinand K. catalogue I wouldliketo express mygratitude and Wilkinson and com- collected by Curzon(Sotheby, personally Donkervan Heel fortheir suggestions helpful of thisarticle. draft 43). on thefirst Hodge,Catalogue, ments 5 Dawson and Uphill, Who Was Who3,113; R. 1 Previousbibliography: 'Sale of E. A. E. Jelinkova, Brit. B.C. First in the Curzon, Catalogue of Materials for Writing:Early Inherited (P. Century Property ex Saltcoll.No. 418)',^.4 43 (1957),45-55, Writingson Tablets and Stones, Rolled and other Mus. 10075, in the and Oriental inthe Manuscripts Books, Library 'Sale of Inherited Manuscript Property pl. v; E. A. E. Jelinkova, Robert Curzonat Parhamin theCounty B.C. (P. Brit.Mus. 10075,ex Salt coll. No. of theHonourable FirstCentury and of Sussex(London, 1849). Onlytwoof theDemoticdocMarriage 418)',JEA 45 (1959),61-74; P.W. Pestman, in thecataidentified are clearly in thecollection to uments A Contribution Ancient in Matrimonial Egypt. Property theLegal Position (P. L. Bat. 9; logue, both of which are royal edicts,while separate of theWoman Establishing Leiden, 1961), 130-1; U. Wilcken, Urkundender entrieslist severalotherpapyriwhichare describedas 7-9). Thus, it Ptolemderzeit beingstillrolled(see Curzon,Catalogue, Funde), I. Papyriaus Unterdgypten (dltere Text B was already whether uncertain partof the (Berlinand Leipzig, 1927), 621 docketno. 142; K.-Th. remains was when the collection in Schreibertradition Die catalogue published. Aufbau, Zauzich, dgyptische

186

MARIA CANNATA
Table 1. Genealogical tableof thepartiesconcerned ^[Pi-ti-ij-m-htp I Is.t-wry.t ^

JEA 92

-r-Ta-ij-m-htp f[ ^Pi-ti-wsir-hp

T;y-r-r=w ^ P?-ti-nfr-tm-y calledm

%^Nht=w-s

Hr-nd-it-f)^

h 1^-wry.t

^ Nht-nb=f %[ Hr-m-hy

1
^

Hr-m-hy

hy fijTt-sr.t-hr-m-

eventually sold at Sotheby's on the 2 November 1922,6 when the present document was acquired by the British Egyptologist F. LI. Griffith,who later presented it to the Bodleian Library in Oxford.7 P. BM EA 10075: Text A Description of the papyrus

The papyrus (figs. 1-2) is light brown and consists of eight kollemata. The firstmeasures 4.7 cm in width while the last one is only 2.8 cm wide. The sizes of the remaining six sheets range between 13.3 and 14.4 cm in width. The sheets are joined left upon right with an overlap of 1.2 to 1.4 cm. The overall dimensions of the manuscript, as preserved, are 89 cm in length by 29.2 cm in height. Since its acquisition the roll has been pasted onto a cardboard backing before being mounted in a wooden frame. The papyrus is in reasonably good condition except for a few gaps in the lower part and on the left-hand side of the roll. The damage has resulted in a few lacunae in the text, although most of these can be restored on the basis of its Bodleian counterpart. The text is writtenon the recto, parallel to the fibres. In the lower rightcorner there appears to be the signature of the fatherof party A, while in the upper leftcorner of the roll there is a small inscription which reads Is.t-wry(.t)y possibly the name of the B contracting party. A docket written in Greek is also appended to the contract. At the back of the frame a small window of 10 by 16.8 cm has been cut to show the list of witnesses who signed the contract, which is inscribed below a horizontal line surmounted by a curved sign resembling the writing of the noun sp (see fig. 2).8 According to Pestman, the position of this sign on the verso marks the position, on the recto, of the verb d with which the parties are introduced.9 However, this rule does not apply in every instance since in Text A the sign starts approximately 12.7 cm to the leftof the verb d.xo

6 Dawson and Uphill,WhoWas Who\113. 7 An entryon the manuscripts'handlist in the BodleianLibrary records thatthedocument was acquired withBodl. MS. Egypt,a. 40(P) and thatboth together to the Libraryby Griffith on 13 papyriwerepresented November 1922. 8 Fora discussion of these signssee M. A. Nur-el-Din, 'The Sign Heading the List of Witnessesin Demotic // Legal Texts',MDAIK 37 (1981),383-8;P.W. Pestman, di Hermias e altridocumenti delVarchivio del choaprocesso chiti . Papirigreci e demotici conservati a (P. Tor.Choachiti) Torino e in altrecollezioni d'ltalia (Turin, 1992), 225-32.

The signheading thelineabovethewitnesses' liston the versoof P. BM EA 10075doesnotappeartobe among the found in theprevious examples bibliography (n.i). 10 The horizontal lineextends 1.6 cm on theleft and 4 cm on the right-hand side of the space occupiedby the witnesses' becauseof thesmallsize signatures. However, of theopeningleftat the back of the frame, neither the northeend of theline is visible.Therefore, I beginning am unableto determine whether thelineextended to the end of thed on therecto of thepapyrus.
9 II processodi Hermias> 225.

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CONTRACT OF SALE

187

3 <D
C/3

JS
'u CQ

c/o

<u

O tj v u
in

<

CQ

<

x u

188

MARIA CANNATA
Transliteration

JEA 92

Recto(fig.1) V ni A ih.tsw 2 n (pr-ri)\r-wspi ntrmrif mrsn irmni wrb.w (ptwlmyis)\rws(1) hl.t-sp18 ibt ntiw-w sh n-im-wn rr-qt (pr-ri.w)\rwsmi-nn hnr si hr-nd-if=f nthrni shn.wV mn-nfr d sw.trmt hr-m-hy nhf-nb=f pr-hn-inpw si.t hnr shm.t si hnr ti-sr.[t-hr-m]-hy hr-ndp[i h]m hr-nd-it-f pi risi hr-nd-it-f hr-m-hy si.tpinthryr s 4 nwrn mw.t-wnht-w-sn shm.t is.t-wry.t (2) r s 3 nisn.whm.wn nht-nb-f mw.t-s irs d.t tiy-r-r-w ti-nfr-tm n=f 18 nt [q]t iw-f hbsiw-f mhV sbisstntir mh-[ntr] hiX-n n pi hd rpiy-n r.wy tw-t mtr rpr iibt hr-h 6] n pi imnt mh-[ntr npi rsrpr mhf hrrtrshff.h ntnpr-hn-inpw ntqt hrn=[w] ntir n=f mht my=nmhr.w tiy-n[h].t-nwt (3) hnr si.tpi-ti-ijrn shm.t nht-w-s n n tni.t r-hr-n iir nt nb nt hn V inpwtp-tw-jpi ntrri ph ti sn.ttiy-tmw.t mw.t-sis.t-wry.t ni[y]=whyn.w tiy-nmw.t m-htp r wn-ni.w n shm.t rspi r.wy [ta]-by nthrni hrf.w si hr d-hr niy-fhrt.w hr-pi-rr (4) V inpwtp-tw-f mht pi ntrri hft.h ta-mr-wr hrshm.t r wn-ni.w n imnt my=shrf.w tiy-fsr.tnthr ni hrf.w pi r.wy rnh-hp iwt-w r rmt n [pa]-ih.tnthrkt-h.t pi h(y)r iibf pi r.wy r tmt nimhr.w pi] s[hhryr-h niy-whyn.w [nthryntiw] niy-why.w [t]i [h].t-nwt mtw-tplr.wy ntsh hry[m]n pi ntiw-f (r) ij r-hr-tdbl.t-wiw~n r (5) mtw-nmtnb n pi ti iir n-t n rn~w t pi hrwr-hry nb mtnb n pi ti mtw-tsh nb r-[i]r=wrn-t r sh nb knb.t ti wy=f r-hr-tmtw-nti wrb.w n-im-wn [r]n=w nb sh r-w hn[r]sh nb r-ir-wn=n r-r-w hnr qnb.tnb nt iw=[n] mir.k r[d.f] mtw-tst hnr pi (ti) rhr n-im-fn rn-wpi [rn]h pi ntiw~n mir.k niy-wh[p] [mtw]=t (6) ntiw-w r ti.ts m-si-tr ti ir=n s n rn-w iw-n r ir=f sipi-ti-wsir-hp nthryhr-nd-it-f npi tmy rmt iw sw.f pi ifpi s 4 nthry mw.t-fta-ij-m-htp mtnbnth[ry] r-h n-im-wtw-tn(sic) m-si-y(r) ir n-t pi d iirymtnbnthryhi.f-ymtr.w nthryir=f n=[t] iw-y ir-f n-t h[nhrw5 n pi ib]trn-f ntiw bniwpi s [4 my=y]hrf.[w] n htr[iwf]mn i\w-wd n pi s] 5 ply-t mrn-im-nrpi s 5 r ir n-t pi hp n pi sh nthryiir-t mrhprm-si-nn pi s (7) iw-t m-si 5 ii[r]=t r hp[r] si hr-si-is.t pi hm [r s]hpa-hrf Upper leftcorner: is.t-wry(.t) corner: Lower right si pi-ti-wsir]-hp sh hr-nd-\it-j Greekdocket: 5id [xovev x]c5i Xoia% p. ewvq ir\ Avoupieicoi <ypa())eio\)> 'Apeioq.dvayeypaTCTai

it=f

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Fig. 2. TextA: P. BM EA 10075verso theBritish Museum). (copyright

Verso:List of witnesses (fig.2) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. s? ... p!-ti-ij-m-htp si rpa-tr.f hr-nd-if=f d-hrs?ij-m-htp si pi- ..? pa-tr.t hrs; ij-m-htp si hr-^m-hy1] rwn-nf/1 twtsi twt si rpa-nhf riw=f-rnh* twtsi hr-nd-it-f mnh s?rwrs-nfr^ rtwtsi p?-tj-[rwsir-hp^\ ... # ... Translation

Ph (1) Regnal year 18, fourthmonth of the inundationseason, day 2a of (Pharaoh)!1 the who and the loves father who loves (Ptolemaios15)!1?11 god (his) (and) (his) sister, hwho are registered at Alexandria. priestsof the (Pharaohs)|l-p

190

MARIA CANNATA

JEA 92

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

from theAnubieiond which is inthedistrictse Has declared themerchant0 off Memphis,^ with theelder, sonofHr-nd-if=f,h of thesameprofession, Nhf-nb=f together Hr-m-hy with theyounger, sonofHr-nd-it=fy with sonofHr-nd-if=f, Hr-m-hy together together of Hr-nd-it=f, thewoman Ti-sr.t-hr-m-hy daughter brethren of1 4 persons 3 the with one aforesaid, Nhf-nb=f being being persons, younger to (the)woman their mother of Pt-ti-nfr-tm, voice, beingNhf=w-s, Is.t-wry.t daughter hermother calledtrs, beingTty-r-r=wJ toagree tothemoney for ourhouse,k which is built, 'You havecausedourheart itbeing with1 door and window(and) whichmeasures it beingcomplete 18 [god's]m roofed, thesouth to thenorth from the west from to the cubits" by [6 god's]-cubits east, that arebuilt with ourcloth-[pla]ceP at the[ir] (and)ourstorehouses entrance,^ together are in theAnubieion and which on (the)southern side of the are to itsnorth, which the greatgod, (and) whichincludes of Anubis-who-is-upon-his-mountain,r dromos in (the)name(of the)woman that cameto ussas a share Nhf=w-s daughter everything our the sister of mother. hermother of Pi-ti-ij-m-htp, being Is.t-wry.t, mother, your (are): T[he]irneighbours was that thehouseof thewoman south, [Td\-byx is ofhisoffspring; which of D-hr son heldby (now)heldbythechildren (and) Hr-p;-rru thegreat of Anubis-who-is-upon-his-mountain, north, god; (the)dromos woman was held his that the house of Ta-mr-wry daughter, (and) by(the) rnh-hp west, of heroffspring; is (now)heldbythechildren which while thealley which is heldbyother thehouseof [Pa]-ih.t,v (ofthehouse) people, east, is between [them]. (theneighbours). Totalling To you belongthe house,the cloth-place (and) the storehouses [aforesaid, who]se in accordance withthatwhich is are writ[ten and boundaries measurements ab]ove,w above.We do not written from onwards. of them haveanyclaimat all against today youon account we willcausehimto be name, against youin their (As for)anyone whoshallproceed for from are clear that will cause we and from far anytitle, you anydocument, they you anyclaimat all. and every thathas been drawn document To youbelongevery them, up concerning and document and for us drawn has been which document them, every concerning up in respect of them. we areentitled of which title They belongto you byvirtue every of which we To that them. conferred with the byvirtue youbelongs by right together The oath(or) theproofx of them. in respect areentitled it.' we swear on youto causethat willbe imposed which it,we willswear son the said from a man the While merchant, settlement,? Hr-nd-i}=f of Pi-ti-wsir-hp, declares:2 'Execute thefather of the4 persons hismother aforesaid, beingTa-ij-m-htp, claim on have a them. Youaa is with satisfied heart all (the)aforesaid legal matters, my the That which aforesaid. with me(to)actfor [4] persons youin accordance everything of the] 5 it for I will do not do for will days with[in you children, you, aforesaid, [my] 'bb said [month], delay]. [without bycompulsion, Whilethe5 persons say: tofulfil the5 persons, a legalclaimagainst 'You havecc totalling anyoneofus youwant, a wish to make Should deed. of theaforesaid foryoutheobligation legalclaim you youwillbe (ableto havea claim)/ us,as the5 persons, against dd theyounger. of son Wrote Hr-[s?-is].t Pa-hrf

corner: Upperleft
Is.t-wry(.t)

2006
Lower right corner:

PTOLEMAIC CONTRACT OF SALE

191

son of P?-ti-wsir]-hpx WroteHr-nd-[if=f Greekdocket:^ in the grapheionin the Anubieionin year 18 day 2, Khoiak.11 Areios.It was registered List of witnesses Verso: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. son of r.. .""hh Pt-ti-ij-m-htp son of rP?-tr.t*n Hr-nd-it=fil D-hrkk son ofIj-m-htp son of Pi- ...lmm Pi-tr.txx Hr son ofIj-m-htp son ofHr-^m-hy1]00 rWn-nfrlnn Twtson of Twt 'iw-pnli ppson of rPa-nhf^ Twtson ofHr-nd-it=f Mnh" son of rJVrs-nfr^ rTwfnson of Pt-tj-fwsir-hp1] son of r...n r...lvv Notes on translation XII 64 BCin theeighteenth to 8 December yearof ruleof Ptolemy (a) The datecorresponds Auletes (Neos Dionysos).12 abbreviated theendings of Greek namesin a very to write to thegeneral tendency (b) Contrary to a single stroke arereduced in somecasestheletters where m,y ands in thenamePtolemy form, inthisdocument a full The scribe shows of thenameoftheking thewriting writing. appears each,13 an attempt to theletters i between a final short to haveinserted mayrepresent y and s, which aleph iotafollowed theGreekending render by a vowelwas loq,sinceit wouldappearthatthesequence as Ptolemaios bothto havea thenameof theking as y!.u I havetranslated intoDemotic transcribed be to show how much of the samename and to able Demotic of the more accurate word, rendering in line7 of TextB. survives andPierce.16 see Hughes15 of theword sw.f (c) Fora discussion in is already attested chest of Anubis', of the the The (sacred) 'Temple literally Pr-hn-Inpw}1 (d) 18 such as the two texts 328 Some stela Louvre as the such texts texts, (3689). Serapeum hieroglyphic of a settlement.19 as thelocation thePr-hn-'Inpw hereandP. Brooklyn 37.1796E, identify published
ii Jelinkova, at least in thatthereexisted, evidenceindicating JEA 43, 54, and JEA 45, 62; Wilcken, textual who spethe Memphitearea, a numberof merchants no. 142. 621 docket derPtolemderzeit, Urkunden of specific commodities and selling 12T.C. Skeat, The Reigns (Munich, cialisedin thetrading of thePtolemies clothand clothing. suchas oil, resin, rushes, 1954). 17The correct 13 of the wordwas suppliedby G. Van derVekenand S. P. Vleeming, W. Clarysse, reading had previ40-1. The term Demotic Priests The Eponymous Papyri, Egypt.Chronological Pierce,Three of Ptolemaic witha ouslybeenreadas Pr-grg-Jnpw and Ptolemais Lists of thePriestsof Alexandria by F. de Cenival,'Un acte consecutifa un partage de revenues Names(P. L. de renonciation of their Transcription Studyof theDemotic Bat. 24; Leiden,1983),159. (P. Louvre E 3266)', BIFAO 71 memphites liturgiques 14The aleph is generally of (1972), 60 n. 45. foundin transcriptions 18 Pierce, Three Demotic Papyri, 40-1; H. De of suchas inthewriting invowels, namesending feminine to used it is and of Ptolemais, thetown-name distinguish Meulenaere, 'Les monuments du culte des rois see Nectanebo',CdE 35 (1960), 94. During the Ptolemaic masculine thecorrespondent from thefeminine form; was knownin Greek as the The Eponymous Period the templeprecinct Van der Vekenand Vleeming, Clarysse, of thearea excavation For the archaeological Anubieion. 150-1 and 159. Priests, 15G. R. Hughes,'Arethere H. S. Smithand M. Jessop of see D. G. Jeffreys, Two DemoticWritings Price,The and the Temple Anubieion at Saqqdra, I. The Settlement MDAIK 14 (1956),80-8. swV, 16R. H. Pierce,Three Memoirs54; London,1988). Demotic (EES Excavation Papyriin theBrooklyn Precinct 19 and R. L. Vos,Recueil P. W. Pestman, andtheir tothe A Contribution Museum. J.Quaegebeur ofContracts Study et bilingues, I. Transcriptions OsloensesFasc. de textes inPtolemaic Instruments (Leiden, demotiques (Symbolae Egypt Demotic Papyri,13-18 line Suppl. 24; Oslo, 1972),38-40. See also D. J.Thompson, 1977),39, 50-7; Pierce,Three CdE 35, 103-4. underthePtolemies 1988), 73, for 27; De Meulenaere, (Princeton, Memphis

192

MARIA CANNATA

JEA 92

(e) For thisreadingsee Pestmanet al.20 n survive. (f) Only small tracesof the genitive of this in thewriting (g) Althoughdamaged,it is possibleto discerna shortline above thesignnfr is not sometimes foundabove thesignsmnand nfr toponym. Accordingto Pestmanet al.21thestroke the writingof the genitiven. part of the writingof Mn-nfr;rather, they suggest,it represents witha is written wherethe toponym However,thisseems contradicted by the evidenceof our texts, The small stroke above thesignnfr, before thewordMn-nfr. whilethegenitive n seems to be written this Glossar22 show the writing of the wordboth withand without examplesgivenin the Demotishes sign. The name had been PtolemaicaV, no. 13529.23 (h) Demotisches Namenbuch, 825-7; Prosopographia read as Hr-riby Jelinkova.24 For thisname see Griffiths25 and Fecht.26 (i) The strokeis rather long and looks morelike r thann. However,I have takenit as an n because thisis whatwe would expectto find. For as Tfy-e-r.w.11 7. The readingof thename was givenby Jelinkova (j) Demotisches Namenbuch, thisname see Vittmann.28 is a schematicreconstruction of the house and its neighbours: (k) The following Dromos of Anubis-who-is-upon-his-mountain thegreatgod House of rnn-hp heldbyhis daughter Ta-mr-wr previously and now occupiedbythechildren of her offspring
Storehousesand cloth-place %

lAl

House

g ^ *S *g >>
<!

House of Pa-ih.t man now held by another

House of thewoman Ta-by held by D-hr son of Hr-p?-rr previously and now occupiedby thechildren of his offspring to Jelinkova speculated thatthe 'merchants'houses in the Anubieion were an endowed institution which a special sort of fund was assigned', since in P. Leiden 374 I- 11 and in P. Leiden 380 'the - endowedhouse of the merchant's house held by the necropolisservants is definedas ry-sdy n swty merchant'.29 She suggestedthatsuch fundscould derivefrom the tradeof cornforwhich,according to P. Vatican22, thesehouses wereused. As such, the neighbouring of thehouse whichis properties the object of transaction in Texts A and B are mentioned'to indicatethe source of these benefits' in which of thenecropolisservants since,she stated,thiswas 'the usual practiceof all thesettlements thefoundations are mentioned insteadof the renttheyprovide'.30 FromthisJelinkova concludesthat 'the subject-matter of thistransaction musthave been onlythe sale of the benefits providedby this merchant's ownerwas a woman;now theestatewas held by fourpersons, one estate,since theformer of them being a woman also. Finally,this property came into the possession of a woman'.31 The contractsrecordedin P. Leiden 374 I- 11 and P. Leiden 380 concernthe sale of revenuesfromthe
20 Pestman, Quaegebeur and Vos, Recueil de textes et bilingues, II. Traductions, demotiques 11, 22, 46 n. i, 102. 21Pestman,Quaegebeur and Vos. Recueilde textes I. 39. 22 W. Erichsen, Demotisches Glossar (Copenhagen, 1954), 161. 23 W. Peremans and E. Van't Dack, Prosopographia Ptolemaica, V, (Louvain, 1963), 100. Following Jelinkova's reading, the authors list the name as Hor-ar. See also next note. 24 JEA 43, 53 line 1. For the correct reading see 286 n. 566; K.-Th. Zauzich, Agyptische Schreibertradition, Zauzich, 'Zur Herkunftund Datierung des Papyrus 8699 verso des Museo egizio di Firenze' ,JEA 49 (1963), 178-9; and G. Botti, 'Minima Demotica', Acta Orientalia 25 (1960), 192-3. 26 G. Fecht, Wortakzent und Silbenstruktur. zur Geschichteder dgyptischen Untersuchungen Sprache (Gluckstadt, Hamburg and New York, 1960), 369. 27 JEA 43, 53 line 2. 28 G. Vittmann, 'Between Grammar, Lexicography and Religion. Observations on Some Demotic Personal Names', Enchoria 24 (1997/8), 90-2. ^ JEA AS, 69 n. 21. 30Jelinkova, JEA 45, 69 n. 21 . The term'.wy is indeed often used in contracts regulating the religious associations, although, according to F. de Cenival (Les associationsreligieuses en Egypte d'apres les documents demotiques (Cairo, 1972), 21-2), the term should probably be interpreted more liberally as 'temple' rather than literallyas 'house'.

25J.G. Griffiths, 'The Meaningof Jl^ hr\JEA 37 (1951), 32-7.

nd and nd-

^ JEA AS,69 n. 21.

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while is notcorroborated of liturgies,32 evidence. Jelinkova's suggestion bytheavailable performance a clauseprescribing include that therepayment loanandleasedocuments be madeatthe In fact, both that thecontract conclusion recorded on ourTextA, and houseof thecreditor.33 Jelinkova's Finally, to the sale of these benefits rather than to Text must refer the houseitself on the B, consequently foundation sinceit is known is also without thatthelegalstatus of basisof thesex of theowners of men.34 from that wasnotdifferent in ancient women Egypt liker than itas an n because is rather thestroke w,I havetaken longandlooksmore (1)Although to find. we wouldexpect thisis what is basedon TextB. (m) The restoration Periodthestandard 52.5 cm;35 god's-cubit appearsto havemeasured (n) DuringthePtolemaic measured 29.7 the transaction of the therefore, property squaremetres. object is basedon TextB. (o) The restoration wordas 'mill'from theCopticterm for thisutility.36 The thiscompound translated (p) Jelinkova 3264and3268,38 andinP.Cairo30602and30603:39 P. Louvre alsoinP. Innsbruck,37 occurs sameword

y*}?lZ&

line3 P.BM EA 10075,

a. 41(P),line3 t*J.id*f} *f//A Bodl.MS. Egypt,

J$i> tO"f**
GJjJJ**Uf>

line 5 P.Innsbruck,
line 6 P.Cairo 30602,

4m*UJ&'*te
4fW Zj 7)/A*2C

line 6 P.Cairo 30603,

line3 P.Louvre 3268,

theterm theword as h.tnU.t transliterated oftheCairopapyri, inhistranslation leaving Spiegelberg, thewordas of P. Louvre3268,translated in his publication 'nti.t Revillout, Haus';40 untranslated, readtheword as 'Mahlhauses'.42 of Papyrus inhistranslation while Innsbruck, Sethe, 'grangeage',41 in MiddleEgypt, where the found at Sharunah, The samewordoccursin P. Mallawi602/9-77/943 author of land. The some and witha house is also associated structure acceptsJelinkova's plots thesameword couldalso that as 'mill'.44 anditstranslation oftheterm Jelinkova45 suggested reading
32 See J. H. Johnson, discussion on length 'The Role of the Egyptian Leiden, 1985), 208-10, forfurther Period. measures used in thePtolemaic in PtolemaicEgypt',in L. H. Lesko (ed.), and surface Priesthood Studies in Honor of RichardA. Parker JEA45, 69-70 n. 23. Egyptological 37W. Spiegelberg, RecTrav25 'PapyrusInnsbruck', sug(Hanoverand London,1986),79, wherethe author 4-6. is to be in the word the that (1903), r.wy-sdy expression r.wy gests 38E. M. Revillout, 'Un quasi-mariage ortomb nhtp for as an abbreviation understood apresconcubichapel. r.wy 33C. J.Martin, 2 (1882), 91-2 and n. 2. A facWillsand Leases of Land: nat',Revueegyptologique 'Marriages, on pl. 30; thewordshows in simileof thetextis reproduced of DemoticContracts', Some Noteson the Formulae t ending. H. Maehlerand A. D. E. Lewis (eds), Legal a feminine M. J.Geller, 39 W. Spiegelberg, Die demotischen Denkmdler a Seminar World. Hellenistic Documents from Papers of the theInstitute 30601-3127050001-50022,II. Die demotischen Papyrus, of ClassicalStudies, Arranged bytheInstitute Institute. and theWarburg Studies 1908), 3-14. For P. Cairo 30602,see pl. University of Text(Strasburg, ofJewish to May 1986 (London, 1995), 76 6. iv; forP. Cairo 30603,see pl. vi. The wordshowsa femiLondon, February Urkunden ninet endinein bothinstances. Demotische See also K. Sethe and J. Partsch, 40Die demotischen Denkmdler II, 5-6 line6, 9, 11 line6. zum dgyptischenBurgschaftsrechte vorziiglich der 41Revillout, Revueegyptologique Three and 2, 91 n. 2. Ptolemderzeit Pierce, (Leipzig, 1920), 227 31; 42Setheand Partsch, 738. 54-5 45. Burgschaftsrechte, Demotic Papyri, 43 The document, which concerns agreements 34See, forexample, 'The Legal Status J.H. Johnson, of H.t-nsw, in thenecropolis lector presof Womenin Ancient priests Egypt',in A. K. Capel and G. E. between was el-Ahmar Kom ent Heaven. Mistress the Sawaris, by O. elpublished Markoe(eds), Mistress day House, of of in Ancient Women Egypt(New York,1996), 175; and J. Aguizy,'A Demotic Deed of "Not Hindering"from BIFAO 89 (1989), 89-99,pls. xi-xii. and Societyin Greekand Roman Sharunah', Rowlandson,Women 44El-Aguizy, also comBIFAO 89, 95 n. i. The author 1998),156. (Cambridge, Egypt 35 M. Depauw, A Companion of thiswordin a to DemoticStudies mentson the factthatthe occurrence thatits use was Middle Egyptindicates from 'Demotic document 1997), 166; see also S. P. Vleeming, (Brussels, believed. to LowerEgyptas previously Measures of Length and Surface, Chiefly of the notconfined etetudes Ptolemaic 45J^45,69-70n. 23. (ed.), Textes Period',in P. W. Pestman et copte(P. L. Bat. 23; de papyrologie demotique grecque,

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of a theseareclearly be found in bothP. New York37346 and P. Leiden378.47 However, examples term from different that found in TextsA and B. withthe The expression is a compound wordconstructed h.t,possibly h.t-nw} usingtheterm 'cloth'.The latter or simply of 'place', and the wordnwf generic meaning 'wrapping* meaning such ofwrapping somekind from term indicates thehieroglyphic nwdt originates |' which f^^ as a to be understood that wordis probably used to wrapbabies.48 The compound as, forexample, a literal translation term for I haveoptedfor a placewhere wasstored alsomade.49 cloth andpossibly A thetext.50 from be inferred without theexactuse of sucha placebecausethiscannot specifying 51 in ateliers PSI of textile Greek no. evidence for the further text, III, private 167, provides presence homes theGreek among population.52 suffix to be thewriting for thethird w>although pronoun person plural (q) The lastsignappears thetopcurveis buta faint lookslikethethird at first mark. The longsign,which singular person ofthenountwintp-tw=f suffix ofthedeterminative ofthewriting is,inmyopinion, pronoun/, part line. inthelinebelow. The stroke to runoverthesignon theprevious is longer than usualandseems w. The samewordin TextB employs suffix thethird pronoun person plural andInpwis thelongoblique to Pestman thesmallstroke between thewords (r) According hff.h than in Memphite stroke found as part ofthewriting theinitial texts for Inpwrather signintheword thegenitive w.53 see Pestman.54 to assets which 'devolve (s) On theexpression ph r usedto refer upon'theheirs, since from the two documents Demotisches 1172. be The name can reconstructed (t) Namenbuch, could thebeginning oftheword inTextB,while inTextA. Jelinkova is preserved theending survives andVittmann.57 as a reading.55 Forthis namesee Vittmann,56 andMiiller only propose [...]-fry-(?) For is incorrect.58 803.The reading (u) Demotisches Namenbuch, byJelinkova Hr-s?-p!-rr suggested thisnameand itsdifferent versions see el-Sayed.59 in Text B with determinative (v) The nameis almost missing. entirely preserved onlytheanimal The latter is clearin Text A although on the papyrus. the initial Jelinkova pa is not preserved to thereading ih.tfor thesecondpartof thename.60 The namedoesnotappear correctly suggested be listed in theDemotisches Namenbuch. of nthry on theextant ntiw niy=.w shhry is basedpartly (w) The restoration hy.w my-w hyn.w traces of thewords inTextA, andpartly at on theparallel lineinTextB, line4, alsoquitedamaged thispoint.I follow in restoring for nt nthry in thelacunabecausethegap seemstoolarge Jelinkova iwalone.Among in thetexts ourTextA wouldappear tobe theonly analysed byZauzich,61 example
46N. J.Reich,'New Documents from theSerapeum of cated in P. Tebtunis 5 (lines 245-7), in B. P. Grenfell, Memphis',Mizraim1 (1933), 1-129. ReichtransliteratedA. S. Hunt and J. G. Smyly,The Tebtunis Papyri,I thewordas nhy and tentatively translated itas 'shed'. For (London, 1902), 55; and OGIS 90 (lines 17-18 and thiswordsee also Erichsen. Dp.mntisr.hps Glnss/ir 111 Orientis 29-30), in W. Dittenberger, graeciinscriptiones 47Pestman, andVos,Recueil de textes I Quaegebeur I, 28 selectae. Supplementum sylloges inscriptionum graecarum, n. 14,and II, 33 n. m. The authors also transliterated the (Leipzig, 1903). See also Thompson,Memphis, 79; F. wordas nhj.t. 'shed'as a possible translation. Janot, Les instruments d'embaumement de VEgypte ancienne accepting 48 R. Hannig, Die Spracheder Pharaonen.Grofies (BdE 125; Cairo, 2000), 74; R. H. Wilkinson,The Handworterbuch (2800-950 v. Chr.) Complete Agyptisch-Deutsch Temples ofAncient Egypt (London,2000),75. 51Papirigreci e latini(PSI III; Florence, (Mainz, 1995), 400. The word nwfis not foundin the 1914),22. 52 Peremans and Van't Dack, Prosopographia Demotisches M. Smithforits translation Glossar;I thank and thereference to itshieroglyphic Ptolemaica counterpart. V, 27 no. 12749. 49Similar 53Pestman, are:hwt-bd and hwt-hsmn, expressions I, 'place Quaegebeurand Vos,Recueilde textes ofnatron', hwt-mnnn, 'placeofbitumen', hwt-nwb, 'placeof 42 n. 44. 54P. W. Pestman, and hwt-mnht, in theArchive of the gold',hwt-dfiw, 'place of provisions' 'place '"Inheriting" ofcloth', all ofwhich usetheconstruction h.tplusproduct- Theban Choachytes (2nd cent.B.C.)', in S. P. Vleeming nameto indicate a place wherethe substance mentioned (ed.),Aspects (Leiden,1984),64-7. ofDemotic Lexicography 557^4 43,54 line3. was produced stored. Forthelisted see and/or expressions 56G. Vittmann, Die Sprache derPharaonen, Onomastik der Spatzeit', Hannig, 516-17;F. R. Herbin, 'Agyptische Le livre Veternite and S. Weniger und deparcourir (OLA 58; Leuven,1994),554; in M. P. Streck (eds), Altorientalische Le papyrus Onomastik J.Vandier, (Paris,1962),331-2,159n. semitische Jumilhac (Munster, 2002), 97; G. Vittmann, und Raumfunktion in a'gypt- 'Zu den agyptischen aramaischiiber164; D. Arnold,Wandrelief Entsprechungen ischen Persnnennflmpn' Oripntnlin 58 MQ8QV 221-2 desNeuenRetches Tempeln (Berlin,1962),78-82. I lieferter 57 thank M. Smith for thesereferences. W.Miiller andG. Vittmann, 'Zu denPersonennamen 50Giventhelargequantities of clothemployed stammenden Frauenin den sogenannten during deraus Agypten themummification and animals, "Hierodulenlisten" vonMa'in', Orientalia 62 (1993),3^. I processof bothhumans thepresence within theAnubieion of a merchant C. Martin for thereference. special- thank intheproduction, of textiles isingin thesale,andpossibly njEAAZ, 54 line4. 59R. el-Sayed,'Un nom populaire is not surprising. In addition, theevidencesuggests that a l'epoque ptolefor facilities theproduction of maique',GM 35 (1979), 51-8. temples mayhavepossessed 60 textiles andthat weregranted remissions for the they royal JEA 43, 54 line4. 61 of materials used in culticactivities, as indiTable 2. production Schreibertradition, Agyptische

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arebothpreceded and hyn.w which thewords Other texts suchas P. by a possessive hy.w pronoun. 825463 ntiwn;y=f BM EA 1002762 shhryy which (311 BC)write (311 bc) and P. Brussels hy.w hyn.w as 'whoseboundary arewritten translate measurements above* and 'whose theauthors respectively arewritten above*. andneighbours measures bothwithand without can be constructed the infinitive ti.64 to (x) The expression According from from unlike those Lower omit theinfinitive.65 documents Zauzich, Egypt, UpperEgypt, regularly of the wordtmy. For a similar clausesee P. Brooklyn M. Smithforthe reading (y) I thank 37.1796E.66 theposition inunderstanding ofthefather as simply that ofa guarantor. with Pestman67 (z) I agree the fact that states that he is forthe indicated seems Hr-nd-if=f only by This,indeed, responsible is found while no statement hisrepudiation of any of thedeed'sobligations, observance concerning title he mayhaveon theproperty.68 written thesecondperson suffix tn to haveinadvertently plural pronoun (aa) The scribe appears of thesecondperson instead ,69 giventhesmallsize of thesign,I am singular pronoun although A comparison of inkleaking. with thesameword itcouldbe theresult whether to determine unable suffix a scribal thesecond error. inTextB, which t,wouldsuggest pronoun person singular employs read the for hn as t and therefore at this is Text A Jelinkova longsign point. (bb) quitedamaged rpi ssw 'from nthry this aforesaid'.70 restored theclauseas n t [pihrw Pestman, daytilltheterm rn=f\, leave the clause to untranslated.71 of thispassage, a translation whohasalsogiven preferred can be formed of tw=tas in Text B. The expression in TextA readsiw-t instead (cc) The text It is interesting to notethat the construction.72 or thecircumstantial thepresent with either present in eachof thecontracts. construction hasuseda different samescribe beenreadincorrectly as Ply-he had previously of thescribe (?) si (dd) The nameandpatronymic tohavebeenoneofthefamily theyounger sonofHr-si-is.t andas Pa-Thwtj.74 Hr-hm73 Pl-hrf appears either as writers or as areawhoare attested from theMemphite of a longlineof scribes members do notclearly mention theplaceofresidence The texts this from ofthedocuments witnesses region.75 of theextant documents indicates an analysis of these of influence or thesphere scribes,76 although This is the same time within the Anubieion. office at held have scribe one more than that shown, may on 15 son of Nhf=w 37.1796Ewas written thatP. Brooklyn forexample, by Pt-ti-wsir by thefact 37.1802E.78 hm drew P. after Hr-sl-is.t a 108 up Brooklyn pi only day February BC,77 tohavebeenomitted t andthedeterminative thefeminine bythescribe.79 appear ending (ee) Both inmore ofwhich, orless several as an archival tobe understood is probably The name note, examples

72Erichsen, 62C. A. R. Andrews, Lesestiicke Demotische II, 126-7. Papyriin Catalogue of Demotic 73Jelinkova, the Texts IV. Ptolemaic theBritish JEA 43, 54. from Museum, Legal 74 P. W. Pestman,'Les documentes Area (London,1990),64-6 line2. Theban juridiquesdes 63M. Depauw, The Archive a l'epoqueptolema'ique', du dieu"de Memphis from "chanceliers of Teosand Thabis was givenby P. Brux.Dem. Inv. E. 8252-8256 OMRO 44 (1963), 22. The correct Thebes. reading EarlyPtolemaic ReineElisabeth8; Turnhout, Schreibertradition, 71-2, Urkunden 2000), 129 Zauzich, Agyptische (Monographies 95. line2. 75Pestman, 64W. Erichsen, II. Urkunden Demotische I, Quaegebeurand Vos, Recueilde textes Lesestiicke, 19 and 27 versoline 7, 31-3, 34 line 27, 43 n. 60, 46 line 2. Glossar derPtolemderzeit, (Leipzig,1940),20-1. 65Agyptische 54 line25, 57, 146-7 Klausel 8, 155, 25, and II, 32, 35 n. dd, 44 line27, 49 n. ff, Schreibertradition, de textes and Vos,Recueil n. 11. See Pestman, Tables 1 and 2. Quaegebeur 66Pierce,Three tableand a listof thecontracts 15 line27. I translate I, 32, forthegenealogical Demotic Papyri, of thisfamily. On thisfamily members becauseof theelasticity written as 'settlement' thewordsimply byvarious with whichtermssuch as tmyand nw.twere used in of scribessee also H. De Meulenaere, 'Prosopographia Deuxiemeserie',CdE 37 (1962),69-73. Fora Ptolemaica. ancient Egypt. 67Marriage of Pi-hrf 130-1. I, andMatrimonial analysisof the handwriting Property, palaeographical 68Although statement of thelatter theomission III, see Zauzich, II, Hr-s?-is.t pi hmand Pi-hrf may (Ir-si-is.t 201-4. it seems Agyptische of the contract, Schreibertradition, be due simplyto the wording 76See Pestman, de textes and Vos,Recueil did not becauseHr-nd-if=f itwasomitted that morelikely Quaegebeur thattheymayhave livedin the as suggested to theproperty, haveanyrights by the fact I, 32, forthe suggestion as priests. and thatthey a deed,also renouncing Anubieion confirmed a person mayalso haveserved whenever that 77Pestman, de textes Recueil and on the stated was this I, Vos, his or herownership Quaegebeur clearly rights, document. of Teos 53 line31, 57 n. 45. Depauw,TheArchive See, for example, 78Pestman, I, Quaegebeurand Vos,Recueilde textes and Thabis,126-32 (P. Bruss.8254); E. N. Adler,J. G. 32-4. and Adler The F. LI. Tait and Papyri(Oxford Griffith, 79Jelinkova thatit was unusualto finda Ptolemaic suggested London,1939),72-5 (P. Adler2); andAndrews, and that'it in thispartof a legaldocument name written EA BM 70-2 10392). (P. Legal Texts, 69 Pestman, Marriage and Matrimonial Property, 131. of indicate a moredeveloped organisation might possibly 70 had their the where individual archives the 6. 62 line line and 54 persons notary 45, 6, 43, JEA JEA 71Marriage owndossiers'{JEA 45, 74). 130. andMatrimonial Property,

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archival noteswereinscribed are known.80 either on the versoof the elaborate However, form, visible after the document had been rolled on so as to remain or a sheet that was up, separate papyrus, In a close of this the contract. area of the around seems to fact, inspection manuscript wrapped name the has been onto the that the sheet at a bearing Is.t-wry(.t) pasted fragment original suggest ofthefragment tobe indicated coloration inrelation This seems totherest later bythedarker stage.81 do notlineup with thoseof themainsheet.Therefore, thatitsfibres it of therolland bythefact inscribed either on theversoof themanuscript, thatthenamewas originally on a seemspossible In addition, or on a separate sheetof papyrus.82 no longer thewriting of thisname section extant, found within thebodyof thecontracts, different from other to be slightly which, examples appears as shownby a superimposition of thetwo.This maypossibly are remarkably similar, by contrast, timethantherest of thecontract at a different or bya different it waswritten that person, suggest note is not found in Text B. this the owner. Interestingly, perhaps corner of thedocument nameon thelower of The partly right maybe thesignature (ff) damaged thedeed,possibly as guarantor. of of party thefather A, whoconfirmed acting Onlythebeginning and the end of his father's as: the name Hr-nd~if=f name, Pi-ti-wsir-hp, survive,written 1 ofthenameP;-ti-wsir-hp as: /i^L I j#fc- thewriting aPPears I j (mmmm, Interestingly, \o >as ** from that usedwithin thebodyofthedocument is different ofthedocument, atthefoot bythescribe in writing which of personal variations as: fpfffcrf* written ,83 maybe indicative practices. Pa-hrf, to TextA confirms theregistration of thisdocument docket appended registrar's (gg)The Greek in the Anubieion.85 the a scribe of Arios,84 grapheion by thenames orPi-ti-wsir-hp as to readthisname.I canonly suggest Pi-ti-imn-htp (hh) I amunable readings. possible See alsothenext note. byJelinkova.86 (ii) The namehadbeenreadas Hr-r; as a reading.87 The namePa-tr.t is 431.Jelinkova Namenbuch, suggested P?-ti-[...] (jj) Demotisches In P. Brooklyn 37.1839EA-B (201 BC) a in Memphite documents.88 encountered one frequently as 'theelder',is listed thedocument's identified thelatter son of Pa-tr.t, certain among Hr-nd-if=f whether relation existed between them determine to it is not anyfamily witnesses,89 possible although thetemporal between the two documents. inTextsA andB given individuals andthelike-named gap only...he... as a reading.90 suggested (kk)Jelinkova thereading first 431. Jelinkova Demotisches Pa-[...].9i Namenbuch, suggested Ply... andlater (11) 546 n. 28a, wherethe authorsstatethat Namenbuch, (mm) For this name see Demotisches is incorrect. as P;-rr Jelinkova's reading as suggested wouldbe Pi-nfr, Another aboutthereading. by possibility (nn) I am notcertain orPa-nfr. Jelinkova,92
80 302. inAndrews, Namenbuch, canbe found notes ofarchival Examples 84An analysis dockets indicates that of thesurviving P. BM EA 10463,69-70,pl. 54; P. Ptolemaic Legal Texts, P. Innsbruck BM EA 10612,73^, pl. 66; P. BM EA 1O532A, (74 BC),P. Louvre2411 74-5, pl. Ariosalso registered da Deir el-Medineh (64 BC),P. Louvre2464 (64 BC)and P. Leiden 380 (64 BC). 62; G. Botti, Uarchiviodemotico - mon- See Wilcken, derPtolemderzeit, Urkunden 620-1, dockets (Catalogodel Museo egiziodi Torino.Serieprima e testiI; Florence, umenti JEA 43, 54, 1967),Papiro18, 117,pl. xxiii; nos. 136, 139, 140, 141, 142; and Jelinkova, P. 19, 119, pl. xxiv;P. 22, 129, pl. xxvi;P. 23, 131, pls. andJEA 45, 74 nn. 57-8. 85This was required P. 35, 179,pl. xxxix;P. P. 31, 164,pl. xxxviii; bya law of 145 BC,whichstipuxxvi-xxvii; to be had to be registered 36, 184,pl. xliv;P. 43, 200,pl. xlix;P. 45, 203,pl. viii;M. latedthatall Demoticcontracts P. W. Pestman,The Archive in valid. See further Thebes. Demotic Archive A Family elof the Papyri Amir, from and Cairo Museums thePhiladelphia (Second Century B.C.): A Survey of fromthePtolemaic ThebanChoachytes in theArchive and GreekPapyriContained Period (Cairo, 1959), P. Philadelphia8; Depauw, The theDemotic Doc. 2, 114,pl. 15; Doc. 2 bis, (Studia Demotica2; Leuven,1993),337-41. Archive of Teosand Thabis, 86JEA 43, 54. For the correct see Zauzich notessee also W. Erichsen, reading, 124-5, pl. 16. For archival n. 286 Firchow in O. demotische 566; Zauzich, Schreibertradition, 71, Agyptische Urkundenvermerke', 'Einige Acta Orientalia Studien 25, 192-3. JEA 49, 178-9; and Botti, 1955),76-80. (Berlin, (ed.), Agyptologische 87 81It is possiblethatthefragment was pastedontothe JEA 43, 54, andJEA 45, 62. 88See Pestman, de textes and Vos,Recueil to it is interesting in moderntimes.However, contract Quaegebeur notein P. I, 14 n. 54. theold archival forreasons notethat, unknown, 89Pestman, I, Bruss.8253 was pastedonto the versoof the roll itself Quaegebeurand Vos, Recueilde textes 27 witness 14. 19 and the it was when discarded thanbeing rather replacedby 90JEA 43, 54. For the correct newone,Doc. 2 bis;see Depauw,TheArchive readingsee Zauzich, of Teosand 122 n. 49,178-9. JEA Thabis, (dd). 91 82If thiswas thecase,thenit is possiblethatthefemreadJEA43,54,andJEA45,62. Forthecorrect the ing, see Zauzich,JEA 49, 178-9; and Botti,Acta werelostduring inineendingt and thedeterminative Orientalia process. 25, 192-3. 92 83The scansof bothvariants of thenamehave been JEA 43, 55, andJEA 45, 62. taken from the examples given in the Demotisches

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hrseems element butI amunable toreadtherest. ofthetheophorous quiteclear (oo) The writing orHr-ij-m-htp. wouldbe Hr-m-hy Possible readings readthenameas Harmakhis.93 is notcertain. Jelinkova (pp) The reading is notcertain.94 (qq) The reading byJelinkova.95 (rr)The namehadbeenreadas Mn-wr would be wrseand wry, as suggested Otherpossibilities is not certain. by (ss) The reading Jelinkova.96 does notseemto me to be supported Mn suggested byJelinkova bytheextant (tt)The reading in the witnesses' list name with twoother itmay ofthis A superimposition traces.97 examples suggests of thenameTwt. be a writing visible.I can onlysuggest forthe wsir-hp pi and perhapstj are clearly (uu) Onlythe words of thename. remainder of wsir, I am unableto read traces of thenamemaybe a writing although (vv) The remaining Mn as a reading.98 follows. orwhat what either Jelinkova suggested precedes

a. 41(P): TextB Bodl. MS. Egypt, Descriptionof the papyrus of seven thefirst brown andconsists The papyrus kollemata, only7 being 3-4) is light (figs. The sheets 12.5and14cminwidth. measure between sixsheets while theremaining cmwide, The text is written on therecto, 1 to 1.5 cm. of an with arejoinedleft overlap uponright are 98 cm in as preserved, of themanuscript, dimensions The overall to thefibres. parallel on left-hand side. and 16.8 cm the 19 cm on the between varies the while right height length of the in the lower considerable has suffered The papyrus rightpart damage especially of of theroll.A closeexamination thantherest to be darker itappears where handsection, the have been of the that this indicate to the area seems may subjectof papyrus part This seems its acquisitionin the nineteenth century. restoration, possiblyfollowing visible in are still the of that the fact indicated placeswhere papyrus original fragments by sections of the havelifted. sheets of thenewoverlapping smallsections Furthermore, large in line 7, whilethereare also signsof in line 6 and especially textare entirely missing of thetraces out.In addition, washed to have been text of the where appears part smudging Several Demoticcharacters. stillvisiblein thisarea do not appearto resemble writing the acrossthesurface, intervals at regular arealso present cracks vertical marking possibly in the occur rolled the of original theflattening from resulted folds that Largegaps papyrus. most of have broken the of where cracks these text away, although papyrus fragments along deeds to other A and of Text of basis on the restored be can lacunae the sh-n-wy parallels Period. from thePtolemaic of the at thebeginning of papyrus of thesurviving of thefibres An examination portion side to the attached have been a protokollon that toindicate seems document right-hand may sincethisarea of the to thekollesis. fibres of therollwiththevertical However, parallel with vertical that the it is of shows fragment restoration, quitepossible signs heavy papyrus than rather of suchrepairs oftherollis an element atthebeginning found fibres uppermost
an original protokollon.

before ontoa clothbacking was mounted thepapyrus its acquisition, being Following is no the contract the verso of on who witnesses list of the framed. signed Consequently, of lower and the on is also holes small of A series visible.99 margins the upper present longer
93JEA 45, 62. 94Jelinkovaread the name as rnhinJE A 43, 55, and as 99An analysisof contractsforwhich both sh-dbi-hd and are preservedindicatesthatthe witnesseswould be sh-n-wy the same for both deeds. See, for example, Andrews, PtolemaicLegal Texts,P. BM EA 10727 and 10721 (182 BC), 38-40, P. BM EA 10722 and 10723 (181 BC), 41-3, and P. BM EA 10724 and 10725 (179 BC), 92-6. It is, therefore, likelythatthe names of the people who signed on the verso of Text A were also those who witnessedText B.

95JEA 43, 54. For the correct reading see Zauzich, JEA 49, 178-9; and Botti,Ada Orientalia 25, 192-3.

Pa-[...] inJEA 45, 62. ^ JEA 43, 55.

97 JEA 43, 55, and ^

JEA 43, 55.

45, 62.

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papyrus.They were probablymade afterthe roll had been mountedonto the fabricsince Their some of themclearlypierce throughboth the papyrusand the backingmaterial.100 to me. clear is not immediately purpose Transliteration n 4 ih.tsw 2 [n (pr-]ri)\rw's' (ptwlmyis)\rw[s] [pi n]trmrit mrsn irmm wr[b.w] (1) hi.t-sp18 /6^ ntiw=w sh n-[im=wn] rr-qt ni (pr-ri.w)\rwsnt hr ni shn.wn mn-nfr hnr mi-nn d sw.frmt nhf-nb-jsi hr-nd-if=f hr-m-hy pr-hn-inpw hnr hm shm.t hnr si si ri hr-nd-if-j ti-sr.t-hr-m-hy pi hr-nd-if=f hr-m-hy pi r s 3 ni sn.whm.[wn] nhf-nb-jnt hryr s 4 n wrn [mw.t]=w nhf-w-sn (2) si.t hr-nd-if=f r-hr-tn tw=n wy.f.k si.tpi-ti-nfr-[t]m d.f n=f irs mw.t=sti[y]-r-r=w shm.[t]is.t-wry.t r mh n sst nt ir mh-ntr 18 n hr-h mh-ntr hbs sbi nt pi rsy pr mh[f] iw=f piy=t r.wy qt iw=f rpr iibf hnrtiy-t 6 n pi imnf hrrpi r[t]rshff.hn ntnpr-hn-inpw ntqt hrn=w nti[r n=f mh]f my=tmhr.[w] (3) [h].t-nwf n n rn r-hr=n tni.t shm.t si.tpi-ti-ijnhf=w-s pi ntrrinthn nt n[b ii]rph inpwtp-[tw]=f nt in-t pi r.wy ti ht-nw\} mw.t-sis.t-wry.t n]i mhr.w tiy=nmw.tti sn.ttiy=tmw.t m-htp hry si pi-ti-wsir-hp piy=n i[t.fs]h dbi hd r-r-wn pi (4) iir=n dbi hd r ir=n n=t ir[mhr-nd-if=]f ssw[hrwnt]hry my=whyn.w nthr ni hrf.w r wn-ni.w hrd-hrsi hr-pi-rr n shm.t rs [pi r].wy my=fhrf.w rta-by" ntr ri rn pi mhf hff.h inpwtp-tw=f r wn-ni.w hrshm.t n rnh-hp [i]iy=fsr.tnthrm hrf.w ta-mr-w[r] imnf pi r.wy (5) [my=sh]rt.w rmt rpi h(y)riwt=[w] n pa-ih[.tnt]hrkt-h.t iibf pi [r.]wy [r tmt] sh rmtw- my=why[n.w [nthryntiw my=]why.w [my]=tmhr.w tiy-t[ht-nw]f (pi) r.wy mtnbn pi ti iir-n-t[n] rn~wpi ntiw=f (r) mnmtw=n pi ntsh hrytpi hrwr-hry h]ryr-h r-hr-t r n ti iw=n ht[r]iw[} m]n dbi.f-w w[y=]f ij r-[hr]=t iw sw.[}rmt] si p]i-t[i-wsi]r-hp pi i[t.fpi s 4 nthry ta-ij-m-htp mw.t[=f] n]thryhr-nd-if[=f (6) [npi] tm[y n ir n=t r-h[mtnbnthry] pi ntiw n-i]m=wtw=t[m-si]=y iir[ymtnbnthryhi.f=ymtr.w nthryir=f n=t iw=y ir=f n-t hn hrw5 n pi ibtrn=fn htriwf bniw pi s [4] niy=yhrf.w mn iw=w d n pi s 5 tw=tm-si piy=t mrn-im=nr pi s 5 [r] ir n[=t pi] hp (n) pi sh n=t r-ir=n m-si=n [npisS iir-t r hp]rtw[=t]m-si=n[n] s[h-dbi-hd (7) [nthry][iir=tm]rhpr 2 r sh iw=t d.t nt ['nh r-r-wn hi.t-sp18 ibt4 ih.tsw 2 n (pr]-^i)\rwsmh] [{ptwlmy]is)\fwsm-si-nn-[im]=whn[r piy=w] hp r shpa-hrf si hr-[si-is].t pi hm Translation (1) Regnal year 18, fourthmonth of the inundationseason, day 2 [of (Phara]oh)|1Ph lp Ch and the the go]da who loves (his) father (and) who loves (his) sister, (Ptolemaios)| LP-hat Alexandria. who are registered of the (Pharaohs)| priest[s]b
100 sheetis of syn- whichwe would probably It seemspossiblethatthisbacking expectto findin clothmade natural fibres. becausethe area aroundat leastone of the from fabric thetic thanburning rather smallholes showssignsof melting

d\

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(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

from which themerchant theAnubieion is in thedistricts Has declared of Memphis, with theelder, sonof Hr-nd-it-f, of thesameprofession, together Hr-m-hy Nht-nb=f with theyounger, sonofHr-nd-it-fy sonofHr-nd-if=f, with Hr-m-fry together together thewoman T?-sr.t-hr-m-hy of theyounger aforesaid, brethr[en being3 persons, of]Nhf-nb=f daughter Hr-nd-if=f> withone voice,their to (the)woma[n] Is.t[mother] beingNhf=w-sy being4 persons hermother calledtrs, of P?-ti-nfr-[t]m, daughter beingT;y-r-r=w: wry.t which ofyourc is built, itbeing from itbeing 'Wearefar house, roofed, you(in respect) 18 god's-cubits doorandwindow measures thesouth with from (and) which complete 6 from the west to the with to thenort[h] east, together your by god's-cubits that arebuiltat their which entrance, storehouse[s]d (and)your a[reto its cloth-[pla]ce on the southern of the dromosof and whichare in the Anubieion s[ide]f nort]h,e the which includes greatgod, (and) Anubis-who-is-upon-his-mountain, everything in (the)name(of the)woman ofPi-ti-ij-mcametous as share Nhf-w-s daughter th]at of your thesister mother. ourmother, hermother Is.t-wry.ty being htpy thecloth-pla[ce storehouses thehouse, You havebought^ (and) t]heaforesaid we havemadefor son which from youa [s]h-dbi-hd wi[th Hr-nd-it]^/* us,h concerning at theafore[said ourf[ather],J of P?-ti-wsir-hpy da]te.k Theirneighbours: was heldbyD-hrson of Hr-pi-rr (and) south, [theh]ouseof thewomanTa-bywhich of hisoffspring; which is (now)heldbythechildren thegreat of Anubis-who-is-upon-his-mountain, god; north, (the)dromos woman was held which of the house by(the) Ta-mr-w[r], [h]isdaughter, west, rnh-hp of is (now)heldbythechildren (and)which [heroffspring; thealley(of thehouse) is heldbyother peoplewhile which] east,thehouseof Pa-ih[.t is between [them]. (theneighbours). [Totalling] To you belong1 storehouses, (and) yo[ur] house,yourcloth[whos]e [pla]cen (the)m in with that which is accordance and boundariesare written measurements ab]ove, claim at all We do nothaveany abovefrom written you [on]p against todayonwards. of them, of them. account youon account agfainst] anyonewhoshallproceed (As for) from we willcausehimto be fa[r] (and) witho[ut del]ay.'q youbycompulsion] a man] Whilethemercha[nt, sonofP]i-t[i-wsi]r-hpy beingTa[his]mother Hr-nd-if[=f the]saidsettlement], [from of the4 persons thefa[ther aforesaid, declares]: ij-m-htp, You have[a legal is them. heart satisfied aforesaid all with]r matters, my (the) 'Execu[te the That which with in accordance for act me to on aforesaid]. [everything you claim] 5 days willnotdo for youwithin you,I willdo itfor aforesaid, mychildren, [4] persons without thesaidmonth, ofs delay/ bycompulsion, Whilethe5 persons say:1 the5 persons, 'You havea legalclaim [to]fulfil totalling anyoneofus youwant, against of the deed youthe]obligation fo[r us, [as the5 persons, you [Shouldyouwi]shto makea legalclaimagainst [aforesaid]. u [You]havea claim[on]us (also) [with willb]e (ableto havea claim). (the to]v respect themin regnal we madeforyouconcerning which of the)s[h-dbt-hdw year18, right x lP-h of the inundation month fourth [(Ptolema]ios)|LPh season,day 2 of (Pharao]h)| You have a claimon us with who [livesforever,? (the)]twodocuments.2 completing >aa to t[he]m obligation. an[dtheir] respect theyounger. of son Wrote Pa-hrf Hr-[s?-is].t

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restorations arefound without Text comment unlike arebasedon TextA, which, (a) Where they much in thefirst halfof thepapyrus. B, hasnotsuffered damage at thispoint andonlypartof theplural (b) Thereis a gap in thepapyrus signsurvives. as inTextA, thetext usesthefirst 'our'inthespecification (c) In sh-dbi-hd deeds, plural pronoun of thehouse, with thevendors 'We havegiven in theshitis yours', whereas stating, youourhouse, the sellers 'We far from that are as indicate n-wy declare, house',which, Depauwsuggests, your may theownership of theproperty had already to the with the first document.101 passed buyer is clearly in Text A, as wellas beingsuggested visible (d) The pluralending by theuse of the plural possessive pronoun my-t. due to thegapsin thepapyrus. (e) The clauseis only partially preserved thepreposition hrandthenounrt there tobe another the (f)Between appears sign, quitepossibly for thedefinite article doesnotseemto havebeenusedin theparallel writing pl. The latter passage in TextA which readssimply hrrt. The of the verb in-twassuggested The following used clauseis often (g) reading byM. Smith.102 in sh-n-wy documents to refer backto thefirst itis of the the and therefore contract, sh-dbi-hd, part notfound in TextA. Enough of theclausesurvives to be certain aboutthereading. of theword iirwassuggested (h) The reading byM. Smith. butthereading is supported (i) Onlypartof thedeterminative survives, name, bythefollowing which is that of thefather ofHr-nd-ip=f, andbytheoccurrence of bothnames againinline6. of theword butthereading is quitecertain. (j) Hardly anytrace survives, is quitedamaged at thispoint. hrw nthry inpart of thewords is only (k) The text My restoration traces of ink.In fact, of thesigns thenounsswonly theending of supported bytheextant following thewordhry seemsclear, whileit is difficult to determine whether theremaining traces arepartof theoriginal words hrw and ntor theresult of a possible restoration of thepapyrus. The use of the wordssw-hrw,102 with thegeneric of 'date' or as in Text compound 'time', meaning B, is alsofound in P. Heidelberg 723 (line 19),104 P. Innsbruck P. Cairo P. 30620 and Pavia 1120.106 (line 16),105 from theanalysis of thetables thisuse of thecompound doesnot However, produced byZauzich107 to havebeenvery common in either sh-dbi-hd orsh-n-wy deeds. appear is very at thispoint andthereading mtw=t seems (1)The papyrus damaged only partly supported traces. Another wouldbe ply-tin a nominal clausewiththecopula by theextant possible reading either omitted or lostin themany in thispartof thepapyrus. pronoun gapspresent The article is omitted in thistext butitappears in TextA. (m) pi The restoration is based on the in line3. (n) parallel specification of thepossessive as plural is dictated of thenounmhr.w. (o) The restoration bytheplural ending arejustvisible. (p) Tracesof theword is basedon theoccurrence ofthis sameformula inline6 ofthetext andonthe (q) The restoration of thisclausefound in Ptolemaic contracts of sale. many parallels is veryfragmentary at thispointand largegaps are present in thetext.The (r) The papyrus seemssupported that thetraces in Text B match with thepassagein TextA, as reading bythefact shown of thetwodocuments. bya superimposition The stroke is rather liker than n. However, I havetaken itas an n because (s) longandlooksmore thisis what we wouldexpect to find. of thewordd was suggested (t) The reading thefive by M. Smith:literally, 'they say,namely Foranother of thisclausesee P. Brooklyn 37.1796E.108 persons'. example 109 in P. Leiden376. (u) The sameclauseis also found of what couldhavebeenn. (v) Thereis buta trace trace of thewordis theobliquestroke of thefirst (w) The onlysurviving of signin thewriting theverbsh. LP-hof the words(Pharaoh)!1?11 is clearly (x) The restoration (Ptolemaios)| suggested by what survives ofthem. In addition, theextant traces ofinkinthedisplaced abovethis word seem fragment to correspond to partsof thew, the t and the/ in thewriting of thenamePtwlmyis. Thus, the
101See further Depauw, The Archiveof Teos and Thabis, 7, n. 12. 102 Fortheidiomsin r-dbi-hd and tir-dbi-hd used with themeaning of buying and selling see J.H. Johnson, Thus Wrote 'Onchsheshonqy: An Introductory Grammarof Demotic (SAOC 45: Chicago.1991). 41. 103 Demotisches 461. Erichsen, Glossar, 104 Setheand Partsch, Burgschaftsrechte, pl. 19. 105 Setheand Partsch, 740 n. 1. Burgschaftsrechte, 106 Zauzich.Asvttische Schreibertradition. table4. 107 tables1-4. Agyptische Schreibertradition, 108 Demotic 13-18 line30. Pierce,Three Papyri, 109 Setheand Partsch, 208-9line30. Burgschaftsrechte,

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be loweredby one line. This is also suggestedby the factthatthewordsin should probably fragment read [...]m=w tw-twhichis whatwe would expectto findat thispoint theupperpartof thefragment in line 6 of the text. d.t or nt rnh but I am not d.tyuo expectto findwould be rnh (y) The readingwe would generally in the gap. written thisis whatwas originally certainwhether entirely r ir n=t hr-nd-i}-f would be: tw-t m-si-nn (pi hp n) sh-dbt-hd si (z) Anotherpossible restoration r-w-sr-w-s- d.t r mhsh 2. A IS ibt4 ih.tswln (pr-r$)\ (ptwlmyis)\ ntrnh piy-n ifr-r-wn hl.t-sp pl-ti-wsir-hp and P. Louvre E 3266.112 clause is foundin P. PhiladelphiaVIII and X111 similar However,forreasons thisentiresentencein the gap. of space I do not believeit is possibleto restore 37.1839E A (line 8), P. Brooklyn 37.1839E B (line 6)113 clause is foundin P. Brooklyn (aa) A similar and in P. BM EA 10616 (line 5) fromPhiladelphia.114

110 19 and 26, and II, 24 and 32. 134-5. of Teosand Thabis, Depauw,TheArchive 114 111 of the S. R. K. Glanville,'A Demotic Contract A FamilyArchive 37-41, fromThebes, El-Amir, Third 45-9. Centuryfromthe Fayyum(Dem. P. Brit. Mus. 112 to F. LI. Griffith BIFAO 71, line 12 R-S. (London, De Cenival, 10616)', in StudiesPresented 113 and Vos,Recueilde textes I, 1932),154. Pestman, Quaegebeur