1.What is Sustainable development?

Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs 2.what is true sustainable development?

True sustainable development aims to provide the optimum use of natural resources with high degree of reusability, minimum wastage, least generation of toxic byproducts and maximum productivity.
3.what are the significance of sustainable development?

a.Developing appropriate technology. b. Reduce , reuse, recycle of natural resources c. Providing environmental education and awareness. d. Consumption of renewable resources . 4.Whay is Unsustainable development? Unsustainable development occurs when present progress is at the expense of future generations. For example, irresponsible planning, environmental degradation through exploitation of resources etc. generates waste and pollution that damages ecosystems..
5.what are the causes of Urbanisation?

Cities are main centers of economic growth, trade, transportation, education, medical facilities and employment. 6.what is meant by rain water harvesting? a.Rain water harvesting is a technique of capturing and storing of rain water for further utilization. b. Rain water harvesting comprises of storage of water and water recharging through the technical process. 7.what are the objectives of rain water harvesting? Rain water harvesting comprises of storage of water and water recharging through the technical process. To meet our demand.

To arrest ground water decline and augment ground water table To beneficiate water quality in aquifers. To conserve surface water runoff during monsoon. 8.what are the advantages of rain water? Reduces the cost for pumping of ground water. Rise in ground water levels. Provides high quality water, soft and low in minerals Reduces soil erosion. 9. Give any two methods oe rain water harvesting. 1. Surface runoff harvesting . 2. Roof top rainwater harvesting. 10.what is meant by watershed management? Watershed management is a term used to describe the process of implementing land use practices and water management practices to protect and improve the quality of the water and other natural resources within a watershed by managing the use of those land and water resources in a comprehensive manner.

11.what are the objectives of water management? To minimize the soil erosion. To rise the ground water level. To conserve land and water resources. To improve the economy by generating employment opportunities
12.what is resettlement?

simple relocation or displacement of human population 13.what is rehabitation? Rehabilation makes the system to work again by allowing, system to function naturally. It includes replacing the lost economic assets, Safeguard Employment, Provide safe land for building Repair damaged infrastructure. 14.How environmental ethics ? Environmental ethics refers to the issues, principles and guidelines relating to human interactions with their environment.
15.Give any four problems of Environmental Deforestation Population growth

 Pollution due to effluent and smoke Water scarcity 16what is Global Warming?

CO2 and water vapour present in the atmosphere absorb the IR radiations and sent back as heat into the earths surface. This heat trapping process of atmospheric CO2 and water vapour is called global warming 17.what are the effects of Global Warming? Natural fires: Sea level rise: Agriculture : Water resources: Terrestrial ecosystems: Human Health: Heat Waves:

18.List out Controll of Global warming? Plant more trees. Usage of fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum for energy production must be controlled. Implement of non-conventional energy sources such as wind, solar, biogas, nuclear and hydropower must be followed. Emission of CO2 and Chlorofluorocarbons must be controlled. Using Unleaded petrol in automobiles. 19.How Acid rain forms?Give the reaction. Plant more trees. Usage of fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum for energy production must be controlled. Implement of non-conventional energy sources such as wind, solar, biogas, nuclear and hydropower must be followed. Emission of CO2 and Chlorofluorocarbons must be controlled. Using Unleaded petrol in automobiles. Acid rain is due to the precipitation of CO2, SO2, and NO2 gases as pollutants in water. Rain water becomes acidic due to the dissolution of atmospheric carbondioxide. The acidity of rain water increases more when it passess through the air polluted with oxides of sulphur and nitrogen. 2 SO2 + O2 + 2 H2O NO2 + O2 + 2 H2O 2H2SO4 2HNO3

Oxides of sulphur and nitrogen react with the moisture of water vapour to form sulphuric acid and nitric acid.

20.what are the impacts of Acid rain? Acid rain causes a number of harmful effects. The effects are as follows. Effect on Human beings: Acid rain makes water unsuitable for human consumption. . It also causes premature death from heart and lung disorders. Effect on Materials: Acid rain causes damage to building and material like marble, limestone, mortar etc. Corrosion occurs in the buildings Effect on terrestrial and Lake Ecosystem Reduces rate of photosynthesis and increased the occurrence of drought and diseases. Reduces the growth of crops. Effects on Vegetation: The plant nutrients like calcium, potassium and magnesium are leached out of the soil by acid rain and affects the growth of plants and trees. Also micro-organisms and earth worms in the soil are reduced. This reduces the fertility of the soil and the crop yield.

Effect of acid rain on environment: Acidification of soil, ground water, surface water takes place.Also the ecosystem and materials are get affected. 21.what are the techniques involved in Acid rain? Clean combustion technologies Using pollution control equipments to reduce the emission of SO2 and NO2. Replacement of coal by natural gas Liming of lakes and soils. 22.What do you mean by Ozone Layer depletion? Ozone layer was attacked by chlorofluorocarbons which are released into atmosphere by refrigerator, air conditioners, etc. Chlorofluorocarbons undergoesphotodissociation to release chlorine which breaks ozone into oxygen.

CFC + h

Cl

Cl

+ O3

ClO + O2 Cl + O2

ClO + O

Each chlorine atom is capable of attacking several ozone molecule. Thus, a chain reaction is set up and thousands of ozone molecules are destroyed. The depletion of ozone layer leads to the formation of ozone hole. 23.what are the impacts of Ozone Layer depletion?

Effect on Human Health: Effect on Aquatic system: Effect on Materials: Effect on Climate: 24. Control of Ozone Depletion: Release of CFCs must be controlled. Manufacturing and using of ozone depleting substances must be controlled. 25.What are the types of waste land?
There are two types of lands, 1. Uncultivable waste land 2. Cultivable waste land 26.what are the causes of waste land formation? Construction of dams. Construction of dams. Growing demands for fuel, fodder wood and food causes degradation and loss of soil productivity. Over-exploitation of natural resources and over grazing Toxic effluent discharged from sewage and industrial wastes 27.What are the methods of waste land reclamation? Drainage: Leaching: Irrigation practices;

Providing ground water: 28.What are the sources of wastes? Glass, papers, garbages, food waste, automobile waste, dead animals etc.

E Waste Computers, printers, mobile phones, Xerox machines, calculators etc. 29.what are the effects of waste Dangerous to human life Degrade soil Cadmium in chips, Cathode ray tube, PVC causes cancer and other respiratory problems. Non biodegradable plastics reduce toxic gases. 30.How can control the consumer waste? The following are used to control the waste products. (i)Avoiding generation of wastes at the source (ii)Use of plastic must be banned (iii)Using eco-friendly items (iv)Reuse,Recovery,and recycling the waste products.

Agriculture :