DATAWARE HOUSE CONCEPTS

1) What is Data warehousing? Answer - A data warehouse can be considered as a storage area where interest specific or relevant data........ 2) What are fact tables and dimension tables?

Answer - As mentioned, data in a warehouse comes from the transactions. Fact table in a data warehouse consists........ 3) What is ETL process in data warehousing?

Answer - ETL is Extract Transform Load. It is a process of fetching......... 4) Explain the difference between data mining and data warehousing.

Answer - Data warehousing is merely extracting data from different sources, cleaning the........ 5) What is an OLTP system and OLAP system?

Answer - OLTP: Online Transaction and Processing helps and manages applications based........ 6) What are cubes?

Answer - A data cube stores data in a summarized version which helps in a faster analysis of data.......... 7) What is snow flake scheme design in database?

Answer - A snowflake Schema in its simplest form is an arrangement of fact tables......... 8) What is analysis service?

Answer - Analysis service provides a combined view of the data used in OLAP......... 9) Explain sequence clustering algorithm.

Answer - Sequence clustering algorithm collects similar or related paths, sequences of data......... 10) Explain discrete and continuous data in data mining.

Answer - Discreet data can be considered as defined or finite data.......... 11) Explain time series algorithm in data mining.

Answer - Time series algorithm can be used to predict continuous values of data....... 12) What is XMLA?

Answer - XMLA is XML for Analysis which can be considered as a standard for accessing data in OLAP....... 13) Explain the difference between Data warehousing and Business Intelligence.

Answer - Data Warehousing helps you store the data while business intelligence..... 14) What is Dimensional Modeling?

Answer - Dimensional modeling is often used in Data warehousing.......

15)

What is surrogate key? Explain it with an example.

Answer - Data warehouses commonly use a surrogate key....... 16) What is the purpose of Factless Fact Table?

Answer - Fact less tables are so called because they simply contain........ 17) What is a level of Granularity of a fact table?

Answer - A fact table is usually designed at a low level of Granularity........... 18) Explain the difference between star and snowflake schemas.

Answer - A snow flake schema design is usually more complex than a start schema..... 19) What is the difference between view and materialized view?

Answer - A view is created by combining data from different tables........ 20) What is a Cube and Linked Cube with reference to data warehouse?

Answer - A data cube stores data in a summarized version which helps in a faster analysis............ 21) What is junk dimension?

Answer - In scenarios where certain data may not be appropriate to store in.... 22) What are fundamental stages of Data Warehousing?

Answer - Stages of a data warehouse helps to find and understand....... 23) What is Virtual Data Warehousing?

The aggregate view of complete data inventory is provided by Virtual Warehousing........ 24) What is active data warehousing?

The transactional data captured and reposited in the Active Data Warehouse...... 25) List down differences between dependent data warehouse and independent data warehouse.

Dependent data ware house are build........ 26) What is data modeling and data mining? What is this used for?

Designing a model for data or database is called data modelling........ 27) Difference between ER Modeling and Dimensional Modeling.

Dimensional modelling is very flexible for the user perspective........ 28) What is snapshot with reference to data warehouse?

A snapshot of data warehouse is a persisted report from the catalogue......... 29) What is degenerate dimension table?

The dimensions that are persisted in the fact table is called dimension table.........

30)

What is Data Mart?

Data Mart is a data repository which is served to a community of people....... 31) What is the difference between metadata and data dictionary?

Metadata describes about data. It is data about data. It has information about how and when...... 32) Describe the various methods of loading Dimension tables.

The following are the methods of loading dimension tables....... 33) What is the difference between OLAP and data warehouse?

The following are the differences between OLAP and data warehousing...... 34) Describe the foreign key columns in fact table and dimension table.

The primary keys of entity tables are the foreign keys of dimension tables....... 35) What is cube grouping?

A transformer built set of similar cubes is known as cube grouping. A single level in one dimension...... 36) Define the term slowly changing dimensions (SCD).

Slowly changing dimension target operator is one of the SQL warehousing operators...... 37) What is a Star Schema?

The simplest data warehousing schema is star schema....... 38) Differences between star and snowflake schema.

Star Schema: A de-normalized technique in which one fact table is associated with several dimension tables....... 39) Explain the use of lookup tables and Aggregate tables.

At the time of updating the data warehouse, a lookup table is used....... 40) What is real time data-warehousing?

The combination of real-time activity and data warehousing is called real time warehousing....... 41) What is conformed fact? What is conformed dimensions use for?

Allowing having same names in different tables is allowed by Conformed facts....... 42) Define non-additive facts.

The facts that can not be summed up for the dimensions present in the fact table are called non-additive facts....... 43) Define BUS Schema.

A BUS schema is to identify the common dimensions across business processes...... 44) List out difference between SAS tool and other tools.

The differences between SAS and other tools are......

45)

Why is SAS so popular?

Statistical Analysis System is an integration of various software products which allows the developers to perform....... 46) What is data cleaning? How can we do that?

Data cleaning is also known as data scrubbing. Data cleaning is a process which ensures the set of data is correct and accurate...... 47) Explain in brief about critical column.

A column (usually granular) is called as critical column which changes the values over a period of time....... 48) What is data cube technology used for?

Data cube is a multi-dimensional structure. Data cube is a data abstraction to view aggregated data from a number of perspectives 49) What is Data Scheme?

Data Scheme is a diagrammatic representation that illustrates data structures and data relationships to each other in the relational database within the data warehouse................

50)

What is Bit Mapped Index?

Bitmap indexes make use of bit arrays (bitmaps) to answer queries by performing bitwise logical operations.................. Read answer 51) What is Bi-directional Extract?

In hierarchical, networked or relational databases, the data can be extracted, cleansed and transferred in two directions. The ability of a system to do this is refered to as bidirectional extracts................ Read answer 52) What is Data Collection Frequency?

Data collection frequency is the rate at which data is collected. However, the data is not just collected and stored. it goes through various stages of processing like extracting from various sources, cleansing, transforming and then storing in useful patterns................ 53) What is Data Cardinality?

Cardinality is the term used in database relations to denote the occurrences of data on either side of the relation................ Read answer 54) What is Chained Data Replication?

In Chain Data Replication, the non-official data set distributed among many disks provides for load balancing among the servers within the data warehouse............... Read answer 55) What are Critical Success Factors?

Key areas of activity in which favorable results are necessary for a company to reach its goal. There are four basic types of CSFs which are:

DATASTAGE QUESTIONS
1. What is the flow of loading data into fact & dimensional tables? A) Fact table - Table with Collection of Foreign Keys corresponding to the Primary Keys in Dimensional table. Consists of fields with numeric values. Dimension table - Table with Unique Primary Key. Load - Data should be first loaded into dimensional table. Based on the primary key values in dimensional table, the data should be loaded into Fact table. 2. What is the default cache size? How do you change the cache size if needed? A. Default cache size is 256 MB. We can increase it by going into Datastage Administrator and selecting the Tunable Tab and specify the cache size over there. 3. What are types of Hashed File? A) Hashed File is classified broadly into 2 types. a) Static - Sub divided into 17 types based on Primary Key Pattern. b) Dynamic - sub divided into 2 types i) Generic ii) Specific. Dynamic files do not perform as well as a well, designed static file, but do perform better than a badly designed one. When creating a dynamic file you can specify the following Although all of these have default values) By Default Hashed file is "Dynamic - Type Random 30 D" 4. What does a Config File in parallel extender consist of? A) Config file consists of the following. a) Number of Processes or Nodes. b) Actual Disk Storage Location. 5. What is Modulus and Splitting in Dynamic Hashed File? A. In a Hashed File, the size of the file keeps changing randomly. If the size of the file increases it is called as "Modulus". If the size of the file decreases it is called as "Splitting". 6. What are Stage Variables, Derivations and Constants? A. Stage Variable - An intermediate processing variable that retains value during read and doesnt pass the value into target column. Derivation - Expression that specifies value to be passed on to the target column. Constant - Conditions that are either true or false that specifies flow of data with a link. 7. Types of views in Datastage Director? There are 3 types of views in Datastage Director a) Job View - Dates of Jobs Compiled. b) Log View - Status of Job last run c) Status View - Warning Messages, Event Messages, Program Generated Messages.

8. Types of Parallel Processing? A) Parallel Processing is broadly classified into 2 types. a) SMP - Symmetrical Multi Processing. b) MPP - Massive Parallel Processing. 9. Orchestrate Vs Datastage Parallel Extender? A) Orchestrate itself is an ETL tool with extensive parallel processing capabilities and running on UNIX platform. Datastage used Orchestrate with Datastage XE (Beta version of 6.0) to incorporate the parallel processing capabilities. Now Datastage has purchased Orchestrate and integrated it with Datastage XE and released a new version Datastage 6.0 i.e Parallel Extender. 10. Importance of Surrogate Key in Data warehousing? A) Surrogate Key is a Primary Key for a Dimension table. Most importance of using it is it is independent of underlying database. i.e. Surrogate Key is not affected by the changes going on with a database. 11. How to run a Shell Script within the scope of a Data stage job? A) By using "ExcecSH" command at Before/After job properties. 12. How to handle Date conversions in Datastage? Convert a mm/dd/yyyy format to yyyy-dd-mm? A) We use a) "Iconv" function - Internal Conversion. b) "Oconv" function - External Conversion. Function to convert mm/dd/yyyy format to yyyy-dd-mm is Oconv(Iconv(Filedname,"D/MDY[2,2,4]"),"D-MDY[2,2,4]") 13 How do you execute datastage job from command line prompt? A) Using "dsjob" command as follows. dsjob -run -jobstatus projectname jobname 14. Functionality of Link Partitioner and Link Collector? Link Partitioner: It actually splits data into various partitions or data flows using various partition methods. Link Collector: It collects the data coming from partitions, merges it into a single data flow and loads to target. 15. Types of Dimensional Modeling? A) Dimensional modeling is again sub divided into 2 types. a) Star Schema - Simple & Much Faster. Denormalized form. b) Snowflake Schema - Complex with more Granularity. More normalized form. 16. Differentiate Primary Key and Partition Key? Primary Key is a combination of unique and not null. It can be a collection of key values called as composite primary key. Partition Key is a just a part of Primary Key. There are several methods of partition like Hash, DB2, and Random etc. While using Hash partition we specify the Partition Key. 17. Differentiate Database data and Data warehouse data?

A) Data in a Database is a) Detailed or Transactional b) Both Readable and Writable. c) Current. 18. Containers Usage and Types? Container is a collection of stages used for the purpose of Reusability. There are 2 types of Containers. a) Local Container: Job Specific b) Shared Container: Used in any job within a project. 19. Compare and Contrast ODBC and Plug-In stages? ODBC: a) Poor Performance. b) Can be used for Variety of Databases. c) Can handle Stored Procedures. Plug-In: a) Good Performance. b) Database specific. (Only one database) c) Cannot handle Stored Procedures. 20. Dimension Modelling types along with their significance Data Modelling is Broadly classified into 2 types. a) E-R Diagrams (Entity - Relatioships). b) Dimensional Modelling. Q 21 What are Ascential Dastastage Products, Connectivity Ans: Ascential Products Ascential DataStage Ascential DataStage EE (3) Ascential DataStage EE MVS Ascential DataStage TX Ascential QualityStage Ascential MetaStage Ascential RTI (2) Ascential ProfileStage Ascential AuditStage Ascential Commerce Manager Industry Solutions

Connectivity

Files RDBMS Real-time PACKs EDI Other Explain Data Stage Architecture? Data Stage contains two components, Client Component. Server Component. Client Component: Data Stage Administrator. Data Stage Manager Data Stage Designer Data Stage Director Server Components: Data Stage Engine Meta Data Repository Package Installer Data Stage Administrator: Used to create the project. Contains set of properties We can set the buffer size (by default 128 MB) We can increase the buffer size. We can set the Environment Variables. In tunable we have in process and inter-process In-processData read in sequentially Inter-process It reads the data as it comes. It just interfaces to metadata. Data Stage Manager: We can view and edit the Meta data Repository. We can import table definitions. We can export the Data stage components in .xml or .dsx format. We can create routines and transforms We can compile the multiple jobs.

Data Stage Designer: We can create the jobs. We can compile the job. We can run the job. We can declare stage variable in transform, we can call routines, transform, macros, functions. We can write constraints. Data Stage Director: We can run the jobs. We can schedule the jobs. (Schedule can be done daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly) We can monitor the jobs. We can release the jobs. What is Meta Data Repository? Meta Data is a data about the data. It also contains Query statistics ETL statistics Business subject area Source Information Target Information Source to Target mapping Information. What is Data Stage Engine? It is a JAVA engine running at the background. What is Dimensional Modeling? Dimensional Modeling is a logical design technique that seeks to present the data in a standard framework that is, intuitive and allows for high performance access. What is Star Schema? Star Schema is a de-normalized multi-dimensional model. It contains centralized fact tables surrounded by dimensions table. Dimension Table: It contains a primary key and description about the fact table. Fact Table: It contains foreign keys to the dimension tables, measures and aggregates. What is surrogate Key? It is a 4-byte integer which replaces the transaction / business / OLTP key in the dimension table. We can store up to 2 billion record. Why we need surrogate key? It is used for integrating the data may help better for primary key. Index maintenance, joins, table size, key updates, disconnected inserts and partitioning. What is Snowflake schema? It is partially normalized dimensional model in which at two represents least one dimension or more hierarchy related tables.

Explain Types of Fact Tables? Factless Fact: It contains only foreign keys to the dimension tables. Additive Fact: Measures can be added across any dimensions. Semi-Additive: Measures can be added across some dimensions. Eg, % age, discount Non-Additive: Measures cannot be added across any dimensions. Eg, Average Conformed Fact: The equation or the measures of the two fact tables are the same under the facts are measured across the dimensions with a same set of measures. Explain the Types of Dimension Tables? Conformed Dimension: If a dimension table is connected to more than one fact table, the granularity that is defined in the dimension table is common across between the fact tables. Junk Dimension: The Dimension table, which contains only flags. Monster Dimension: If rapidly changes in Dimension are known as Monster Dimension. De-generative Dimension: It is line item-oriented fact table design. Q 22 What are stage variables? Stage variables are declaratives in Transformer Stage used to store values. Stage variables are active at the run time. (Because memory is allocated at the run time). Q 23 What is sequencer? It sets the sequence of execution of server jobs. Q 24 What are Active and Passive stages? Active Stage: Active stage model the flow of data and provide mechanisms for combining data streams, aggregating data and converting data from one data type to another. Eg, Transformer, aggregator, sort, Row Merger etc. Passive Stage: A Passive stage handles access to Database for the extraction or writing of data. Eg, IPC stage, File types, Universe, Unidata, DRS stage etc. Q 25 What is ODS? Operational Data Store is a staging area where data can be rolled back. Q 26 What are Macros? They are built from Data Stage functions and do not require arguments. A number of macros are provided in the JOBCONTROL.H file to facilitate getting information about the current job, and links and stages belonging to the current job. These can be used in expressions (for example for use in Transformer stages), job control routines, filenames and table names, and before/after subroutines.

These macros provide the functionality of using the DSGetProjectInfo, DSGetJobInfo, DSGetStageInfo, and DSGetLinkInfo functions with the DSJ.ME token as the JobHandle and can be used in all active stages and before/after subroutines. The macros provide the functionality for all the possible InfoType arguments for the DSGetInfo functions. See the Function call help topics for more details. The available macros are: DSProjectName DSJobStatus DSJobName DSJobController DSJobStartDate DSJobStartTime DSJobStartTimestamp DSJobWaveNo DSJobInvocations DSJobInvocationId DSStageLastErr DSStageType DSStageInRowNum DSStageVarList DSLinkLastErr DSLinkName DSLinkRowCount DSStageName DSHostName

1) Examples 2) To obtain the name of the current job: 3) MyName = DSJobName

To obtain the full current stage name: MyName = DSJobName : . : DSStageName Q 27 What is keyMgtGetNextValue? It is a Built-in transform it generates Sequential numbers. Its input type is literal string & output type is string. Q 28 What are stages?

The stages are either passive or active stages. access to databases for extracting or writing data. to another. Q 29 What index is created on Data Warehouse? Bitmap index is created in Data Warehouse. Q 30 What is container?

Passive stages handle Active stages model the flow of data and

provide mechanisms for combining data streams, aggregating data, and converting data from one data type

A container is a group of stages and links. Containers enable you to simplify and modularize your server job designs by replacing complex areas of the diagram with a single container stage. You can also use shared containers as a way of incorporating server job functionality into parallel jobs. DataStage provides two types of container:

Local containers. These are created within a job and are only accessible by that job. A local container is edited in a tabbed page of the jobs Diagram window. Shared containers. These are created separately and are stored in the Repository in the same way that jobs are. There are two types of shared container

Q 31 What is function? ( Job Control Examples of Transform Functions ) Functions take arguments and return a value. BASIC functions: A function performs mathematical or string manipulations on the arguments supplied to it, and return a value. Some functions have 0 arguments; most have 1 or more. Arguments are always in parentheses, separated by commas, as shown in this general syntax: FunctionName (argument, argument) DataStage BASIC functions: These functions can be used in a job control routine, which is defined as part of a jobs properties and allows other jobs to be run and controlled from the first job. Some of the functions can also be used for getting status information on the current job; these are useful in active stage expressions and before- and after-stage subroutines. Q 32 What is Routines? Routines are stored in the Routines branch of the Data Stage Repository, where you can create, view or edit. The following programming components are classified as routines: Transform functions, Before/After subroutines, Custom UniVerse functions, ActiveX (OLE) functions, Web Service routines Q 33 What is data stage Transform? Q 34 What is Meta Brokers? Q 35 What is usage analysis?

Q 36 What is job sequencer? Q 37 What are different activities in job sequencer? Q 38 What are triggers in data Stages? (conditional, unconditional, otherwise) Q 39 Are u generated job Reports? S Q 40 What is plug-in? Q 41 Have u created any custom transform? Explain? (Oconv)

DATASTAGE FAQ from GEEK INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

Question: Dimension Modeling types along with their significance Answer: Data Modelling is broadly classified into 2 types. A) E-R Diagrams (Entity - Relatioships). B) Dimensional Modelling. Question: Dimensional modelling is again sub divided into 2 types. Answer: A) Star Schema - Simple & Much Faster. Denormalized form. B) Snowflake Schema - Complex with more Granularity. More normalized form. Question: Importance of Surrogate Key in Data warehousing? Answer: Surrogate Key is a Primary Key for a Dimension table. Most importance of using it is, it is independent of underlying database, i.e. Surrogate Key is not affected by the changes going on with a database. Question: Differentiate Database data and Data warehouse data? Answer: Data in a Database is A) Detailed or Transactional B) Both Readable and Writable. C) Current.

Question: What is the flow of loading data into fact & dimensional tables? Answer:

Fact table - Table with Collection of Foreign Keys corresponding to the Primary Keys in Dimensional table. Consists of fields with numeric values. Dimension table - Table with Unique Primary Key. Load - Data should be first loaded into dimensional table. Based on the primary key values in dimensional table, then data should be loaded into Fact table. Question: Orchestrate Vs Datastage Parallel Extender? Answer: Orchestrate itself is an ETL tool with extensive parallel processing capabilities and running on UNIX platform. Datastage used Orchestrate with Datastage XE (Beta version of 6.0) to incorporate the parallel processing capabilities. Now Datastage has purchased Orchestrate and integrated it with Datastage XE and released a new version Datastage 6.0 i.e. Parallel Extender. Question: Differentiate Primary Key and Partition Key? Answer: Primary Key is a combination of unique and not null. It can be a collection of key values called as composite primary key. Partition Key is a just a part of Primary Key. There are several methods of partition like Hash, DB2, Random etc...While using Hash partition we specify the Partition Key. Question: What are Stage Variables, Derivations and Constants? Answer: Stage Variable - An intermediate processing variable that retains value during read and doesnt pass the value into target column. Constraint - Conditions that are either true or false that specifies flow of data with a link. Derivation - Expression that specifies value to be passed on to the target column. Question: What is the default cache size? How do you change the cache size if needed? Answer: Default cache size is 256 MB. We can increase it by going into Datastage Administrator and selecting the Tunable Tab and specify the cache size over there. Question: What is Hash file stage and what is it used for? Answer: Used for Look-ups. It is like a reference table. It is also used in-place of ODBC, OCI tables for better performance.

Question: What are types of Hashed File? Answer:

Hashed File is classified broadly into 2 types. A) Static - Sub divided into 17 types based on Primary Key Pattern. B) Dynamic - sub divided into 2 types i) Generic ii) Specific Default Hased file is "Dynamic - Type Random 30 D" Question: What are Static Hash files and Dynamic Hash files? Answer: As the names itself suggest what they mean. In general we use Type-30 dynamic Hash files. The Data file has a default size of 2GB and the overflow file is used if the data exceeds the 2GB size. Question: What is the Usage of Containers? What are its types? Answer: Container is a collection of stages used for the purpose of Reusability. There are 2 types of Containers. A) Local Container: Job Specific B) Shared Container: Used in any job within a project. Question: Compare and Contrast ODBC and Plug-In stages? Answer: ODBC Poor Performance Can be used for Variety of Databases Can handle Stored Procedures PLUG-IN Good Performance Database Specific (only one database) Cannot handle Stored Procedures

Question: How do you execute datastage job from command line prompt? Answer: Using "dsjob" command as follows. dsjob -run -jobstatus projectname jobname Question: What are the command line functions that import and export the DS jobs? Answer: dsimport.exe - imports the DataStage components. dsexport.exe - exports the DataStage components. Question: How to run a Shell Script within the scope of a Data stage job? Answer: By using "ExcecSH" command at Before/After job properties.

Question: What are OConv () and Iconv () functions and where are they used? Answer: IConv() - Converts a string to an internal storage format OConv() - Converts an expression to an output format. Question: How to handle Date convertions in Datastage? Convert mm/dd/yyyy format to yyyy-ddmm? Answer: We use a) "Iconv" function - Internal Convertion. b) "Oconv" function - External Convertion. Function to convert mm/dd/yyyy format to yyyy-dd-mm is Oconv(Iconv(Filedname,"D/MDY[2,2,4]"),"D-MDY[2,2,4]") Question: Types of Parallel Processing? Answer: Parallel Processing is broadly classified into 2 types. a) SMP - Symmetrical Multi Processing. b) MPP - Massive Parallel Processing. Question: What does a Config File in parallel extender consist of? Answer: Config file consists of the following. a) Number of Processes or Nodes. b) Actual Disk Storage Location. Question: Functionality of Link Partitioner and Link Collector? Answer: Link Partitioner: It actually splits data into various partitions or data flows using various Partition methods. Link Collector: It collects the data coming from partitions, merges it into a single data flow and loads to target.

Question: What is Modulus and Splitting in Dynamic Hashed File? Answer:

In a Hashed File, the size of the file keeps changing randomly. If the size of the file increases it is called as "Modulus". If the size of the file decreases it is called as "Splitting". Question: Types of views in Datastage Director? Answer: There are 3 types of views in Datastage Director a) Job View - Dates of Jobs Compiled. b) Log View - Status of Job last Run c) Status View - Warning Messages, Event Messages, Program Generated Messages. Question: Did you Parameterize the job or hard-coded the values in the jobs? Answer: Always parameterized the job. Either the values are coming from Job Properties or from a Parameter Manager a third part tool. There is no way you will hardcode some parameters in your jobs. The often Parameterized variables in a job are: DB DSN name, username, password, dates W.R.T for the data to be looked against at. Question: Have you ever involved in updating the DS versions like DS 5.X, if so tell us some the steps you have taken in doing so? Answer: Yes. The following are some of the steps: Definitely take a back up of the whole project(s) by exporting the project as a .dsx file See that you are using the same parent folder for the new version also for your old jobs using the hardcoded file path to work. After installing the new version import the old project(s) and you have to compile them all again. You can use 'Compile All' tool for this. Make sure that all your DB DSN's are created with the same name as old ones. This step is for moving DS from one machine to another. In case if you are just upgrading your DB from Oracle 8i to Oracle 9i there is tool on DS CD that can do this for you. Do not stop the 6.0 server before the upgrade, version 7.0 install process collects project information during the upgrade. There is NO rework (recompilation of existing jobs/routines) needed after the upgrade. Question: How did you handle reject data?

Answer: Typically a Reject-link is defined and the rejected data is loaded back into data warehouse. So Reject link has to be defined every Output link you wish to collect rejected data. Rejected data is typically bad data like duplicates of Primary keys or null-rows where data is expected. Question: What are other Performance tunings you have done in your last project to increase the performance of slowly running jobs? Answer: Staged the data coming from ODBC/OCI/DB2UDB stages or any database on the server using Hash/Sequential files for optimum performance also for data recovery in case job aborts. Tuned the OCI stage for 'Array Size' and 'Rows per Transaction' numerical values for faster inserts, updates and selects. Tuned the 'Project Tunables' in Administrator for better performance. Used sorted data for Aggregator. Sorted the data as much as possible in DB and reduced the use of DS-Sort for better performance of jobs. Removed the data not used from the source as early as possible in the job. Worked with DB-admin to create appropriate Indexes on tables for better performance of DS queries. Converted some of the complex joins/business in DS to Stored Procedures on DS for faster execution of the jobs. If an input file has an excessive number of rows and can be split-up then use standard logic to run jobs in parallel. Before writing a routine or a transform, make sure that there is not the functionality required in one of the standard routines supplied in the sdk or ds utilities categories. Constraints are generally CPU intensive and take a significant amount of time to process. This may be the case if the constraint calls routines or external macros but if it is inline code then the overhead will be minimal. Try to have the constraints in the 'Selection' criteria of the jobs itself. This will eliminate the unnecessary records even getting in before joins are made. Tuning should occur on a job-by-job basis. Use the power of DBMS. Try not to use a sort stage when you can use an ORDER BY clause in the database. Using a constraint to filter a record set is much slower than performing a SELECT WHERE. Make every attempt to use the bulk loader for your particular database. Bulk loaders are generally faster than using ODBC or OLE.

Question: Tell me one situation from your last project, where you had faced problem and How did u solve it? Answer: 1. The jobs in which data is read directly from OCI stages are running extremely slow. I had to stage the data before sending to the transformer to make the jobs run faster. 2. The job aborts in the middle of loading some 500,000 rows. Have an option either cleaning/deleting the loaded data and then run the fixed job or run the job again from the row the job has aborted. To make sure the load is proper we opted the former. Question: Tell me the environment in your last projects Answer: Give the OS of the Server and the OS of the Client of your recent most project Question: How did u connect with DB2 in your last project? Answer: Most of the times the data was sent to us in the form of flat files. The data is dumped and sent to us. In some cases were we need to connect to DB2 for look-ups as an instance then we used ODBC drivers to connect to DB2 (or) DB2-UDB depending the situation and availability. Certainly DB2-UDB is better in terms of performance as you know the native drivers are always better than ODBC drivers. 'iSeries Access ODBC Driver 9.00.02.02' - ODBC drivers to connect to AS400/DB2. Question: What are Routines and where/how are they written and have you written any routines before? Answer: Routines are stored in the Routines branch of the DataStage Repository, where you can create, view or edit. The following are different types of Routines: 1. Transform Functions 2. Before-After Job subroutines 3. Job Control Routines Question: How did you handle an 'Aborted' sequencer? Answer: In almost all cases we have to delete the data inserted by this from DB manually and fix the job and then run the job again. Question: What are Sequencers? Answer: Sequencers are job control programs that execute other jobs with preset Job parameters.

Question: Read the String functions in DS Answer: Functions like [] -> sub-string function and ':' -> concatenation operator Syntax: string [ [ start, ] length ] string [ delimiter, instance, repeats ] Question: What will you in a situation where somebody wants to send you a file and use that file as an input or reference and then run job. Answer: Under Windows: Use the 'WaitForFileActivity' under the Sequencers and then run the job. May be you can schedule the sequencer around the time the file is expected to arrive. Under UNIX: Poll for the file. Once the file has start the job or sequencer depending on the file.

Question: What is the utility you use to schedule the jobs on a UNIX server other than using Ascential Director? Answer: Use crontab utility along with dsexecute() function along with proper parameters passed. Question: Did you work in UNIX environment? Answer: Yes. One of the most important requirements. Question: How would call an external Java function which are not supported by DataStage? Answer: Starting from DS 6.0 we have the ability to call external Java functions using a Java package from Ascential. In this case we can even use the command line to invoke the Java function and write the return values from the Java program (if any) and use that files as a source in DataStage job. Question: How will you determine the sequence of jobs to load into data warehouse? Answer: First we execute the jobs that load the data into Dimension tables, then Fact tables, then load the Aggregator tables (if any). Question: The above might raise another question: Why do we have to load the dimensional tables first, then fact tables: Answer:

As we load the dimensional tables the keys (primary) are generated and these keys (primary) are Foreign keys in Fact tables. Question: Does the selection of 'Clear the table and Insert rows' in the ODBC stage send a Truncate statement to the DB or does it do some kind of Delete logic. Answer: There is no TRUNCATE on ODBC stages. It is Clear table blah blah and that is a delete from statement. On an OCI stage such as Oracle, you do have both Clear and Truncate options. They are radically different in permissions (Truncate requires you to have alter table permissions where Delete doesn't). Question: How do you rename all of the jobs to support your new File-naming conventions? Answer: Create an Excel spreadsheet with new and old names. Export the whole project as a dsx. Write a Perl program, which can do a simple rename of the strings looking up the Excel file. Then import the new dsx file probably into a new project for testing. Recompile all jobs. Be cautious that the name of the jobs has also been changed in your job control jobs or Sequencer jobs. So you have to make the necessary changes to these Sequencers. Question: When should we use ODS? Answer: DWH's are typically read only, batch updated on a schedule ODS's are maintained in more real time, trickle fed constantly

Question: What other ETL's you have worked with? Answer: Informatica and also DataJunction if it is present in your Resume. Question: How good are you with your PL/SQL? Answer: On the scale of 1-10 say 8.5-9 Question: What versions of DS you worked with? Answer: DS 7.5, DS 7.0.2, DS 6.0, DS 5.2 Question: What's the difference between Datastage Developers...? Answer:

Datastage developer is one how will code the jobs. Datastage designer is how will design the job, I mean he will deal with blue prints and he will design the jobs the stages that are required in developing the code Question: What are the requirements for your ETL tool? Answer: Do you have large sequential files (1 million rows, for example) that need to be compared every day versus yesterday? If so, then ask how each vendor would do that. Think about what process they are going to do. Are they requiring you to load yesterdays file into a table and do lookups? If so, RUN!! Are they doing a match/merge routine that knows how to process this in sequential files? Then maybe they are the right one. It all depends on what you need the ETL to do. If you are small enough in your data sets, then either would probably be OK. Question: What are the main differences between Ascential DataStage and Informatica PowerCenter? Answer: Chuck Kelleys Answer: You are right; they have pretty much similar functionality. However, what are the requirements for your ETL tool? Do you have large sequential files (1 million rows, for example) that need to be compared every day versus yesterday? If so, then ask how each vendor would do that. Think about what process they are going to do. Are they requiring you to load yesterdays file into a table and do lookups? If so, RUN!! Are they doing a match/merge routine that knows how to process this in sequential files? Then maybe they are the right one. It all depends on what you need the ETL to do. If you are small enough in your data sets, then either would probably be OK. Les Barbusinskis Answer: Without getting into specifics, here are some differences you may want to explore with each vendor:

Does the tool use a relational or a proprietary database to store its Meta data and scripts? If proprietary, why? What add-ons are available for extracting data from industry-standard ERP, Accounting, and CRM packages? Can the tools Meta data be integrated with third-party data modeling and/or business intelligence tools? If so, how and with which ones? How well does each tool handle complex transformations, and how much external scripting is required? What kinds of languages are supported for ETL script extensions?

Almost any ETL tool will look like any other on the surface. The trick is to find out which one will work best in your environment. The best way Ive found to make this determination is to ascertain how successful each vendors clients have been using their product. Especially clients who closely resemble your shop in terms of size, industry, in-house skill sets, platforms, source systems, data volumes and transformation complexity. Ask both vendors for a list of their customers with characteristics similar to your own that have used their ETL product for at least a year. Then interview each client (preferably several people at each site) with an eye toward identifying unexpected problems, benefits, or quirkiness with the tool that have been encountered by that customer. Ultimately, ask each customer if they had it all to do over again whether or not theyd choose the same tool and why? You might be surprised at some of the answers. Joyce Bischoffs Answer: You should do a careful research job when selecting products. You should first document your requirements, identify all possible products and evaluate each product against the detailed requirements. There are numerous ETL products on the market and it seems that you are looking at only two of them. If you are unfamiliar with the many products available, you may refer to www.tdan.com, the Data Administration Newsletter, for product lists. If you ask the vendors, they will certainly be able to tell you which of their products features are stronger than the other product. Ask both vendors and compare the answers, which may or may not be totally accurate. After you are very familiar with the products, call their references and be sure to talk with technical people who are actually using the product. You will not want the vendor to have a representative present when you speak with someone at the reference site. It is also not a good idea to depend upon a high-level manager at the reference site for a reliable opinion of the product. Managers may paint a very rosy picture of any selected product so that they do not look like they selected an inferior product. Question: How many places u can call Routines? Answer: Four Places u can call 1. Transform of routine a. Date Transformation b. Upstring Transformation 2. 3. 4. Transform of the Before & After Subroutines XML transformation Web base transformation

Question: What is the Batch Program and how can generate? Answer: Batch program is the program it's generate run time to maintain by the Datastage itself but u can easy to change own the basis of your requirement (Extraction, Transformation, Loading) .Batch program

are generate depends your job nature either simple job or sequencer job, you can see this program on job control option. Question: Suppose that 4 job control by the sequencer like (job 1, job 2, job 3, job 4 ) if job 1 have 10,000 row ,after run the job only 5000 data has been loaded in target table remaining are not loaded and your job going to be aborted then.. How can short out the problem? Answer: Suppose job sequencer synchronies or control 4 job but job 1 have problem, in this condition should go director and check it what type of problem showing either data type problem, warning massage, job fail or job aborted, If job fail means data type problem or missing column action .So u should go Run window ->Click-> Tracing->Performance or In your target table ->general -> action-> select this option here two option (i) (ii) On Fail -- Commit , Continue On Skip -- Commit, Continue.

First u check how much data already load after then select on skip option then continue and what remaining position data not loaded then select On Fail , Continue ...... Again Run the job defiantly u gets successful massage Question: What happens if RCP is disable? Answer: In such case OSH has to perform Import and export every time when the job runs and the processing time job is also increased... Question: How do you rename all of the jobs to support your new File-naming conventions? Answer: Create a Excel spreadsheet with new and old names. Export the whole project as a dsx. Write a Perl program, which can do a simple rename of the strings looking up the Excel file. Then import the new dsx file probably into a new project for testing. Recompile all jobs. Be cautious that the name of the jobs has also been changed in your job control jobs or Sequencer jobs. So you have to make the necessary changes to these Sequencers. Question: What will you in a situation where somebody wants to send you a file and use that file as an input or reference and then run job. Answer: A. Under Windows: Use the 'WaitForFileActivity' under the Sequencers and then run the job. May be you can schedule the sequencer around the time the file is expected to arrive. B. Under UNIX: Poll for the file. Once the file has start the job or sequencer depending on the file

Question: What are Sequencers? Answer: Sequencers are job control programs that execute other jobs with preset Job parameters. Question: How did you handle an 'Aborted' sequencer? Answer: In almost all cases we have to delete the data inserted by this from DB manually and fix the job and then run the job again. Question34: What is the difference between the Filter stage and the Switch stage? Ans: There are two main differences, and probably some minor ones as well. The two main differences are as follows. 1) The Filter stage can send one input row to more than one output link. The Switch stage can not - the C switch construct has an implicit break in every case. 2) The Switch stage is limited to 128 output links; the Filter stage can have a theoretically unlimited number of output links. (Note: this is not a challenge!) Question: How can i achieve constraint based loading using datastage7.5.My target tables have inter dependencies i.e. Primary key foreign key constraints. I want my primary key tables to be loaded first and then my foreign key tables and also primary key tables should be committed before the foreign key tables are executed. How can I go about it? Ans:1) Create a Job Sequencer to load you tables in Sequential mode

In the sequencer Call all Primary Key tables loading Jobs first and followed by Foreign key tables, when triggering the Foreign tables load Job trigger them only when Primary Key load Jobs run Successfully ( i.e. OK trigger) 2) To improve the performance of the Job, you can disable all the constraints on the tables and load them. Once loading done, check for the integrity of the data. Which does not meet raise exceptional data and cleanse them. This only a suggestion, normally when loading on constraints are up, will drastically performance will go down. 3) If you use Star schema modeling, when you create physical DB from the model, you can delete all constraints and the referential integrity would be maintained in the ETL process by referring all your dimension keys while loading fact tables. Once all dimensional keys are assigned to a fact then dimension and fact can be loaded together. At the same time RI is being maintained at ETL process level.

Question: How do you merge two files in DS? Ans: Either use Copy command as a Before-job subroutine if the metadata of the 2 files are same or create a job to concatenate the 2 files into one, if the metadata is different. Question: How do you eliminate duplicate rows? Ans: Data Stage provides us with a stage Remove Duplicates in Enterprise edition. Using that stage we can eliminate the duplicates based on a key column. Question: How do you pass filename as the parameter for a job? Ans: While job development we can create a parameter 'FILE_NAME' and the value can be passed while Question: How did you handle an 'Aborted' sequencer? Ans: In almost all cases we have to delete the data inserted by this from DB manually and fix the job and then run the job again. Question: Is there a mechanism available to export/import individual DataStage ETL jobs from the UNIX command line? Ans:
Try dscmdexport and dscmdimport. Won't handle the "individual job" requirement. You can only export full projects from the command line. You can find the export and import executables on the client machine usually someplace like: C:\Program Files\Ascential\DataStage.

Question: Diff. between JOIN stage and MERGE stage. Answer: JOIN: Performs join operations on two or more data sets input to the stage and then outputs the resulting dataset. MERGE: Combines a sorted master data set with one or more sorted updated data sets. The columns from the records in the master and update data set s are merged so that the out put record contains all the columns from the master record plus any additional columns from each update record that required. A master record and an update record are merged only if both of them have the same values for the merge key column(s) that we specify .Merge key columns are one or more columns that exist in both the master and update records.

Question: Advantages of the DataStage? Answer: Business advantages:

Helps for better business decisions; It is able to integrate data coming from all parts of the company; It helps to understand the new and already existing clients; We can collect data of different clients with him, and compare them; It makes the research of new business possibilities possible; We can analyze trends of the data read by him.

Technological advantages:

It handles all company data and adapts to the needs; It offers the possibility for the organization of a complex business intelligence; Flexibly and scalable; It accelerates the running of the project; Easily implementable.

DATASTAGE FAQ

1. What is the architecture of data stage? Basically architecture of DS is client/server architecture. Client components & server components Client components are 4 types they are 1. Data stage designer 2. Data stage administrator 3. Data stage director 4. Data stage manager Data stage designer is user for to design the jobs

Data stage manager is used for to import & export the project to view & edit the contents of the repository. Data stage administrator is used for creating the project, deleting the project & setting the environment variables. Data stage director is use for to run the jobs, validate the jobs, scheduling the jobs. Server components DS server: runs executable server jobs, under the control of the DS director, that extract, transform, and load data into a DWH. DS Package installer: A user interface used to install packaged DS jobs and plug-in; Repository or project: a central store that contains all the information required to build DWH or data mart. 2. What r the stages u worked on? 3. I have some jobs every month automatically delete the log details what r the steps u have to take for that We have to set the option autopurge in DS Adminstrator. 4. I want to run the multiple jobs in the single job. How can u handle . In job properties set the option ALLOW MULTIPLE INSTANCES. 5. What is version controlling in DS? In DS, version controlling is used for back up the project or jobs. This option is available in DS 7.1 version onwards. Version controls r of 2 types. 1. VSS- visual source safe 2. CVSS- concurrent visual source safe.

VSS is designed by Microsoft but the disadvantage is only one user can access at a time, other user can wait until the first user complete the operation. CVSS, by using this many users can access concurrently. When compared to VSS, CVSS cost is high. 6. What is the difference between clear log file and clear status file? Clear log--- we can clear the log details by using the DS Director. Under job menu clear log option is available. By using this option we can clear the log details of particular job. Clear status file---- lets the user remove the status of the record associated with all stages of selected jobs. (in DS Director) 7. I developed 1 job with 50 stages, at the run time one stage is missed how can u identify which stage is missing? By using usage analysis tool, which is available in DS manager, we can find out the what r the items r used in job. 8. My job takes 30 minutes time to run, I want to run the job less than 30 minutes? What r the steps we have to take? By using performance tuning aspects which are available in DS, we can reduce time. Tuning aspect In DS administrator In between passive stages OCI stage : in-process and inter process : inter process stage : Array size and transaction size

And also use link partitioner & link collector stage in between passive stages 9. How to do road transposition in DS? Pivot stage is used to transposition purpose. Pivot is an active stage that maps sets of columns in an input table to a single column in an output table.

10. If a job locked by some user, how can you unlock the particular job in DS? We can unlock the job by using clean up resources option which is available in DS Director. Other wise we can find PID (process id) and kill the process in UNIX server. 11. What is a container? How many types containers are available? Is it possible to use container as look up? A container is a group of stages and links. Containers enable you to simplify and modularize your server job designs by replacing complex areas of the diagram with a single container stage. DataStage provides two types of container: Local containers. These are created within a job and are only accessible by that job only. Shared containers. These are created separately and are stored in the Repository in the same way that jobs are. Shared containers can use any job in the project. Yes we can use container as look up. 12. How to deconstruct the shared container? To deconstruct the shared container, first u have to convert the shared container to local container. And then deconstruct the container. 13. I am getting input value like X = Iconv(31 DEC 1967,D)? What is the X value? X value is Zero. Iconv Function Converts a string to an internal storage format.It takes 31 dec 1967 as zero and counts days from that date(31-dec-1967). 14. What is the Unit testing, integration testing and system testing? Unit testing: As for Ds unit test will check the data type mismatching, Size of the particular data type, column mismatching. Integration testing: According to dependency we will put all jobs are integrated in to one sequence. That is called control sequence. System testing: System testing is nothing but the performance tuning aspects in Ds.

15. What are the command line functions that import and export the DS jobs? Dsimport.exe ---- To import the DataStage components Dsexport.exe ---- To export the DataStage components 16. How many hashing algorithms are available for static hash file and dynamic hash file? Sixteen hashing algorithms for static hash file. Two hashing algorithms for dynamic hash file( GENERAL or SEQ.NUM) 17. What happens when you have a job that links two passive stages together? Obviously there is some process going on. Under covers Ds inserts a cut-down transformer stage between the passive stages, which just passes data straight from one stage to the other. 18. What is the use use of Nested condition activity? Nested Condition. Allows you to further branch the execution of a sequence depending on a condition. 19. I have three jobs A,B,C . Which are dependent on each other? I want to run A & C jobs daily and B job runs only on Sunday. How can u do it? First you have to schedule A & C jobs Monday to Saturday in one sequence. Next take three jobs according to dependency in one more sequence and schedule that job only Sunday.

TOP 10 FEATURES IN DATASTAGE HAWK

The IILive2005 conference marked the first public presentations of the functionality in the WebSphere Information Integration Hawk release. Though it's still a few months away I am sharing my top Ten things I am looking forward to in DataStage Hawk: 1) The metadata server. To borrow a simile from that judge on American Idol "Using MetaStage is kind of like bathing in the ocean on a cold morning. You know it's good for you but that doesn't stop it from freezing the crown jewels." MetaStage is good for ETL projects but none of the projects I've been on has actually used it. Too much effort required to install the software, setup the metabrokers, migrate the

metadata, and learn how the product works and write reports. Hawk brings the common repository and improved metadata reporting and we can get the positive effectives of bathing in sea water without the shrinkage that comes with it. 2) QualityStage overhaul. Data Quality reporting can be another forgotten aspect of data integration projects. Like MetaStage the QualityStage server and client had an additional install, training and implementation overhead so many DataStage projects did not use it. I am looking forward to more integration projects using standardisation, matching and survivorship to improve quality once these features are more accessible and easier to use. 3) Frictionless Connectivity and Connection Objects. I've called DB2 every rude name under the sun. Not because it's a bad database but because setting up remote access takes me anywhere from five minutes to five weeks depending on how obscure the error message and how hard it is to find the obscure setup step that was missed during installation. Anything that makes connecting to database easier gets a big tick from me. 4) Parallel job range lookup. I am looking forward to this one because it will stop people asking for it on forums. It looks good, it's been merged into the existing lookup form and seems easy to use. Will be interested to see the performance. 5) Slowly Changing Dimension Stage. This is one of those things that Informatica were able to trumpet at product comparisons, that they have more out of the box DW support. There are a few enhancements to make updates to dimension tables easier, there is the improved surrogate key generator, there is the slowly changing dimension stage and updates passed to in memory lookups. That's it for me with DBMS generated keys, I'm only doing the keys in the ETL job from now on! DataStage server jobs have the hash file lookup where you can read and write to it at the same time, parallel jobs will have the updateable lookup. 6) Collaboration: better developer collaboration. Everyone hates opening a job and being told it is locked. "Bloody whathisname has gone to lunch, locked the job and now his password protected screen saver is up! Unplug his PC!" Under Hawk you can open a readonly copy of a locked job plus you get told who has locked the job so you know whom to curse. 7) Session Disconnection. Accompanied by the metallic cry of "exterminate! exterminate!" an administrator can disconnect sessions and unlock jobs. 8) Improved SQL Builder. I know a lot of people cross the street when they see the SQL Builder coming. Getting the SQL builder to build complex SQL is a bit like teaching a monkey how to play chess. What I do like about the current SQL builder is that it synchronises your SQL select list with your ETL column

list to avoid column mismatches. I am hoping the next version is more flexible and can build complex SQL. 9) Improved job startup times. Small parallel jobs will run faster. I call it the death of a thousand cuts, your very large parallel job takes too long to run because a thousand smaller jobs are starting and stopping at the same time and cutting into CPU and memory. Hawk makes these cuts less painful. 10) Common logging. Log views that work across jobs, log searches, log date constraints, wildcard message filters, saved queries. It's all good. You no longer need to send out a search party to find an error message. That's my top ten. I am also hoping the software comes in a box shaped like a hawk and makes a hawk scream when you open it. A bit like those annoying greeting cards. Is there any functionality you think Hawk is missing that you really want to see?

SQL FAQ

1.Display the dept information from department table select * from dept; 2.Display the details of all employees select * from emp; 3.Display the name and job for all employees select ename,job from emp; 4.Display name and salary for all employees select ename,sal from emp; 5.Display employee number and total salary for each employee select empno,sal+comm from emp; 6.Display employee name and annual salary for all employees select empno,ename,12*sal+nvl(comm,0) annualsal from emp; 7.Display the names of all employees who are working in department number 10 select ename from emp where deptno = 10; 8.Display the names of all employees working as clerks and drawing a salary more than 3000 select ename from emp wher job = 'CLERK' and sal > 3000; 9.Display employee number and names for employees who earn commission select empno,ename from emp where comm is not null and comm > 0; 10.Display names of employees who do not earn any commission select empno,ename from emp where comm is null and comm = 0; 11.Display the names of employees who are working as clerk , salesman or analyst and drawing a salary more than 3000 select ename from emp where (job='CLERK' or job='SALESMAN' or job='ANALYST') and sal>3000; 12.Display the names of employees who are working in the company for the past 5 years select ename from emp where sysdate - hiredate > 5*365; 13.Display the list of employees who have joined the company before 30 th june 90 or after 31 st dec 90 select * from emp where hiredate between '30-jun-1990' and '31-dec-1990'; 14.Display current date select sysdate from dual;

15.Display the list of users in your database (using log table) select * from dba_users; 16.Display the names of all tables from the current user select * from tab; 17.Display the name of the current user show user; 18.Display the names of employees working in department number 10 or 20 or 40 or employees working as clerks , salesman or analyst select ename from emp where deptno in (10,20,40) or job in ('CLERK','SALESMAN','ANALYST'); 19.Display the names of employees whose name starts with alphabet S select ename from emp where ename like 'S%'; 20.Display employee name from employees whose name ends with alphabet S select ename from emp where ename like '%S'; 21.Display the names of employees whose names have sencond alphabet A in their names select ename from emp where ename like '_S%'; 22.Display the names of employees whose name is exactly five characters in length select ename from emp where length(ename)=5; or select ename from emp where ename like '_____'; 23.Display the names of employees who are not working as managers select * from emp minus (select * from emp where empno in (select mgr from emp)); or select * from emp where empno not in (select mgr from emp where mgr is not null); or select * from emp e where empno not in (select mgr from emp where e.empno=mgr); 24.Display the names of employees who are not working as SALESMAN or CLERK or ANALYST select job from emp where job not in ('CLERK','ANALYST','SALESMAN'); 25.Display all rows from emp table. The system should wait after every screen full of information set pause on; 26.Display the total number of employees working in the company select count(*) from emp;

15.Display the list of users in your database (using log table) select * from dba_users; 16.Display the names of all tables from the current user select * from tab; 17.Display the name of the current user show user; 18.Display the names of employees working in department number 10 or 20 or 40 or employees working as clerks , salesman or analyst select ename from emp where deptno in (10,20,40) or job in ('CLERK','SALESMAN','ANALYST'); 19.Display the names of employees whose name starts with alphabet S select ename from emp where ename like 'S%'; 20.Display employee name from employees whose name ends with alphabet S select ename from emp where ename like '%S'; 21.Display the names of employees whose names have sencond alphabet A in their names select ename from emp where ename like '_S%'; 22.Display the names of employees whose name is exactly five characters in length select ename from emp where length(ename)=5; or select ename from emp where ename like '_____'; 23.Display the names of employees who are not working as managers select * from emp minus (select * from emp where empno in (select mgr from emp)); or select * from emp where empno not in (select mgr from emp where mgr is not null); or select * from emp e where empno not in (select mgr from emp where e.empno=mgr); 24.Display the names of employees who are not working as SALESMAN or CLERK or ANALYST select job from emp where job not in ('CLERK','ANALYST','SALESMAN'); 25.Display all rows from emp table. The system should wait after every screen full of information set pause on; 26.Display the total number of employees working in the company select count(*) from emp;

27.Display the total salary and total commission to all employees select sum(sal), sum(nvl(comm,0)) from emp; 28.Display the maximum salary from emp table select max(sal) from emp; 29.Display the minimum salary from emp table select min(sal) from emp; 30.Display the average salary from emp table select avg(sal) from emp; 31.Display the maximum salary being paid to CLERK select max(sal) from emp where job='CLERK'; 32.Display the maximum salary being paid in dept no 20 select max(sal) from emp where deptno=20; 33.Display the minimum salary being paid to any SALESMAN select min(sal) from emp where job='SALESMAN'; 34.Display the average salary drawn by managers select avg(sal) from emp where job='MANAGER'; 35.Display the total salary drawn by analyst working in dept no 40 select sum(sal)+sum(nvl(comm,0)) from emp where deptno=40; 36.Display the names of employees in order of salary i.e. the name of the employee earning lowest salary shoud appear first select ename from emp order by sal; 37.Display the names of employees in descending order of salary select ename from emp order by sal desc; 38.Display the details from emp table in order of emp name select ename from emp order by ename; 39.Display empnno,ename,deptno and sal. Sort the output first based on name and within name by deptno and witdhin deptno by sal; select * from emp order by ename,deptno,sal; 40) Display the name of employees along with their annual salary(sal*12). the name of the employee earning highest annual salary should appear first? Ans:select ename,sal,sal*12 "Annual Salary" from emp order by "Annual Salary" desc;

41) Display name,salary,Hra,pf,da,TotalSalary for each employee. The out put should be in the order of total salary ,hra 15% of salary ,DA 10% of salary .pf 5% salary Total Salary will be (salary+hra+da)-pf? Ans: select ename,sal SA,sal*0.15 HRA,sal*0.10 DA,sal*5/100 PF, sal+(sal*0.15)+(sal*0.10)-(sal*.05) TOTALSALARY from emp ORDER BY TOTALSALARY DESC; 42) Display Department numbers and total number of employees working in each Department? Ans: select deptno,count(*) from tvsemp group by deptno; 43) Display the various jobs and total number of employees working in each job group? Ans: select job,count(*) from tvsemp group by job; 44)Display department numbers and Total Salary for each Department? Ans: select deptno,sum(sal) from tvsemp group by deptno; 45)Display department numbers and Maximum Salary from each Department? Ans: select deptno,max(Sal) from tvsemp group by deptno; 46)Display various jobs and Total Salary for each job? Ans: select job,sum(sal) from tvsemp group by job; 47)Display each job along with min of salary being paid in each job group? Ans: select job ,min(sal) from tvsemp group by job; 48) Display the department Number with more than three employees in each department? Ans: select deptno ,count(*) from tvsemp group by deptno having count(*)>3; 49) Display various jobs along with total salary for each of the job where total salary is greater than 40000? Ans: select job,sum(sal) from tvsemp group by job having sum(SAl)>40000; 50) Display the various jobs along with total number of employees in each job.The output should contain only those jobs with more than three employees? Ans: select job,count(*) from tvsemp group by job having count(*)>3; 51) Display the name of employees who earn Highest Salary? Ans: select ename, sal from tvsemp where sal>=(select max(sal) from tvsemp ); 52) Display the employee Number and name for employee working as clerk and earning highest salary among the clerks? Ans: select ename,empno from tvsemp where sal=(select max(sal) from tvsemp where job='CLERK') and job='CLERK' ;

53) Display the names of salesman who earns a salary more than the Highest Salary of the clerk? Ans: select ename,sal from tvsemp where sal>(select max(sal) from tvsemp where job='CLERK') AND job='SALESMAN'; 54) Display the names of clerks who earn a salary more than the lowest Salary of any salesman? Ans: select ename,sal from tvsemp where sal>(select min(sal) from tvsemp where job='SALESMAN') and job='CLERK'; 55) Display the names of employees who earn a salary more than that of jones or that of salary greater than that of scott? Ans: select ename,sal from tvsemp where sal>all(select sal from tvsemp where ename='JONES' OR ename='SCOTT'); 56) Display the names of employees who earn Highest salary in their respective departments? Ans: select ename,sal,deptno from tvsemp where sal in (select max(sal) from tvsemp group by deptno); 57) Display the names of employees who earn Highest salaries in their respective job Groups? Ans: select ename,job from tvsemp where sal in (select max(sal) from tvsemp group by job); 58) Display employee names who are working in Accounting department? Ans: select e.ename,d.dname from emp e,dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and d.dname='ACCOUNTING'; 59) Display the employee names who are Working in Chicago? Ans: select e.ename,d.loc from emp e,tvsdept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and d.loc='CHICAGO'; 60) Display the job groups having Total Salary greater than the maximum salary for Managers? Ans: select job ,sum(sal) from tvsemp group by job having sum(sal) >(select max(sal) from tvsemp where job='MANAGER'); 61) Display the names of employees from department number 10 with salary greater than that of ANY employee working in other departments? Ans: select ename,deptno from tvsemp where sal>any(select min(sal) from tvsemp where deptno!=10 group by deptno) and deptno=10 ; 62) Display the names of employees from department number 10 with salary greater than that of ALL employee working in other departments?

Ans: select ename,deptno from tvsemp where sal>all(select max(sal) from tvsemp where deptno!=10 group by deptno) and deptno=10 ; 63) Display the names of mployees in Upper Case? Ans: select upper(ename) from tvsemp; 64) Display the names of employees in Lower Case? Ans: select Lower(ename) from tvsemp; 65) Display the names of employees in Proper case? Ans: select InitCap(ename)from tvsemp; Q:66) Find the length of your name using Appropriate Function? Ans: select lentgh('RAMA') from dual; 67) Display the length of all the employee names? Ans: select length(ename) from tvsemp; 68) Display the name of employee Concatinate with Employee Number? Ans: select ename||' '||empno from tvsemp; 69) Use appropriate function and extract 3 characters starting from 2 characters from the following string 'Oracle' i.e., the out put should be ac? Ans: select substr('Oracle',3,2) from dual; 70) Find the first occurance of character a from the following string Computer Maintenance Corporation? Ans: select lstr('Computer Maintenance Corporation','a' ) from dual; 71) Replace every occurance of alphabet A with B in the string .Alliens (Use Translate function)? Ans: select translate('Alliens','A','B') from Dual; 72) Display the information from the employee table . where ever job Manager is found it should be displayed as Boss? Ans: select ename ,replace(job,'MANAGER','BOSS') from tvsemp; 73) Display empno,ename,deptno from tvsemp table. Instead of display department numbers display the related department name(Use decode function)? Ans: select empno,ename,deptno,Decode(deptno,10,'ACCOUNTING' ,20,'RESEARCH',30,'SALES','OPERATIONS')DName from tvsemp; 74) Display your Age in Days? Ans: select sysdate-to_date('30-jul-1977') from dual;

75) Display your Age in Months? Ans: select months_between(sysdate,to_date('30-jul-1977')) from dual; 76) Display current date as 15th August Friday Nineteen Nienty Seven? Ans: select To_char(sysdate,'ddth Month Day year') from dual; 77) Display the following output for each row from tvsemp table? Ans: Q:78 78) Scott has joined the company on 13th August ninteen ninety? Ans: select empno,ename,to_char(Hiredate,'Day ddth Month year') from tvsemp; 79) Find the nearest Saturday after Current date? Ans: select next_day(sysdate,'Saturday') from dual; 80) Display the current time? Ans: select To_Char(sysdate,'HH:MI:SS') from dual; 81) Display the date three months before the Current date? Ans: select Add_months(sysdate,-3) from dual 82) Display the common jobs from department number 10 and 20? Ans: select job from tvsemp where job in (select job from tvsemp where deptno=20) and deptno=10; 83) Display the jobs found in department 10 and 20 Eliminate duplicate jobs? Ans: select Distinct job from tvsemp where deptno in(10,20); 84) Display the jobs which are unique to department 10? Ans: select job from tvsemp where deptno=10; 85) Display the details of those employees who do not have any person working under him? Ans: select empno,ename,job from tvsemp where empno not in (select mgr from tvsemp where mgr is not null ); 86) Display the details of those employees who are in sales department and grade is 3? Ans: select e.ename,d.dname,grade from emp e,dept d ,salgrade where e.deptno=d.deptno and dname='SALES' and grade=3; 87) Display thoes who are not managers? Ans: select ename from tvsemp where job!='MANAGER'; 88) Display those employees whose name contains not less than 4 characters? Ans: select ename from tvsemp where length(ename)>=4

89) Display those department whose name start with"S" while location name ends with "K"? Ans: select e.ename,d.loc from tvsemp e ,tvsdept d where d.loc like('%K') and ename like('S%') 90) Display those employees whose manager name is Jones? Ans: select e.ename Superior,e1.ename Subordinate from tvsemp e,e1 where e.empno=e1.mgr and e.ename='JONES'; 91) Display those employees whose salary is more than 3000 after giving 20% increment? Ans: select ename,sal,(sal+(sal*0.20)) from tvsemp where (sal+(sal*0.20))>3000; 92) Display all employees with their department names? Ans: select e.ename,d.dname from tvsemp e, tvsdept d where e.deptno=d.deptno 93) Display ename who are working in sales department? Ans: select e.ename,d.dname from emp e,dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and d.dname='SALES'; 94) Display employee name,dept name,salary,and commission for those sal in between 2000 to 5000 while location is Chicago? Ans: Select e.ename,d.dname,e.sal,e.comm from tvsemp e,dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and sal between 2000 and 5000; 95) Display those employees whose salary is greater than his managers salary? Ans: Select e.ename,e.sal,e1.ename,e1.sal from tvsemp e,e1 where e.mgr=e1.empno and e.sal>e1.sal; 96) Display those employees who are working in the same dept where his manager is work? Ans: select e.ename,e.deptno,e1.ename,e1.deptno from tvsemp e,e1 where e.mgr=e1.empno and e.deptno=e1.deptno; 97) Display those employees who are not working under any Manager? Ans: select ename from tvsemp where mgr is null; 98) Display the grade and employees name for the deptno 10 or 30 but grade is not 4 while joined the company before 31-DEC-82? Ans: select ename,grade,deptno,sal from tvsemp ,salgrade where ( grade,sal) in ( select grade,sal from salgrade,tvsemp where sal between losal and hisal) and grade!=4 and deptno in (10,30) and hiredate<'31-Dec-82';

99) Update the salary of each employee by 10% increment who are not eligible for commission? Ans: update tvsemp set sal= (sal+(sal*0.10)) where comm is null; 100) Delete those employees who joined the company before 31-Dec-82 while their department Location is New York or Chicago? Ans: select e.ename,e.hiredate,d.loc from tvsemp e,tvsdept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and hiredate<'31-Dec-82' and d.loc in('NEW YORK','CHICAGO'); 101) Display employee name ,job,deptname,loc for all who are working as manager? Ans: select e.ename,e.job,d.dname,d.loc from tvsemp e,tvsdept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and e.empno in (select mgr from tvsemp where mgr is not null); 102) Display those employees whose manager name is jones and also display their manager name? Ans: select e.ename sub,e1.ename from tvsemp e,e1 where e.mgr=e1.empno and e1.ename='JONES'; 103) Display name and salary of ford if his salary is equal to hisal of his grade? Ans: select ename,grade,hisal,sal from emp,salgrade where ename='FORD' and sal=hisal; OR select grade,sal,hisal from tvsemp,salgrade where ename='FORD' and sal between losal and hisal; OR select ename,sal,hisal,grade from tvsemp,salgrade where ename='FORD' and (grade,sal) in (select grade,hisal from salgrade,tvsemp where sal between losal and hisal); 104) Display employee name ,job,deptname,his manager name ,his grade and make an under department wise? Ans: select e.ename sub,e1.ename sup,e.job,d.dname ,grade from tvsemp e,e1,salgrade,tvsdept d where e.mgr=e1.empno and e.sal between losal and hisal and e.deptno=d.deptno group by d.deptno,e.ename,e1.ename,e.job,d.dname,grade; OR select e.ename sub,e1.ename sup,e.job,d.dname ,grade from tvsemp e,e1,salgrade,tvsdept d where e.mgr=e1.empno and e.sal between losal and hisal and e.deptno=d.deptno 105) List out all the employee names ,job,salary,grade and deptname for every one in a company except 'CLERK' . Sort on salary display the highest salary? Ans: select e.ename ,e.job,e.sal,d.dname ,grade from tvsemp e,salgrade,tvsdept d where (e.deptno=d.deptno and e.sal between losal and hisal ) order by e.sal desc

106) Display employee name,job abd his manager .Display also employees who are with out managers? Ans: select e.ename ,e1.ename,e.job,e.sal,d.dname from tvsemp e,e1,tvsdept d where e.mgr=e1.empno(+) and e.deptno=d.deptno 107) Display Top 5 employee of a Company? Ans: 108) Display the names of those employees who are getting the highest salary? Ans: select ename,sal from tvsemp where sal in (select max(sal) from tvsemp) 109) Display those employees whose salary is equal to average of maximum and minimum? Ans: select * from tvsemp where sal=(select (max(sal)+min(sal))/2 from tvsemp) 110) Select count of employees in each department where count >3? Ans: select count(*) from tvsemp group by deptno having count(*)>3 111) Display dname where atleast three are working and display only deptname? Ans: select d.dname from tvsdept d, tvsemp e where e.deptno=d.deptno group by d.dname having count(*)>3; 112) Display name of those managers name whose salary is more than average salary of Company? Ans: select distinct e1.ename,e1.sal from tvsemp e,e1,dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and e.mgr=e1.empno and e1.sal> (select avg(sal) from tvsemp); 113) Display those managers name whose salary is more than average salary salary of his employees? Ans: select distinct e1.ename,e1.sal from tvsemp e,e1,dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and e.mgr=e1.empno and e1.sal>any (select avg(sal) from tvsemp group by deptno); 114) Display employee name,sal,comm and netpay for those employees whose netpay is greater than or equal to any other employee salary of the company? Ans: select ename,sal,NVL(comm,0),sal+NVL(comm,0) from tvsemp where sal+NVL(comm,0) >any (select e.sal from tvsemp e ); 115) Display those employees whose salary is less than his manager but more than salary of other managers? Ans: select e.ename sub,e.sal from tvsemp e,e1,tvsdept d where

e.deptno=d.deptno and e.mgr=e1.empno and e.sal<e1.sal and e.sal >any (select e2.sal from tvsemp e2, e,tvsdept d1 where e.mgr=e2.empno and d1.deptno=e.deptno); 116) Display all employees names with total sal of company with each employee name? Ans: 117) Find the last 5(least) employees of company? Ans: 118) Find out the number of employees whose salary is greater than their managers salary? Ans: select e.ename,e.sal,e1.ename,e1.sal from tvsemp e,e1,tvsdept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and e.mgr=e1.empno and e.sal>e1.sal 119) Display the manager who are not working under president but they are working under any other manager? Ans: select e2.ename from emp e1,emp e2,emp e3 where e1.mgr=e2.empno and e2.mgr=e3.empno and e3.job! ='PRESIDENT'; 120) Delete those department where no employee working? Ans: delete from tvsemp where empno is null; 121) Delete those records from emp table whose deptno not available in dept table? Ans: delete from tvsemp e where e.deptno not in (select deptno from tvsdept) 122) Display those enames whose salary is out of grade available in salgrade table? Ans: select empno,sal from tvsemp where sal<(select min(LOSAL) from salgrade ) OR sal>(select max(hisal) from salgrade) 123) Display employee name,sal,comm and whose netpay is greater than any othere in the company? Ans: select ename,sal,comm,sal+comm from tvsemp where sal+comm>any (select sal+comm from tvsemp ) 124) Display name of those employees who are going to retire 31-Dec-99 if maximum job period is 30 years? Ans: select empno, hiredate,sysdate, to_char(sysdate,'yyyy') - to_char(hiredate,'yyyy') from tvsemp where to_char(sysdate,'yyyy') - to_char(hiredate,'yyyy')=30 125) Display those employees whose salary is odd value? Ans: select ename ,sal from tvsemp where mod(sal,2)!=0

126) Display those employees whose salary contains atleast 3 digits? Ans: select ename,sal from tvsemp where length(sal)=3 127) Display those employees who joined in the company in the month of Dec? Ans: Select empno,ename from tvsemp where trim(to_char(hiredate,'Mon'))=trim('DEC') 128) Display those employees whose name contains A? Ans: select ename from tvsemp where ename like('%A%') 129) Display those employees whose deptno is available in salary? Ans: select ename,sal from tvsemp where deptno in (select distinct sal from tvsemp); 130) Display those employees whose first 2 characters from hiredate - last 2 characters sal? Ans: select empno,hiredate,sal from tvsemp where trim(substr(hiredate,1,2))=trim(substr(sal,-2,2)); or select hiredate,sal from tvsemp where to_Char(hiredate,'dd')=trim(substr(sal,-2,2)) 131) Display those employeess whose 10% of salary is equal to the year joining? Ans: select ename ,sal,0.10*sal from tvsemp where 0.10*sal=trim(to_char(hiredate,'yy')) 132) Display those employees who are working in sales or research? Ans: select e.ename from tvsemp e ,tvsdept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and d.dname in('SALES','RESEARCH'); 133) Display the grade of jones? Ans: select ename,grade from tvsemp,salgrade where ( grade,sal) = (select grade,sal from salgrade,tvsemp where sal between losal and hisal and ename='JONES') 134) Display those employees who joined the company before 15th of the month? Ans: select ename ,hiredate from tvsemp where hiredate<'15-Jul-02' and hiredate >='01-jul-02'; 135) Display those employees who has joined before 15th of the month? Ans: select ename ,hiredate from tvsemp where hiredate<'15-Jul-02' 136) Delete those records where no of employees in particular department is less than 3? Ans: delete from tvsemp where deptno in (select deptno from tvsemp group by deptno having count(*) <3

137A) Delete those employeewho joined the company 10 years back from today? Ans: delete from tvsemp where empno in (select empno from tvsemp where to_char(sysdate,'yyyy')- to_char(hiredate,'yyyy')>=10) 137B) Display the deptname the number of characters of which is equal to no of employee in any other department? Ans: 138) Display the deptname where no employee is working? Ans: select deptno from tvsemp where empno is null; 139) Display those employees who are working as manager? Ans: select e2.ename from tvsemp e1,e2 where e1.mgr=e2.empno and e2.empno is not null 140) Count th number of employees who are working as managers (Using set opetrator)? Ans: select d.dname from tvsdept d where length(d.dname) in (select count(*) from tvsemp e where e.deptno! =d.deptno group by e.deptno) 141) Display the name of the dept those employees who joined the company on the same date? Ans: select a.ename,b.ename from tvsemp a,tvsemp b where a.hiredate=b.hiredate and a.empno!=b.empno 142) Display those employees whose grade is equal to any number of sal but not equal to first number of sal? Ans: select ename,sal,grade ,substr(sal,grade,1) from tvsemp,salgrade where grade!=substr(sal,1,1) and grade = substr(sal,grade,1) and sal between losal and hisal 143) Count the no of employees working as manager using set operation? Ans: Select count(empno) from tvsemp where empno in (select a.empno from tvsemp a intersect select b.mgr from tvsemp b) 144) Display the name of employees who joined the company on the same date? Ans: select a.ename,b.ename from tvsemp a,tvsemp b where a.hiredate=b.hiredate and a.empno!=b.empno; 145) Display the manager who is having maximum number of employees working under him?

Ans: select e2.ename,count(*) from tvsemp e1,e2 where e1.mgr=e2.empno group by e2.ename Having count(*)=(select max(count(*)) from tvsemp e1,e2 where e1.mgr=e2.empno group by e2.ename) 146) List out the employee name and salary increased by 15% and express as whole number of Dollars? Ans: select ename,sal,lpad(translate(sal,sal,((sal +(sal*0.15))/50)),5,'$') from tvsemp 147) Produce the output of the emptable "EMPLOYEE_AND JOB" for ename and job ? Ans: select ename"EMPLOYEE_AND",job"JOB" FROM TVSEMP; 148) Lust of employees with hiredate in the format of 'June 4 1988'? Ans: select ename,to_char(hiredate,'Month dd yyyy') from tvsemp; 149) print list of employees displaying 'Just salary' if more than 1500 if exactly 1500 display 'on taget' if less than 1500 display below 1500? Ans: select ename,sal, ( case when sal < 1500 then 'Below_Target' when sal=1500 then 'On_Target' when sal > 1500 then 'Above_Target' else 'kkkkk' end ) from tvsemp 150) Which query to calculate the length of time any employee has been with the company Ans: select hiredate,to_char(hiredate,' HH:MI:SS') FROM tvsemp 151) Given a string of the format 'nn/nn' . Verify that the first and last 2 characters are numbers .And that the middle character is '/' Print the expressions 'Yes' IF valid 'NO' of not valid . Use the following values to test your solution'12/54',01/1a,'99/98'? Ans: 152) Employes hire on OR Before 15th of any month are paid on the last friday of that month those hired after 15th are paid the last friday of th following month .print a list of employees .their hiredate and first pay date sort those who se salary contains first digit of their deptno?

Ans: select ename,hiredate, LAST_DAY ( next_day(hiredate,'Friday')), ( case when to_char(hiredate,'dd') <=('15') then LAST_DAY ( next_day(hiredate,'Friday')) when to_char(hiredate,'dd')>('15') then LAST_DAY( next_day(add_months(hiredate,1),'Friday')) end ) from tvsemp 153) Display those managers who are getting less than his employees salary? Ans: select a.empno,a.ename ,a.sal,b.sal,b.empno,b.ename from tvsemp a, tvsemp b where a.mgr=b.empno and a.sal>b.sal 154) Print the details of employees who are subordinates to BLAKE? Ans: select a.empno,a.ename ,b.ename from tvsemp a, tvsemp b where a.mgr=b.empno and b.ename='BLAKE' ********************** 151.Display those who working as manager using co related sub query select * from emp where empno in (select mgr from emp); 152.Display those employees whose manager name is JONES and also with his manager name select * from emp where mgr=(select empno from emp where ename='JONES') union select * from emp where empno = (select mgr from emp where ename='JONES'); 153.Define variable representing the expressions used to calculate on employees total annual renumaration define emp_ann_sal=(sal+nvl(comm,0))*.12; 154.Use the variable in a statement which finds all employees who can earn 30000 a year or more select * from emp where &emp_ann_sal>30000; 155.Find out how many managers are there with out listing them select count(*) from emp where empno in (select mgr from emp); 156.Find out the avg sal and avg total remuneration for each job type remember salesman earn commission select job,avg(sal+nvl(comm,0)),sum(sal+nvl(comm,0)) from emp group by job;

157.Check whether all employees number are indeed unique select count(empno) ,count(distinct(empno)) from emp having count(empno)=(count(distinct(empno)); 158.List out the lowest paid employees working for each manager, exclude any groups where minsal is less than 1000 sort the output by sal select e.ename,e.mgr,e.sal from emp e where sal in (select min(sal) from emp where mgr=e.mgr) and e.sal>1000 order by sal; 159.List ename,job,annual sal,depno,dname and grade who earn 30000 per year and who are not clerks select e.ename,e.job,(e.sal+nvl(e.comm,0))*12,e.deptno,d.dname,s.grade from emp e,salgrade s,dept d where e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal and e.deptno=d.deptno and (e.sal+nvl(comm,0))*12 > 30000 and e.job<>'CLERK'; 160.Find out th job that was falled in the first half of 1983 and the same job that was falled during the same period on 1984 161.Find out the all employees who joined the company before their manager select * from emp e where hiredate <(select hiredate from emp where empno=e.mgr); 162.List out the all employees by name and number along with their manager's name and number also display 'NO MANAGER' who has no manager select e.empno,e.ename,m.empno Manager,m.ename ManagerName from emp e,emp m where e.mgr=m.empno union select empno,ename,mgr,'NO Manager' from emp where mgr is null; 163.Find out the employees who earned the highest sal in each job typed sort in descending sal order select * from emp e where sal=(select max(sal) from emp where job=e.job); 164.Find out the employees who earned the min sal for their job in ascending order select * from emp e where sal=(select min(sal) from emp where job=e.job) order by sal; 165.Find out the most recently hired employees in each dept order by hire date select * from emp order by deptno,hiredate desc; 166.Display ename,sal and deptno for each employee who earn a sal greater than the avg of their department

order by deptno select ename,sal,deptno from emp e where sal>(select avg(sal) from emp where deptno=e.deptno) order by deptno; 167.Display the department where there are no employees select deptno,dname from dept where deptno not in (select distinct(deptno) from emp); 168.Display the dept no with highest annual remuneration bill as compensation select deptno,sum(sal) from emp group by deptno having sum(sal)=(select max(sum(sal)) from emp group by deptno); 169.In which year did most people join the company. Display the year and number of employees select count(*),to_char(hiredate,'yyyy') from emp group by to_char(hiredate,'yyyy'); 170.Display avg sal figure for the dept select deptno,avg(sal) from emp group by deptno; 171.Write a query of display against the row of the most recently hierd employee.display ename hire date and column max date showing select empno,hiredate from emp wher hiredate=(select max(hiredate) from emp); 172.Display employees who can earn more than lowest sal in dept no 30 select * from emp where sal > (select min(sal) from emp where deptno=30); 173.Find employees who can earn more than every employees in dept no 30 select * from emp where sal>(select max(sal) from emp where deptno=30); select * from emp where sal>all(select sal from emp where deptno=30); 174.select dept name and deptno and sum of sal break on deptno on dname; select e.deptno,d.dname,sal from emp e,dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno order by e.deptno; 175.Find out avg sal and avg total remainders for each job type 176.Find all dept's which have more than 3 employees select deptno from emp group by deptno having count(*)>3; 177.If the pay day is next Friday after 15th and 30th of every month. What is the next pay day from their hire date for employee in emp table 178.If an employee is taken by you today in your organization and is a policy in your company to have a

review after 9 months the joined date (and of 1st of next month after 9 months) how many days from today your employee has to wait for a review 179.Display employee name and his sal whose sal is greater than highest avg of deptno 180.Display the 10 th record of emp table (without using rowid) 181.Display the half of the enames in upper case and remaining lower case select concat(upper(substr(ename,0,length(ename)/2),lower(substr(ename,length(ename)/2+1,length(ename)))) from emp; 182.Display the 10th record of emp table without using group by and rowid 183.Delete the 10th record of emp table 184.Create a copy of emp table create table emp1 as select * from emp; 185.select ename if ename exists more than once select distinct(ename) from emp e where ename in (select ename from emp where e.empno<>empno); 186.Display all enames in reverse order select ename from emp order by ename desc; 187.Display those employee whose joining of month and grade is equal select empno,ename from emp e,salgrade s where e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal and to_char(hiredate, 'mm')=grade; 188.Display those employee whose joining date is available in deptno select * from emp where to_char(hiredate,'dd') =deptno; 189.Display those employee name as follows A ALLEN, B BLAKE select substr(ename,1,1)||''||ename from emp; 190.List out the employees ename,sal,pf from emp select ename,sal,sal*15/100 pf from emp; 191.Display RSPS from emp without using updating,inserting 192.Create table emp with only one column empno create table emp (empno number(5));

193.Add this column to emp table ename varchar2(20) alter table emp add ename varchar2(20) not null; 194.OOPSI i forget to give the primary key constraint. Add it now alter table emp add constraint emp_empno primary key (empno); 195.Now increase the length of ename column to 30 characters alter table emp modify ename varchar2(30); 196.Add salary column to emp table alter table emp add sal number(7,2); 197.I want to give a validation saying that sal can not be greater 10000(note give a name to this column) alter table emp add constraint emp_sal_check check(sal<10000); 198.For the time being i have decided that i will not impose this validation. My boss has agreed to pay more than 10000 alter table emp disable constraint emp_sal_check; 199.My boss has changed his mind. Now he doesn't want to pay more than 10000 So revoke that salary constraint alter table emp enable constraint emp_sal_check; 200.Add column called as mgr to your emp table alter table emp add mgr number(5); 201.Oh! This column should be related to empno, Give a command tdo add this constraint Alter table emp add constraint emp_mgr foreign key (empno); 202.Add dept no column to your emp table alter table emp add deptno number(3); 203.This deptno column should be related to deptno column of dept table alter table emp1 add constraint emp1_deptno foreign key (deptno) references dept(deptno); 204.Create table called as new emp. Using single command create this table as well as to get data into this table (use create table as) create table newemp as select * from emp; 205.Create table called as newemp. This table should contain only empno,ename,dname

create table newemp as select empno,ename,dname from emp e,dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno; 206.Delete the rows of employees who are working in the company for more than 2 years delete from emp where floor(sysdate-hiredate)>2*365; 207.Provides a commission to employees who are not earning any commission select emp set comm=300 where comm is null; 208.If any employee has commission his commission should be incremented by 100% of his salary update emp set comm=comm*10/100 where comm is not null; 209.Display employee name and department name for each employee select ename,dname from emp e,dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno; 210.Display employee number,name and location of the department in which he is working select empno,ename,loc from emp e,dept d where e.detpno=d.deptno; 211.Display ename,dname even if there no employees working in a particular department(use outer join) select ename,dname from emp e,dept d where e.deptno(+)=d.deptno; 212.Display employee name and his manager name. select e.ename,m.ename from emp e,emp m where e.mgr=m.empno; 213.Display the department name along with total salary in each department select deptno,sum(sal) from emp group by deptno; 214.Display the department name and total number of employees in each department select deptno,count(*) from emp group by deptno; Q:1) Display the name of employees along with their annual salary(sal*12). the name of the employee earning highest annual salary should appear first? Ans: select ename,sal,sal*12 "Annual Salary" from emp order by "Annual Salary" desc; Q:2)Display name,salary,Hra,pf,da,TotalSalary for each employee. The out put should be in the order of total salary ,hra 15% of salary , DA 10% of salary .pf 5% salary Total Salary will be (salary+hra+da)-pf? Ans: select ename,sal SA,sal*0.15 HRA,sal*0.10 DA,sal*5/100 PF, sal+(sal*0.15)+(sal*0.10)-(sal*.05) TOTALSALARY from emp ORDER BY TOTALSALARY DESC; Q:3) Display Department numbers and total number of employees working in each Department? Ans: select deptno,count(*) from emp group by deptno; Q:4) Display the various jobs and total number of employees working in each job group? Ans: select job,count(*) from emp group by job; Q:5) Display department numbers and Total Salary for each Department? Ans: select deptno,sum(sal) from emp group by deptno; Q:6) Display department numbers and Maximum Salary from each Department? Ans: select deptno,max(sal) from emp group by deptno; Q:7) Display various jobs and Total Salary for each job? Ans: select job,sum(sal) from emp group by job; Q:8) Display each job along with min of salary being paid in each job group?

Ans: select job ,min(sal) from emp group by job; Q:9) Display the department Number with more than three employees in each department? Ans: select deptno ,count(*) from emp group by deptno having count(*)>3; Q:10) Display various jobs along with total salary for each of the job where total salary is greater than 40000? Ans: select job,sum(sal) from emp group by job having sum(sal)>40000; Q:11) Display the various jobs along with total number of employees in each job.The output should contain only those jobs with more than three employees? Ans: select job,count(*) from emp group by job having count(*)>3; Q:12) Display the name of employee who earn Highest Salary? Ans: select ename, sal from emp where sal>=(select max(sal) from emp );

Q:13) Display the employee Number and name for employee working as clerk and earning highest salary among the clerks? Ans: select ename,empno from emp where sal=(select max(sal) from emp where job='CLERK') and job='CLERK' ; Q:14) Display the names of salesman who earns a salary more than the Highest Salary of the Clerk? Ans: select ename,sal from emp where sal>(select max(sal) from emp where job='CLERK') AND job='SALESMAN'; Q:15) Display the names of clerks who earn a salary more than the lowest Salary of any Salesman? Ans: select ename,sal from emp where sal>(select min(sal) from emp where job='SALESMAN') and job='CLERK'; Q:16) Display the names of employees who earn a salary more than that of jones or that of salary greater than that of scott? Ans: select ename,sal from emp where sal>all(select sal from emp where ename='JONES' OR ename='SCOTT'); Q:17) Display the names of employees who earn Highest salary in their respective departments? Ans: select ename,sal,deptno from emp where sal in (select max(sal) from emp group by deptno); Q:18) Display the names of employees who earn Highest salaries in their respective job Groups? Ans: select ename,job from emp where sal in (select max(sal) from emp group by job); Q:19) Display employee names who are working in Accounting department? Ans: select e.ename,d.dname from emp e,dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and d.dname='ACCOUNTING'; Q:20) Display the employee names who are Working in Chicago? Ans: select e.ename,d.loc from emp e,dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and d.loc='CHICAGO'; Q:21) Display the job groups having Total Salary greater than the maximum salary for Managers? Ans: select job ,sum(sal) from emp group by job having sum(sal) >(select max(sal) from emp where job='MANAGER'); Q:22) Display the names of employees from department number 10 with salary greater than that of ANY employee working in other departments? Ans: select ename,deptno from emp where sal>any(select min(sal) from emp where deptno!=10 group by deptno) and deptno=10 ;

Q:23) Display the names of employees from department number 10 with salary greater than that of ALL employee working in other departments? Ans: select ename,deptno from emp where sal>all(select max(sal) from emp where deptno!=10 group by deptno) and deptno=10 ; Q:24) Display the names of employees in Upper Case? Ans: select upper(ename) from emp; Q:25) Display the names of employees in Lower Case? Ans: select Lower(ename) from emp; Q:26) Display the names of employees in Proper case? Ans: select InitCap(ename)from emp; Q:27) Find the length of your name using Appropriate Function? Ans: select lentgh('SRINIVASARAO') from dual; Q:28) Display the length of all the employee names? Ans: select length(ename) from emp; Q:29) Display the name of employee Concatinate with Employee Number? Ans: select ename||' '||empno from emp; Q:30) Use appropriate function and extract 3 characters starting from 2 characters from the following string 'Oracle' i.e., the out put should be ac? Ans: select substr('Oracle',3,2) from dual; Q:31) Find the first occurance of character a from the following string Computer Maintenance Corporation? Ans: select lstr('Computer Maintenance Corporation','a' ) from dual; Q:32) Replace every occurance of alphabet A with B in the string .Alliens (Use Translate function)? Ans: select translate('Alliens','A','B') from Dual; Q:33) Display the information from the employee table . where ever job Manager is found it should be displayed as Boss? Ans: select ename ,replace(job,'MANAGER','BOSS') from emp; Q:34) Display empno,ename,deptno from emp table. Instead of display department numbers display the related department name(Use decode function)? Ans: select empno,ename,deptno,Decode(deptno,10,'ACCOUNTING' ,20,'RESEARCH',30,'SALES','OPERATIONS')DName from emp; Q:35) Display your Age in Days? Ans: select sysdate-to_date('30-jul-1977') from dual;

Q:36) Display your Age in Months? Ans: select months_between(sysdate,to_date('30-jul-1977')) from dual; Q:37) Display current date as 15th August Friday Nineteen Nienty Seven? Ans: select To_char(sysdate,'ddth Month Day year') from dual; Q:38) Display the following output for each row from emp table? Ans: Q:39 Q:39) Scott has joined the company on 13th August ninteen ninety? Ans: select empno,ename,to_char(Hiredate,'Day ddth Month year') from emp; Q:40) Find the nearest Saturday after Current date? Ans: select next_day(sysdate,'Saturday') from dual; Q:41) Display the current time? Ans: select To_Char(sysdate,'HH:MI:SS') from dual; Q:42) Display the date three months before the Current date? Ans: select Add_months(sysdate,-3) from dual; Q:43) Display the common jobs from department number 10 and 20? Ans: select job from emp where job in (select job from emp where deptno=20) and deptno=10; Q:44) Display the jobs found in department 10 and 20 Eliminate duplicate jobs? Ans: select Distinct job from emp where deptno in(10,20); Q:45) Display the jobs which are unique to department 10? Ans: select job from emp where deptno=10; Q:46) Display the details of those employees who do not have any person working under him? Ans: select empno,ename,job from emp where empno not in (select mgr from emp where mgr is not null ); Q:47)Display the details of those employees who are in sales department and grade is 3? Ans: select e.ename,d.dname,grade from emp e,dept d ,salgrade where e.deptno=d.deptno and dname='SALES' and grade=3; Q:48) Display those who are not managers? Ans: select ename from emp where job!='MANAGER'; Q:49) Display those employees whose name contains not less than 4 characters? Ans: select ename from emp where length(ename)>=4;

Q:50) Display those department whose name start with"S" while location name ends with "K"? Ans: select e.ename,d.loc from emp e ,dept d where d.loc like('%K') and ename like('S%'); Q:51) Display those employees whose manager name is Jones? Ans: select e.ename Superior,e1.ename Subordinate from emp e,e1 where e.empno=e1.mgr and e.ename='JONES'; Q:52) Display those employees whose salary is more than 3000 after giving 20% increment? Ans: select ename,sal,(sal+(sal*0.20)) from emp where (sal+(sal*0.20))>3000; Q:53) Display all employees with their department names? Ans: select e.ename,d.dname from emp e, dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno; Q:54) Display ename who are working in sales department? Ans: select e.ename,d.dname from emp e,dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and d.dname='SALES'; Q:56) Display employee name,dept name,salary,and commission for those sal in between 2000 to 5000 while location is Chicago? Ans: Select e.ename,d.dname,e.sal,e.comm from emp e,dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and sal between 2000 and 5000; Q:57) Display those employees whose salary is greater than his managers salary? Ans: Select e.ename,e.sal,e1.ename,e1.sal from emp e,e1 where e.mgr=e1.empno and e.sal>e1.sal; Q:58) Display those employees who are working in the same dept where his manager is work? Ans: select e.ename,e.deptno,e1.ename,e1.deptno from emp e,e1 where e.mgr=e1.empno and e.deptno=e1.deptno; Q:59) Display those employees who are not working under any Manager? Ans: select ename from emp where mgr is null; Q:60) Display the grade and employees name for the deptno 10 or 30 but grade is not 4 while joined the company before 31-DEC-82? Ans: select ename,grade,deptno,sal from emp ,salgrade where ( grade,sal) in ( select grade,sal from salgrade,emp where sal between losal and hisal) and grade!=4 and deptno in (10,30) and hiredate<'31-Dec-82'; Q:61) Update the salary of each employee by 10% increment who are not eligible for commission? Ans: update emp set sal= (sal+(sal*0.10)) where comm is null;

Q:62) Delete those employees who joined the company before 31-Dec-82 while their department Location is New York or Chicago? Ans: select e.ename,e.hiredate,d.loc from emp e,dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and hiredate<'31-Dec-82' and d.loc in('NEW YORK','CHICAGO'); Q:63) Display employee name ,job,deptname,loc for all who are working as manager? Ans: select e.ename,e.job,d.dname,d.loc from emp e,dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and e.empno in (select mgr from emp where mgr is not null); Q:64) Display those employees whose manager name is jones and also display their manager name? Ans: select e.ename sub,e1.ename from emp e,e1 where e.mgr=e1.empno and e1.ename='JONES'; Q:65) Display name and salary of ford if his salary is equal to hisal of his grade? Ans: select ename,grade,hisal,sal from emp,salgrade where ename='FORD' and sal=hisal; OR select grade,sal,hisal from emp,salgrade where ename='FORD' and sal between losal and hisal; OR select ename,sal,hisal,grade from emp,salgrade where ename='FORD' and (grade,sal) in (select grade,hisal from salgrade,emp where sal between losal and hisal); Q66) Display employee name ,job,deptname,his manager name ,his grade and make an under department wise? Ans: select e.ename sub,e1.ename sup,e.job,d.dname ,grade from emp e,e1,salgrade,dept d where e.mgr=e1.empno and e.sal between losal and hisal and e.deptno=d.deptno group by d.deptno,e.ename,e1.ename,e.job,d.dname,grade; OR select e.ename sub,e1.ename sup,e.job,d.dname ,grade from emp e,e1,salgrade,tvsdept d where e.mgr=e1.empno and e.sal between losal and hisal and e.deptno=d.deptno; Q:67) List out all the employee names ,job,salary,grade and deptname for every one in a company except 'CLERK' . Sort on salary display the highest salary? Ans: select e.ename ,e.job,e.sal,d.dname ,grade from emp e,salgrade,dept d where (e.deptno=d.deptno and e.sal between losal and hisal ) order by e.sal desc; Q:68) Display employee name,job abd his manager .Display also employees who are with out managers? Ans: select e.ename ,e1.ename,e.job,e.sal,d.dname from emp e,e1,dept d where e.mgr=e1.empno(+) and e.deptno=d.deptno;

Q:69) Display Top 5 employee of a Company? Ans: Q:70) Display the names of those employees who are getting the highest salary? Ans: select ename,sal from emp where sal in (select max(sal) from emp); Q:71) Display those employees whose salary is equal to average of maximum and minimum? Ans: select * from emp where sal=(select (max(sal)+min(sal))/2 from emp); Q:72) Select count of employees in each department where count >3? Ans: select count(*) from emp group by deptno having count(*)>3 Q:73) Display dname where atleast three are working and display only deptname? Ans: select d.dname from dept d, emp e where e.deptno=d.deptno group by d.dname having count(*)>3; Q:74) Display name of those managers name whose salary is more than average salary of Company? Ans: select distinct e1.ename,e1.sal from emp e,e1,dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and e.mgr=e1.empno and e1.sal> (select avg(sal) from emp); Q:75) Display those managers name whose salary is more than average salary salary of his employees? Ans: select distinct e1.ename,e1.sal from emp e,e1,dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and e.mgr=e1.empno and e1.sal>any (select avg(sal) from emp group by deptno); Q:76) Display employee name,sal,comm and netpay for those employees whose netpay is greater than or equal to any other employee salary of the company? Ans: select ename,sal,NVL(comm,0),sal+NVL(comm,0) from emp where sal+NVL(comm,0) >any (select e.sal from emp e ); Q:77) Display those employees whose salary is less than his manager but more than salary of other managers? Ans: select e.ename sub,e.sal from emp e,e1,dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and e.mgr=e1.empno and e.sal<e1.sal and e.sal >any (select e2.sal from emp e2, e,dept d1 where e.mgr=e2.empno and d1.deptno=e.deptno); Q:78) Display all employees names with total sal of company with each employee name? Ans: Q:79) Find the last 5(least) employees of company? Ans: Q:80) Find out the number of employees whose salary is greater than their

managers salary? Ans: select e.ename,e.sal,e1.ename,e1.sal from emp e,e1,dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and e.mgr=e1.empno and e.sal>e1.sal; Q:81) Display the manager who are not working under president but they are working under any other manager? Ans: select e2.ename from emp e1,emp e2,emp e3 where e1.mgr=e2.empno and e2.mgr=e3.empno and e3.job! ='PRESIDENT'; Q:82) Delete those department where no employee working? Ans: delete from emp where empno is null; Q:83) Delete those records from emp table whose deptno not available in dept table? Ans: delete from emp e where e.deptno not in (select deptno from dept); Q:84) Display those enames whose salary is out of grade available in salgrade table? Ans: select empno,sal from emp where sal<(select min(LOSAL) from salgrade ) OR sal>(select max(hisal) from salgrade); Q:85) Display employee name,sal,comm and whose netpay is greater than any other in the company? Ans: select ename,sal,comm,sal+comm from emp where sal+comm>any (select sal+comm from emp ); Q:86) Display name of those employees who are going to retire 31-Dec-99 if maximum job period is 30 years? Ans: select empno, hiredate,sysdate, to_char(sysdate,'yyyy') - to_char(hiredate,'yyyy') from emp where to_char(sysdate,'yyyy') - to_char(hiredate,'yyyy')=30; Q:87) Display those employees whose salary is odd value? Ans: select ename ,sal from emp where mod(sal,2)!=0; Q:88) Display those employees whose salary contains atleast 3 digits? Ans: select ename,sal from emp where length(sal)=3; Q:89) Display those employees who joined in the company in the month of Dec? Ans: Select empno,ename from emp where trim(to_char(hiredate,'Mon'))=trim('DEC'); Q:90) Display those employees whose name contains A? Ans: select ename from emp where ename like('%A%'); Q:91) Display those employees whose deptno is available in salary? Ans: select ename,sal from emp where deptno in (select distinct sal from emp);

Q:92) Display those employees whose first 2 characters from hiredate - last 2 characters sal? Ans: select empno,hiredate,sal from emp where trim(substr(hiredate,1,2))=trim(substr(sal,-2,2)); or select hiredate,sal from emp where to_Char(hiredate,'dd')=trim(substr(sal,-2,2)); Q:93) Display those employeess whose 10% of salary is equal to the year joining? Ans: select ename ,sal,0.10*sal from emp where 0.10*sal=trim(to_char(hiredate,'yy')); Q:94) Display those employees who are working in sales or research? Ans: select e.ename from emp e ,dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and d.dname in('SALES','RESEARCH'); Q:95) Display the grade of jones? Ans: select ename,grade from emp,salgrade where ( grade,sal) = (select grade,sal from salgrade,emp where sal between losal and hisal and ename='JONES'); Q:96) Display those employees who joined the company before 15th of the month? Ans: select ename ,hiredate from emp where hiredate<'15-Jul-02' and hiredate >='01-jul-02'; Q:97) Display those employees who has joined before 15th of the month? Ans: select ename ,hiredate from emp where hiredate<'15-Jul-02' Q:98) Delete those records where no of employees in particular department is less than 3? Ans: delete from emp where deptno in (select deptno from emp group by deptno having count(*) <3 ; Q:99A) Delete those employeewho joined the company 10 years back from today? Ans: delete from emp where empno in (select empno from emp where to_char(sysdate,'yyyy')- to_char(hiredate,'yyyy')>=10); Q:99B) Display the deptname the number of characters of which is equal to no of employee in any other department? Ans: Q:100) Display the deptname where no employee is working? Ans: select deptno from emp where empno is null; Q:101) Display those employees who are working as manager? Ans: select e2.ename from emp e1,e2 where e1.mgr=e2.empno and e2.empno is not null; Q:102) Count th number of employees who are working as managers (Using set opetrator)?

Ans: select d.dname from dept d where length(d.dname) in (select count(*) from emp e where e.deptno! =d.deptno group by e.deptno); Q:103) Display the name of the dept those employees who joined the company on the same date? Ans: select a.ename,b.ename from emp a,emp b where a.hiredate=b.hiredate and a.empno!=b.empno; Q:104) Display those employees whose grade is equal to any number of sal but not equal to first number of sal? Ans: select ename,sal,grade ,substr(sal,grade,1) from emp,salgrade where grade!=substr(sal,1,1) and grade = substr(sal,grade,1) and sal between losal and hisal; Q:105) Count the no of employees working as manager using set operation? Ans: Select count(empno) from emp where empno in (select a.empno from emp a intersect select b.mgr from emp b); Q:106) Display the name of employees who joined the company on the same date? Ans: select a.ename,b.ename from emp a,emp b where a.hiredate=b.hiredate and a.empno!=b.empno; Q:107) Display the manager who is having maximum number of employees working under him? Ans: select e2.ename,count(*) from emp e1,e2 where e1.mgr=e2.empno group by e2.ename Having count(*)=(select max(count(*)) from emp e1,e2 where e1.mgr=e2.empno group by e2.ename); Q:108) List out the employee name and salary increased by 15% and express as whole number of Dollars? Ans: select ename,sal,lpad(translate(sal,sal,((sal +(sal*0.15))/50)),5,'$') from emp; Q:109) Produce the output of the emptable "EMPLOYEE_AND JOB" for ename and job ? Ans: select ename"EMPLOYEE_AND",job"JOB" FROM EMP; Q:110) Lust of employees with hiredate in the format of 'June 4 1988'? Ans: select ename,to_char(hiredate,'Month dd yyyy') from emp; Q:111) print list of employees displaying 'Just salary' if more than 1500 if exactly 1500 display 'on taget' if less than 1500 display below 1500? Ans: select ename,sal, ( case when sal < 1500 then

'Below_Target' when sal=1500 then 'On_Target' when sal > 1500 then 'Above_Target' else 'kkkkk' end ) from emp; Q:112) Which query to calculate the length of time any employee has been with the company Ans: select hiredate,to_char(hiredate,' HH:MI:SS') FROM emp; Q:113) Given a string of the format 'nn/nn' . Verify that the first and last 2 characters are numbers .And that the middle character is '/' Print the expressions 'Yes' IF valid 'NO' of not valid . Use the following values to test your solution'12/54',01/1a,'99/98'? Ans: Q:114) Employes hire on OR Before 15th of any month are paid on the last friday of that month those hired after 15th are paid the last friday of th following month .print a list of employees .their hiredate and first pay date sort those who se salary contains first digit of their deptno? Ans: select ename,hiredate, LAST_DAY ( next_day(hiredate,'Friday')), ( case when to_char(hiredate,'dd') <=('15') then LAST_DAY ( next_day(hiredate,'Friday')) when to_char(hiredate,'dd')>('15') then LAST_DAY( next_day(add_months(hiredate,1),'Friday')) end ) from emp; Q:115) Display those managers who are getting less than his employees salary? Ans: select a.empno,a.ename ,a.sal,b.sal,b.empno,b.ename from emp a, emp b where a.mgr=b.empno and a.sal>b.sal; Q:116) Print the details of employees who are subordinates to BLAKE? Ans: select a.empno,a.ename ,b.ename from emp a, emp b where a.mgr=b.empno and b.ename='BLAKE';

Q:1) Display the name of employees along with their annual salary(sal*12). the name of the employee earning highest annual salary should appear first? Ans: select ename,sal,sal*12 "Annual Salary" from emp order by "Annual Salary" desc; Q:2)Display name,salary,Hra,pf,da,TotalSalary for each employee. The out put should be in the order of total salary ,hra 15% of salary , DA 10% of salary .pf 5% salary Total Salary will be (salary+hra+da)-pf? Ans: select ename,sal SA,sal*0.15 HRA,sal*0.10 DA,sal*5/100 PF,sal+ (sal*0.15)+(sal*0.10)-(sal*.05) TOTALSALARY from emp ORDER BY TOTALSALARY DESC; Q:3) Display Department numbers and total number of employees working in each Department? Ans: select deptno,count(*) from emp group by deptno; Q:4) Display the various jobs and total number of employees working in each job group? Ans: select job,count(*) from emp group by job; Q:5) Display department numbers and Total Salary for each Department? Ans: select deptno,sum(sal) from emp group by deptno; Q:6) Display department numbers and Maximum Salary from each Department? Ans: select deptno,max(sal) from emp group by deptno; Q:7) Display various jobs and Total Salary for each job? Ans: select job,sum(sal) from emp group by job;

Q:8) Display each job along with min of salary being paid in each job group? Q:9) Display the department Number with more than three employees in each department? Ans: select deptno ,count(*) from emp group by deptno having count(*)>3; Q:10) Display various jobs along with total salary for each of the job where total salary is greater than 40000? Ans: select job,sum(sal) from emp group by job having sum(sal)>40000; Q:11) Display the various jobs along with total number of employees in each job.The output should contain only those jobs with more than three employees? Ans: select job,count(*) from emp group by job having count(*)>3; Q:12) Display the name of employee who earn Highest Salary? Ans: select ename, sal from emp where sal>=(select max(sal) from emp ); Q:13) Display the employee Number and name for employee working as clerk and earning highest salary among the clerks? Ans: select ename,empno from emp where sal=(select max(sal) from emp where job='CLERK') and job='CLERK' ; Q:14) Display the names of salesman who earns a salary more than the Highest Salary of the Clerk? Ans: select ename,sal from emp where sal>(select max(sal) from emp where job='CLERK') AND job='SALESMAN'; Q:15) Display the names of clerks who earn a salary more than the lowest Salary of any Salesman? Ans: select ename,sal from emp where sal>(select min(sal) from emp where job='SALESMAN') and job='CLERK';

Q:16) Display the names of employees who earn a salary more than that of jones or that of salary greater than that of scott? Ans: select ename,sal from emp where sal>all(select sal from emp where ename='JONES' OR ename='SCOTT'); Q:17) Display the names of employees who earn Highest salary in their respective departments? Ans: select ename,sal,deptno from emp where sal in (select max(sal) from emp group by deptno); Q:18) Display the names of employees who earn Highest salaries in their respective job Groups? Ans: select ename,job from emp where sal in (select max(sal) from emp group by job); Q:19) Display employee names who are working in Accounting department? Ans: select e.ename,d.dname from emp e,dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and d.dname='ACCOUNTING'; Q:20) Display the employee names who are Working in Chicago? Ans: select e.ename,d.loc from emp e,dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and d.loc='CHICAGO'; Q:21) Display the job groups having Total Salary greater than the maximum salary for Managers? Ans: select job ,sum(sal) from emp group by job having sum(sal) >(select max(sal) from emp where job='MANAGER'); Q:22) Display the names of employees from department number 10 with salary greater than that of ANY employee working in other departments?

Ans: select ename,deptno from emp where sal>any(select min(sal) from emp where deptno!=10 group by deptno) and deptno=10 ; Q:23) Display the names of employees from department number 10 with salary greater than that of ALL employee working in other departments? Ans: select ename,deptno from emp where sal>all(select max(sal) from emp where deptno!=10 group by deptno) and deptno=10 ; Q:24) Display the names of employees in Upper Case? Ans: select upper(ename) from emp; Q:25) Display the names of employees in Lower Case? Ans: select Lower(ename) from emp; Q:26) Display the names of employees in Proper case? Ans: select InitCap(ename)from emp; Q:27) Find the length of your name using Appropriate Function? Ans: select lentgh('SRINIVASARAO') from dual; Q:28) Display the length of all the employee names? Ans: select length(ename) from emp; Q:29) Display the name of employee Concatinate with Employee Number? Ans: select ename||' '||empno from emp; Q:30) Use appropriate function and extract 3 characters starting from 2 characters from the following string 'Oracle' i.e., the out put should be ac? Ans: select substr('Oracle',3,2) from dual; Q:31) Find the first occurance of character a from the following string Computer Maintenance Corporation? Ans: select lstr('Computer Maintenance Corporation','a' ) from dual; Q:32) Replace every occurance of alphabet A with B in the string .Alliens (Use Translate function)? Ans: select translate('Alliens','A','B') from Dual; Q:33) Display the information from the employee table . where ever job Manager is found it should be displayed as Boss?

Ans: select ename ,replace(job,'MANAGER','BOSS') from emp; Q:34) Display empno,ename,deptno from emp table. Instead of display department numbers display the related department name(Use decode function)? Ans: select empno,ename,deptno,Decode(deptno,10,'ACC OUNTING'

, 20,'RESEARCH',30,'SALES','OPERATIONS')DName from emp; Q:35) Display your Age in Days? Ans: select sysdate-to_date('30-jul-1977') from dual; Q:36) Display your Age in Months? Ans: select months_between(sysdate,to_date('30-jul1977')) from dual;

Q:37) Display current date as 15th August Friday Nineteen Nienty Seven? Ans: select To_char(sysdate,'ddth Month Day year') from dual; Q:38) Display the following output for each row from emp table? Ans: Q:39 Q:39) Scott has joined the company on 13th August ninteen ninety? Ans: select empno,ename,to_char(Hiredate,'Day ddth Month year') from emp; Q:40) Find the nearest Saturday after Current date? Ans: select next_day(sysdate,'Saturday') from dual; Q:41) Display the current time? Ans: select To_Char(sysdate,'HH:MI:SS') from dual; Q:42) Display the date three months before the Current date? Ans: select Add_months(sysdate,-3) from dual; Q:43) Display the common jobs from department number 10 and 20? Ans: select job from emp where job in (select job from emp where deptno=20) and deptno=10; Q:44) Display the jobs found in department 10 and 20 Eliminate duplicate jobs? Ans: select Distinct job from emp where deptno in(10,20); Q:45) Display the jobs which are unique to department 10? Ans: select job from emp where deptno=10; Q:46) Display the details of those employees who do not have any person working under him?

Ans: select empno,ename,job from emp where empno not in (select mgr from emp where mgr is not null ); Q:47)Display the details of those employees who are in sales department and grade is 3? Ans: select e.ename,d.dname,grade from emp e,dept d ,salgrade where e.deptno=d.deptno and dname='SALES' and grade=3; Q:48) Display those who are not managers? Ans: select ename from emp where job! ='MANAGER'; Q:49) Display those employees whose name contains not less than 4 characters? Ans: select ename from emp where length(ename)>=4; Q:50) Display those department whose name start with"S" while location name ends with "K"? Ans: select e.ename,d.loc from emp e ,dept d where d.loc like('%K') and ename like('S%'); Q:51) Display those employees whose manager name is Jones? Ans: select e.ename Superior,e1.ename Subordinate from emp e,e1 where e.empno=e1.mgr and e.ename='JONES'; Q:52) Display those employees whose salary is more than 3000 after giving 20% increment? Ans: select ename,sal,(sal+(sal*0.20)) from emp where (sal+(sal*0.20))>3000; Q:53) Display all employees with their department names? Ans: select e.ename,d.dname from emp e, dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno; Q:54) Display ename who are working in sales department? Ans: select e.ename,d.dname from emp e,dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and d.dname='SALES'; Q:56) Display employee name,dept name,salary,and commission for those sal in between 2000 to 5000 while location is Chicago?

Ans: Select e.ename,d.dname,e.sal,e.comm from emp e,dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and sal between 2000 and 5000; Q:57) Display those employees whose salary is greater than his managers salary? Ans: Select e.ename,e.sal,e1.ename,e1.sal from emp e,e1 where e.mgr=e1.empno and e.sal>e1.sal; Q:58) Display those employees who are working in the same dept where his manager is work? Ans: select e.ename,e.deptno,e1.ename,e1.deptno from emp e,e1 where e.mgr=e1.empno and e.deptno=e1.deptno; Q:59) Display those employees who are not working under any Manager? Ans: select ename from emp where mgr is null; Q:60) Display the grade and employees name for the deptno 10 or 30 but grade is not 4 while joined the company before 31-DEC-82? Ans: select ename,grade,deptno,sal from emp ,salgrade where ( grade,sal) in ( select grade,sal from salgrade,emp where sal between losal and hisal) and grade!=4 and deptno in (10,30) and hiredate<'31-Dec-82'; Q:61) Update the salary of each employee by 10% increment who are not eligible for commission? Ans: update emp set sal= (sal+(sal*0.10)) where comm is null; Q:62) Delete those employees who joined the company before 31-Dec-82 while their department Location is New York or Chicago? Ans: select e.ename,e.hiredate,d.loc from emp e,dept d where

e.deptno=d.deptno and hiredate<'31-Dec-82' and d.loc in('NEW YORK','CHICAGO'); Q:63) Display employee name ,job,deptname,loc for all who are working as manager? Ans: select e.ename,e.job,d.dname,d.loc from emp e,dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and e.empno in (select mgr from emp where mgr is not null); Q:64) Display those employees whose manager name is jones and also display their manager name? Ans: select e.ename sub,e1.ename from emp e,e1 where e.mgr=e1.empno and e1.ename='JONES'; Q:65) Display name and salary of ford if his salary is equal to hisal of his grade? Ans: select ename,grade,hisal,sal from emp,salgrade where ename='FORD' and sal=hisal; OR select grade,sal,hisal from emp,salgrade where ename='FORD' and sal between losal and hisal; OR select ename,sal,hisal,grade from emp,salgrade where ename='FORD' and (grade,sal) in (select grade,hisal from salgrade,emp where sal between losal and hisal); Q66) Display employee name ,job,deptname,his manager name ,his grade and make an under department wise? Ans: select e.ename sub,e1.ename sup,e.job,d.dname ,grade from emp e,e1,salgrade,dept d where e.mgr=e1.empno and e.sal between losal and hisal and e.deptno=d.deptno group by d.deptno,e.ename,e1.ename,e.job,d.dname,grade; OR select e.ename sub,e1.ename sup,e.job,d.dname ,grade from emp e,e1,salgrade,tvsdept d where

e.mgr=e1.empno and e.sal between losal and hisal and e.deptno=d.deptno; Q:67) List out all the employee names ,job,salary,grade and deptname for every one in a company except 'CLERK' . Sort on salary display the highest salary? Ans: select e.ename ,e.job,e.sal,d.dname ,grade from emp e,salgrade,dept d where (e.deptno=d.deptno and e.sal between losal and hisal ) order by e.sal desc;

Q:68) Display employee name,job abd his manager .Display also employees who are with out managers? Ans: select e.ename ,e1.ename,e.job,e.sal,d.dname from emp e,e1,dept d where e.mgr=e1.empno(+) and e.deptno=d.deptno; Q:69) Display Top 5 employee of a Company? Ans: Q:70) Display the names of those employees who are getting the highest salary? Ans: select ename,sal from emp where sal in (select max(sal) from emp);

Q:71) Display those employees whose salary is equal to average of maximum and minimum? Ans: select * from emp where sal=(select (max(sal)+min(sal))/2 from emp); Q:72) Select count of employees in each department where count >3? Ans: select count(*) from emp group by deptno having count(*)>3 Q:73) Display dname where atleast three are working and display only deptname? Ans: select d.dname from dept d, emp e where e.deptno=d.deptno group by d.dname having count(*)>3; Q:74) Display name of those managers name whose salary is more than average salary of Company? Ans: select distinct e1.ename,e1.sal from emp e,e1,dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and e.mgr=e1.empno and e1.sal> (select avg(sal) from emp); Q:75) Display those managers name whose salary is more than average salary salary of his employees? Ans: select distinct e1.ename,e1.sal from emp e,e1,dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and e.mgr=e1.empno and e1.sal>any (select avg(sal) from emp group by deptno); Q:76) Display employee name,sal,comm and netpay for those employees whose netpay is greater than or equal to any other employee salary of the company? Ans: select ename,sal,NVL(comm,0),sal+NVL(comm,0) from emp where sal+NVL(comm,0) >any (select e.sal from emp e );

Q:77) Display those employees whose salary is less than his manager but more than salary of other managers? Ans: select e.ename sub,e.sal from emp e,e1,dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and e.mgr=e1.empno and e.sal<e1.sal and e.sal >any (select e2.sal from emp e2, e,dept d1 where e.mgr=e2.empno and d1.deptno=e.deptno); Q:78) Display all employees names with total sal of company with each employee name? Ans: Q:79) Find the last 5(least) employees of company? Ans: Q:80) Find out the number of employees whose salary is greater than their managers salary? Ans: select e.ename,e.sal,e1.ename,e1.sal from emp e,e1,dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and e.mgr=e1.empno and e.sal>e1.sal; Q:81) Display the manager who are not working under president but they are working under any other manager? Ans: select e2.ename from emp e1,emp e2,emp e3 where e1.mgr=e2.empno and e2.mgr=e3.empno and e3.job!='PRESIDENT'; Q:82) Delete those department where no employee working? Ans: delete from emp where empno is null; Q:83) Delete those records from emp table whose deptno not available in dept table? Ans: delete from emp e where e.deptno not in (select deptno from dept); Q:84) Display those enames whose salary is out of grade available in salgrade table? Ans: select empno,sal from emp where sal<(select min(LOSAL) from salgrade )

OR sal>(select max(hisal) from salgrade); Q:85) Display employee name,sal,comm and whose netpay is greater than any other in the company? Ans: select ename,sal,comm,sal+comm from emp where sal+comm>any (select sal+comm from emp ); Q:86) Display name of those employees who are going to retire 31-Dec-99 if maximum job period is 30 years? Ans: select empno, hiredate,sysdate, to_char(sysdate,'yyyy') to_char(hiredate,'yyyy') from emp where to_char(sysdate,'yyyy') to_char(hiredate,'yyyy')=30; Q:87) Display those employees whose salary is odd value? Ans: select ename ,sal from emp where mod(sal,2)!=0; Q:88) Display those employees whose salary contains atleast 3 digits? Ans: select ename,sal from emp where length(sal)=3; Q:89) Display those employees who joined in the company in the month of Dec? Ans: Select empno,ename from emp where trim(to_char(hiredate,'Mon'))=trim('DEC'); Q:90) Display those employees whose name contains A? Ans: select ename from emp where ename like('%A%'); Q:91) Display those employees whose deptno is available in salary? Ans: select ename,sal from emp where deptno in (select distinct sal from emp); Q:92) Display those employees whose first 2 characters from hiredate - last 2 characters sal?

Ans: select empno,hiredate,sal from emp where trim(substr(hiredate,1,2))=trim(substr(sal,-2,2)); or select hiredate,sal from emp where to_Char(hiredate,'dd')=trim(substr(sal,-2,2)); Q:93) Display those employeess whose 10% of salary is equal to the year joining? Ans: select ename ,sal,0.10*sal from emp where 0.10*sal=trim(to_char(hiredate,'yy')); Q:94) Display those employees who are working in sales or research? Ans: select e.ename from emp e ,dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and d.dname in('SALES','RESEARCH'); Q:95) Display the grade of jones? Ans: select ename,grade from emp,salgrade where ( grade,sal) = (select grade,sal from salgrade,emp where sal between losal and hisal and ename='JONES'); Q:96) Display those employees who joined the company before 15th of the month? Ans: select ename ,hiredate from emp where hiredate<'15-Jul-02' and hiredate >='01-jul-02'; Q:97) Display those employees who has joined before 15th of the month? Ans: select ename ,hiredate from emp where hiredate<'15-Jul-02' Q:98) Delete those records where no of employees in particular department is less than 3? Ans: delete from emp where deptno in (select deptno from emp group by deptno having count(*) <3 ; Q:99A) Delete those employeewho joined the company 10 years back from today? Ans: delete from emp where empno in (select empno from emp where to_char(sysdate,'yyyy')to_char(hiredate,'yyyy')>=10);

Q:99B) Display the deptname the number of characters of which is equal to no of employee in any other department? Ans: Q:100) Display the deptname where no employee is working? Ans: select deptno from emp where empno is null;

Q:101) Display those employees who are working as manager? Ans: select e2.ename from emp e1,e2 where e1.mgr=e2.empno and e2.empno is not null; Q:102) Count th number of employees who are working as managers (Using set opetrator)? Ans: select d.dname from dept d where length(d.dname) in (select count(*) from emp e where e.deptno!=d.deptno group by e.deptno);

Q:103) Display the name of the dept those employees who joined the company on the same date? Ans: select a.ename,b.ename from emp a,emp b where a.hiredate=b.hiredate and a.empno! =b.empno; Q:104) Display those employees whose grade is equal to any number of sal but not equal to first number of sal? Ans: select ename,sal,grade ,substr(sal,grade,1) from emp,salgrade where grade!=substr(sal,1,1) and grade = substr(sal,grade,1) and sal between losal and hisal; Q:105) Count the no of employees working as manager using set operation? Ans: Select count(empno) from emp where empno in (select a.empno from emp a intersect select b.mgr from emp b); Q:106) Display the name of employees who joined the company on the same date? Ans: select a.ename,b.ename from emp a,emp b where a.hiredate=b.hiredate and a.empno! =b.empno; Q:107) Display the manager who is having maximum number of employees working under him? Ans: select e2.ename,count(*) from emp e1,e2 where e1.mgr=e2.empno group by e2.ename Having count(*)=(select max(count(*)) from emp e1,e2 where e1.mgr=e2.empno group by e2.ename); Q:108) List out the employee name and salary increased by 15% and express as whole number of Dollars? Ans: select ename,sal,lpad(translate(sal,sal,((sal +(sal*0.15))/50)),5,'$') from emp; Q:109) Produce the output of the emptable "EMPLOYEE_AND JOB" for ename and job ? Ans: select ename"EMPLOYEE_AND",job"JOB" FROM EMP; Q:110) Lust of employees with hiredate in the format of 'June 4 1988'? Ans: select ename,to_char(hiredate,'Month dd yyyy') from emp;

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Q:111) print list of employees displaying 'Just salary' if more than 1500 if exactly 1500 display 'on taget' if less than 1500 display below 1500? Ans: select ename,sal, ( case when sal < 1500 then 'Below_Target' when sal=1500 then 'On_Target' when sal > 1500 then 'Above_Target' else 'kkkkk' end ) from emp; Q:112) Which query to calculate the length of time any employee has been with the company Ans: select hiredate,to_char(hiredate,' HH:MI:SS') FROM emp; Q:113) Given a string of the format 'nn/nn' . Verify that the first and last 2 characters are numbers .And that the middle character is '/' Print the expressions 'Yes' IF valid 'NO' of not valid . Use the following values to test your solution'12/54',01/1a,'99/98'? Ans: Q:114) Employes hire on OR Before 15th of any month are paid on the last friday of that month those hired after 15th are paid the last friday of th following month .print a list of employees .their hiredate and first pay date sort those who se salary contains first digit of their deptno? Ans: select ename,hiredate, LAST_DAY ( next_day(hiredate,'Friday')), ( case when to_char(hiredate,'dd') <=('15') then LAST_DAY ( next_day(hiredate,'Friday')) when to_char(hiredate,'dd')>('15') then

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LAST_DAY( next_day(add_months(hiredate,1),'Friday')) end ) from emp; Q:115) Display those managers who are getting less than his employees salary? Ans: select a.empno,a.ename ,a.sal,b.sal,b.empno,b.ename from emp a, emp b where a.mgr=b.empno and a.sal>b.sal; Q:116) Print the details of employees who are subordinates to BLAKE? Ans: select a.empno,a.ename ,b.ename from emp a, emp b where a.mgr=b.empno and b.ename='BLAKE';

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