Battery Hardware in the Loop

Neeraj Shidore Argonne National Laboratory Sponsored by Lee Slezak

DOE Merit Review 28 February, 2008

This presentation does not contain any proprietary or confidential information

Battery Hardware in the Loop ( BHIL) : A real battery (energy storage) in a virtual vehicle

Environmental Chamber

Hardware description
Virtual Vehicle (dSPACE), DAQ (NI Compact Rio). ABC-150 HVDC power supply JCS VL41M ( 72 cells, 260 V nominal, 41 Ah, liquid cooled)

Significance of Battery HIL: component evaluation and systems integration

Battery evaluation Battery testing: In a vehicle (vehicle (performed at module Benchmarking) Level) AND/OR Frozen controls, vehicle Performance tests platform (e.g. HPPC) Vehicle System response Calendar life tests to various Vehicle conditions

Battery evaluation in a flexible vehicle systems context

Accomplishments in FY07 funding $ 400K

96 B attery ro u n d trip efficien cy (% ) 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 0 2 4 Charger Pow er (kW) 6 8 2, 7 1.4, 5 6, 89.11 10 5 0 6, 21.5 20 15 B attery ch arg in g cu rren t R M S (A ) 1.4, 95.5 2, 95.15 25

96 Battery roundtrip efficiency (%) 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 0

6, 21.5

20 15 10

2, 7 1.4, 5

6, 89.11

5 0

4 Charger Pow er (kW)

Same current is sent 2. Validation of ANL developed VL41M model With BHIL

1. Impact of different charger ratings on battery roundtrip efficiency.

3. Sensitivity of Charge sustaining FE to operation at different SOCs

3. All electric range for a midsize, crossover and5 o SUV with the VL41M at 20 C

Battery charging current RMS (A)

1.4, 95.5 2, 95.15

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Accomplishments in FY08 total funding $ 500Ktotal funding spent - $ 150 K

Battery HIL (phase 2): Expanded set-up with a state of the art DC power supply and environmental chamber. Impact of cold temperature on the EV range using a VL41M. WFO with SK Energy impact of modifications of BMS on vehicle fuel economy and battery.
Temperature in degrees C

30 25

9 degrees rise in temperture

Initial EV Rise in range temperature battery temperature (miles) ( degrees C) 20 0 -7 17.3 15.7 15 9 14 16

20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 0

No cooling: 14 degrees rise in temperture No cooling: 16 degrees rise in temperture

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Time in seconds

Future Work for FY08 and Beyond

Impact of different blended mode strategies (rates of SOC depletion) on battery temperature rise (battery life) vis--vis improvement in petroleum displacement. Evaluation of vehicle controls and battery energy management for extreme cold and hot battery conditions to more fully investigate observations made with ANL on-road data on HEVs and PHEVs over wide extremes of ambient temperatures. Battery Evaluation in a systems context: Evaluation of other PHEV batteries in a vehicle system. Create a standard evaluation matrix for comparison of batteries as a system, which includes State of charge window Temperature rise Regen versus state of charge, temperature Charging efficiency, time.
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What is the Value of Battery HIL and Support to Other Vehicle Technology Activities
OEMs, USABC System level evaluation of batteries. Comparison of battery technology. Backbone for other Energy Storage experiments; e.g. Ultra capacitor-Battery HIL

Battery Manufacturers Evaluation of battery management controller. Battery thermal design and management .

Battery HIL

MATT 1.Validation of battery models. 2. Complements PHEV emissions work.

PSAT Validation of battery models. Furthering energy management strategies to include battery life impacts and cold/hot temperature effects.

PHEV test procedure development (SAE J1711) Study and understanding of non-linear battery behavior important.

To Summarize:

Advanced energy sources are the enablers of PHEV technology, and yet remain the main technical challenge. Battery issues such as sizing/chemistry effects on life, cost and extreme temperature performance are directly linked to battery usage in a vehicle (i.e., battery systems integration is as important as cell development). Battery HIL is an ideal tool for Understanding the vehicle system integration issues that exist. Evaluating the impact of cell level development on a system level.
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Publications
Rousseau, A., Shidore, N., Carlson, R., Freyermuth, V., Research on PHEV Battery Requirements and Evaluation of Early Prototypes, AABC 2007, Long Beach (May 2007). Neeraj Shidore, Lohse-Busch, H., Smith R., Bohn T., Sharer P., Component and subsystem evaluation in a systems context using Hardware in the Loop VPPC 2007, Arlington, TX ( August 2007). Shidore, N., Lohse-Busch, H., Duoba, M., Bohn T., Sharer P., PHEV All Electric Range and fuel economy in charge sustaining mode for low SOC operation of the JCS-VL41M using Battery HIL , EVS-23, Anaheim, CA ( December 2007). Neeraj Shidore and Ted Bohn, Evaluation of the cold temperature performance of the JCS VL41M battery using BHIL, to be presented at SAE World Congress 2008.

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