Name : _____________________________ Chapter 3 Movement of Subtances Across the Plasma Membrane _________________________________________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 3: MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES ACROSS THE PLASMA MEMBRANE WORKSHEET 3.1 Movements of Substances across the Plasma Membrane Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. 1. Substances that are required by cells are: _____________, _____________ and _________________. 2. Substances to be eliminated from cells are ______________, ____________ and _________________. 3. The necessity for the movement of substances across the plasma membrane : Obtain nutrient for __________________ Eliminate ____________________ products Maintain concentration of ions that are suitable for the activities of the cell. Maintain the _________________ pH value. Score __ /__

____

4. The movement of substances in and out of the cells is regulated by the ______________________. 5. The plasma membrane is the boundary that separates the living cell from its surroundings. 6. S.J. Singer and G. Nicolson (1972) proposed a membrane model called the ___________________________________ 7. The fluid-mosaic model describes the plasma membrane as ________________, with the protein and phospholipid molecules moving freely within the membrane.

[12 Marks]

Name : _____________________________ Chapter 3 Movement of Subtances Across the Plasma Membrane _________________________________________________________________________________________

WORKSHEET 3.2 The Structure of the Plasma Membrane Label the structure of the plasma membrane in the diagram below.

Score __ /__

____

3.1/2

[ 8 marks ]

Diagram 3.1 : The Fluidmosaic Model 1. The plasma membrane, according to the fluid-mosaic model is composed mainly of ________________ and protein. 2. Each phospholipid molecule consists of two parts: A polar head that gives it a ________________ property. A pair of non-polar tails that give it a _____________________ property.

3. In plasma membranes, phospholipids arrange themselves into two layers (bilayer). The hydrophilic heads of the outer layer face the ____________________ fliud. The hydrophilic heads of the inner layer face the _________________ fluid.

4. The ______________ acts as a barrier which isolates the two sides of the membrane. 5. The phospholipid bilayer also contains _______________ which links the fatty acids together. 6. Cholesterol makes the plasma membrane stable, strong, more flexible and less permeable to water-soluble substances such as ions. 7. There are two different types of proteins. ____________ protein : the protein molecule that forms a channel or pore ____________ protein : the protein molecule that acts as a carrier

Both proteins are referred to as transport proteins. 8. Some membrane proteins that have carbohydrate chains attached to them on their outer surface form ______________________.

[10 Marks]

Name : _____________________________ Chapter 3 Movement of Subtances Across the Plasma Membrane _________________________________________________________________________________________

WORKSHEET 3.3 The Permeability of the Plasma Membrane Fill in the blanks with the correct answer.

Score __ /__

____

1. The membrane is said to be _______________ if it prevents the passage of all molecules. 2. The plasma membrane is selectively permeable or ___________________________ 3. This means that, certain substances can move across the plasma membrane freely while others cannot. 4. The ___________ and _____________ of molecules determine the movement of molecules across the plasma membrane.

5. Complete the table :

Structure of plasma membrane Phospholipids bilayer

Substances that moves across the plasma membrane

Example : fatty acid, glycerol and vitamin A, D, E, K

Example : oxygen and carbon dioxide. Example : water

Pore protein

Small water-molecules and ions Example : K+, ________, ________

Carrier protein

Large water-soluble molecules Example : _________________ and amino acids

[10 Marks]

Name : _____________________________ Chapter 3 Movement of Subtances Across the Plasma Membrane _________________________________________________________________________________________

WORKSHEET 3.4 The movement of soluble substances across the plasma membrane through the process of passive transport Fill in the blanks with the correct answers.

Score __ /__

____

Movement of substances across the membrane follows the Definition __________________________ without any use of energy by the cell.

Passive Transport
Types

Simple diffusion
Definition

Osmosis

Facilitated diffusion
Definition The movement of molecules aided by carrier proteins follows the concentration gradient without using _____________ until an __________________ is achieved . Pass through

Net movement of molecules or ions from a region of ____________ concentration to a region of lower concentration, following the concentration gradient until ________________is achieved. Pass through Phospholipid bilayer

Carrier protein Example ____________, carbon dioxide and lipid-soluble molecules Example s Glucose and amino acids

Pore protein

Example s

Net movement of _______ molecules from a region of _____________________concentration to a region of ______________________concentration through a _______________________.

[11 Marks]

Name : _____________________________ Chapter 3 Movement of Subtances Across the Plasma Membrane _________________________________________________________________________________________

WORKSHEET 3.5 Facilitated Diffusion Fill in the blanks with suitable answers. 1. Facilitated diffusion through a pore protein

Score __ /__

____

High concentration

Low concentration
Diagram 3.2 : Facilitated diffusion through a pore protein

1. Pore proteins form _________ or channels which small dissolves particles (ions) can diffuse across the plasma membrane. 2. Pore has a ________________________ which only allow specific ions to pass through. 2. Facilitated diffusion through a carrier protein Amino acid and glucose Carrier protein

1. Molecules such as glucose, small protein and amino acids move towards the binding sites of specific carrier protein and bind themselves to the.. 2. The carrier protein changes its to allow the molecules to pass through to the other side of the plasma membrane. 3. The protein resumes its shape. The movement of water molecules across the plasma membrane by osmosis

Diagram 3.2 : Facilitated diffusion through a carrier protein 1. Molecules such as glucose and acids amino _________ to the specific carrier protein at active site. 2. The carrier protein changes its ____________ to allow the molecules to pass through to other side of plasma membrane. 3. The carrier protein changes to its _______________ shape. [5 marks]

3.5/2

Name : _____________________________ Chapter 3 Movement of Subtances Across the Plasma Membrane _________________________________________________________________________________________

WORKSHEET 3.6 Osmosis Fill in the blank with suitable answers.

Score __ /__

____

A. The movement of water molecules across the plasma membrane by osmosis 1. Osmosis is a net movement of _________ molecules from a region of _________________ concentration to a region of __________________ concentration through a ____________________________

Only water molecules can pass through the pores in the semi permeable membrane

B
Water molecules Solute molecules

Draw the line diagram to show the water level.

Diagram 3.3 : The process of osmosis

2. A has ______________ water molecules than B, so A is ______________ to B.

[7 marks]

Name : _____________________________ Chapter 3 Movement of Subtances Across the Plasma Membrane _________________________________________________________________________________________

WORKSHEET 3.7 Active Transport

Score __ /__

____

The movement of substances across the plasma membrane through the process of active transport Fill in the blanks with the correct answers. 1. Active transport is the movement of ____________ or ______ from a region of ____________concentration to a region of ___________ concentration across the plasma membrane with the use of cellular ___________. 2. Besides using energy in the form of ATP that is generated during respiration, active transport also require ________________ 3. The carrier protein has _____________ which binds with a particular molecule or ion and another active site which binds to the ATP molecules. 4. Active transport results in the ______________ or elimination of molecules or ions from the cells, i.e equilibrium state is never achieved. 5. Carrier proteins involved in active transport are often called pump because they operate just like water pump which use energy to move water against ____________________ 6. In animal cells, the concentration of _______________ ions inside the cells is always higher than the concentration ___________________ the cell. 7. While the concentration of _________________ ions outside the cells is always _____________ than the concentration inside the cells. 8. Carrier proteins are called _____________________ pumps that help to maintain the concentration gradients by pumping sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell. 9. In plant cell, there is a sodium pump mechanism in mangrove root. [13 Marks]

Name : _____________________________ Chapter 3 Movement of Subtances Across the Plasma Membrane _________________________________________________________________________________________

WORKSHEET 3.8 The mechanism of active transport for sodium ions

Score __ /__

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The diagram 3.4 shows the mechanism of active transport. Based on the diagram, fill in the blanks, to show the correct sequence.

Diagram 3.4

1. The sodium ions approach the _________. The carrier protein has a site for the sodium ions and another site to bind the ATP molecules. 2. The carrier protein binds the sodium ions. The ATP molecules is split into _______ and _______________. The splitting of ATP releases energy to the carrier protein. 3. Energy from ATP changes the _______ of the carrier protein to release the sodium ions outside the cells. 4. The carrier protein turn to its________________ shape.

[9 marks]

Name : _____________________________ Chapter 3 Movement of Subtances Across the Plasma Membrane _________________________________________________________________________________________

WORKSHEET 3.9 Compare and contrast between passive transport and active transport

Score __ /__ ____

Fill in the blanks with the correct answers.

Passive Transport

Similarities

Active Transport

Both involved through plasma membrane

Differences

The movement of substances _________ the concentration gradient

Direction of substances movement

The movement of substances ___________ the concentration gradient

Cellular energy is _________________

Energy needed

Cellular energy is __________________

Take place in living ___________ or non-living physical condition

Location take place

Only takes place in living ________________

[6 marks]

Name : _____________________________ Chapter 3 Movement of Subtances Across the Plasma Membrane _________________________________________________________________________________________

WORKSHEET 3.10 Effects of different types of solutions on plant and animal cells

Score __ /__ ____

Three types of solutions

Isotonic

Concentration of solution A is _____ than solution B, so solution A is _____________ to B.

Concentration of solution A is _______ to B, so solution A is _______________ to B.

Concentration of solution A is __________ than solution B, so solution A is ______________to B.

Name : _____________________________ Chapter 3 Movement of Subtances Across the Plasma Membrane _________________________________________________________________________________________

WORKSHEET 3.11 Effects of Hypotonic, Hypertonic and Isotonic Solutions on Animal Cells

Score __ /__

SLIDE

OBSERVATION ( DIAGRAM ) -

EXPLANATION

A ( Red blood cells )

The red blood cells has _____________ disc shape.

- Concentration of solution outside the cells is _______ than the concentration of solution inside the cells. ( Distilled water is ______________ to the cytoplasm of the red blood cells ) B ( Distilled water ) Water diffuses ___________ the cells by ___________________ - The cells swell. - The plasma membrane is too thin to withstand the osmotic pressure causing it to rupture and __________________ - This condition is called _______________. Concentration of solution outside the cell is the __________ as inside the cell. ( 0.15 M sodium C ( 0.15 M sodium chloride solution ) chloride solution is __________ to the cytoplasm of the red blood cells ) Water moves ______ and ______ of the cells at the ______________ rate. The red blood cells retain their _________disc shape. - Concentration of solution outside the cells is _______ than the concentration of solution inside the cells. ( 0.5 M sodium chloride solution is ____________ to the cytoplasm of the red blood D ( 0.50 M sodium chloride solution ) cells.) Water diffuses ___________of the cells by _____________ - The cells ________ water, shrivel and the plasma membrane crinkles up. This condition is known as _______________.

[ 19 marks ]

Name : _____________________________ Chapter 3 Movement of Subtances Across the Plasma Membrane _________________________________________________________________________________________

WORKSHEET 3.12 Effects of Hypotonic, Hypertonic and Isotonic Solutions on Plant Cells SLIDE A ( Plant cells ) PLANT CELLS ( DIAGRAM )

Score __ /__

EXPLANATION The plant cell has a _______________ shape.

-The solution outside the cell is ____________ _____________ than the solution inside the cell. (Distill water is ______________ to the cell sap of the plant cell ) B ( Distilled water ) -Water diffuses ________ the cells by osmosis. -Vacuole expand and cell ______________. -Cell is _________________ and firm. -Plant cell do not burst because of the rigid ___________________. -The concentration of solution outside the cell is the_______as the solution inside the cell. ( 0.5M C ( 0.5M sucrose solution) sucrose solution is _________ to the cell sap of plant cell ) - Water molecules diffuses ______ and _____ of the cells at the same rate. - Shape of cells remains intack.

-The solution outside the cell is _________ than the solution inside the cell. (1.0M sucrose D ( 1.0M sucrose solution ) solution is ________to the cell sap of plant cell ) -Water diffuses _______ of the large central vacuole by ________________ -The plasma membrane pulls away from the _____________ -Cell becomes ______________ -This phenomenon is called ___________ and causes wilting of plants.

[19 marks]

Name : _____________________________ Chapter 3 Movement of Subtances Across the Plasma Membrane _________________________________________________________________________________________

WORKSHEET 3.13 The Effects and Applications of Osmosis in Everyday Life Wilting of plants caused by the excessive use of chemical fertilizers

Score __ /__

1. Wilting in plants is usually caused by the excessive use of _______________. 2. Fertilizers such as ______________ which are added to the soil dissolve in the water. 3. This makes the soil water more concentrated and ____________ to the cell sap of the plant roots. 4. Water diffuses from the cell sap into the soil by osmosis, causing the cells to be __________________. 5. A wilting plant eventually dies if it is not watered immediately.

Preservation of food using salt and sugar 1. Food such as mushrooms, fruits, vegetables and fish can be preserved longer using salt and _______________. 2. These preservatives will make the solution outside the food more _____________ compare to the contents of the food. 3. The hypertonic solution causes _______________ to leave the food by osmosis. 4. The cells in the food substances become ______________________. 5. Microorganism such as ______ and ________ also lose water by osmosis to the surrounding solution and will eventually die. Therefore, food will have a __________ shelf life.

[11 Marks]