Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Objectives:
1) To show how the platinum resistance thermometer works and how to connect it correctly. 2) To show the linearity of the platinum resistance thermometer (PRT). 3) To prove that the platinum resistance thermometer is good for use as reference temperature sensor for all the other experiments.
Where: RT = Resistance at Temperature T Ro = Resistance at T = 0C = Temperature coefficient at T = 0C ((typically +0.00392//C)) = 1.49 (typical value for .00392 platinum) = 0 T>0 0. 11 (typical) T < 0
Ohms Law
In 1827, a physicist George Ohm published his discovery that all electrical circuits obey a simple relationship: The current passing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage drop and inversely proportional to the resistance of the conductor. I= V/R Where: I= current V=voltage R=Resistance
3. Apparatus:
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT AND CALIBRATION (TD400), as shown.
It consist of electrical board which contain Wheatstone bridge, constant voltage connection, constant current connection, two digital screens and some resistors to substitute long in wires. Have eight different popular temperature measuring devices, and a thermo well to show temperature lag. Uses a platinum resistance thermometer as a reference to accurately calibrate the other devices. Shows how electrical resistance devices and thermocouples work, their characteristics and how to connect them correctly to reduce measurement errors. Includes liquid-in-glass thermometers with safe non-toxic liquid - no mercury. Built-in water heater tank with protective guard and drain tap for safe experiments. Works with TecQuipments Versatile Data Acquisition System for simple and reliable recording and processing of results Built-in pressure sensor (barometer) with display of local water boiling temperature.
4. Procedure
1. Create a blank results table as shown in table 1 Table 1: Blank results table Table (1): PRT Calibration Standard Measured Calculated Resistance Voltage Resistance from (mV) () Specification ()
Deviation ()
Error %
2. Connect reference sensor to its socket and connect the PRT to the millivoltmeter and the constant current source. Note that the PRT is connected as four wire device (see figure 1 and 2). 3. Set up the heater and ice box as follows: a) Disconnect the electrical supply b) Shut down the drain valve at the back of the heater tank c) Unscrew the lid of the heater tank and fill it with approximately 1.5 liters of clean water so that it is half full. d) Refit the lid of heater tank e) Add ice to the ice box and put its lid on. f) Make sure the heater switch is off and reconnect the electrical supply. g) Fit and adjust the black O rings to each device you are to use. Adjust the O rings so that each device is immersed in the heater tank water by between 70 mm and 80 mm. If necessary add more water to the heater tank. 4. Put the reference sensor and the PRT into the icebox (through the holes in its lid). Wait a few minutes for the reading to stabilize and record them (the reference temperature should be between 0 oC and 1 oC). 5. Now put the device into the heater tank (through the holes in its lid). Switch on the heater and note the reference temperature. 6. At interval of 10 oC (shown by the reference temperature), record the input 1 readings of the millivoltmeter. 7. Stop the experiment and switch off the heater when the reference temperature reaches 100 oC.
Deviation () 0.55 1.01 0.87 0.63 0.89 0.76 0.43 0.4 0.28 0.96 0.74 0.83 1.01 0.9 0.7 0.89 0.79 1.09
Error %
0.548082 0.937007 0.792855 0.564162 0.783382 0.657781 0.366051 0.335008 0.230795 0.778968 0.591243 0.653183 0.783006 0.687548 0.527108 0.660678 0.578289 0.786947
6. Conclusion:
The present results have shown the expected linearity of PRT.
7. Appendix:
o
100.00 100.39 100.78 101.17 101.56 101.95 102.34 102.73 103.12 103.51 103.90 104.29 104.68 105.07 105.46 105.85 106.24 106.63 107.02 107.40 107.79
108.18 108.57 108.96 109.35 109.73 110.12 110.51 110.90 111.29 111.67 111.67 112.06 112.83 113.22 113.61 114.00 114.38 114.77 115.15 115.54
115.93 116.31 116.70 117.08 117.47 117.86 118.24 118.63 119.01 119.40 119.78 120.17 120.55 120.93 121.32 121.71 122.09 122.47 122.86 123.24
123.63 124.01 124.39 124.77 125.16 125.54 125.93 126.31 126.69 127.07 127.46 127.84 128.22 128.61 128.99 129.37 129.75 130.13 130.52 130.90
131.28 131.66 132.04 132.42 132.80 133.18 133.57 133.95 134.32 134.71 135.09 135.47 135.85 136.23 136.61 136.99 137.37 137.75 138.13 138.51
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100