1 Dr. P.V.

Divya- Lecture on shear strength of soils

Shear strength of soils

Lecture : Dr. P.V. Divya - C2 slot - - Unit IV

2 Dr. P.V. Divya- Lecture on shear strength of soils

Soils generally fail in shear

Embankment Strip footing

Shear failure of soils

Failure surface Mobilized shear resistance

At failure, shear stress along the failure surface (mobilized shear resistance) reaches the shear strength.

3 Dr. P.V. Divya- Lecture on shear strength of soils

Shear failure of soils

Soils generally fail in shear

Retaining wall

4 Dr. P.V. Divya- Lecture on shear strength of soils

Shear failure of soils

Soils generally fail in shear

Retaining wall

Mobilized shear resistance Failure surface

At failure, shear stress along the failure surface (mobilized shear resistance) reaches the shear strength.

5 Dr. P.V. Divya- Lecture on shear strength of soils

Shear failure mechanism

The soil grains slide over each other along the failure surface No crushing of individual grains. At failure, shear stress along the failure surface () reaches the shear strength (f).

Stress-system with principal planes

6 Dr. P.V. Divya- Lecture on shear strength of soils

Principal planes parallel to co-ordinate axes : At every point in a stressed body, there are three planes on which shear stresses are zero. These planes are known as principal planes. Major principal plane:- Plane with maximum compressive stress, (1) Minor principal plane:- Plane with minimum compressive stress, (3) Intermediate principal plane:- Plane with intermediate compressive stress, (2)

7 Dr. P.V. Divya- Lecture on shear strength of soils

Stresses on inclined plane

Axial stress + confining pr.

Only axial stress

8 Dr. P.V. Divya- Lecture on shear strength of soils

Stresses on inclined plane AB

1 Resolving the forces acting on the wedge ABC in the horizontal direction: 3 BC = AB sin AB cos (1) It can be written as : 3 sin = sin cos (a) Resolving the forces acting on the wedge ABC in the vertical direction: 1 AC = AB cos + AB sin (2) It can be written as : 1 cos = cos + sin (b) Multiplying Eq. (a) by cos and Eq. (b) by sin and subtracting, we get 3 A B C 3

9 Dr. P.V. Divya- Lecture on shear strength of soils

Shear stress , =

1 3 = Sin 2 2

Substituting the above value of in eq. (a) the normal stress,

1 + 3 1 3 + Cos 2 = 2 2

The above equations gives the stresses on inclined plane AB

10 Dr. P.V. Divya- Lecture on shear strength of soils

Stress analysis by Mohrs circle

11 Dr. P.V. Divya- Lecture on shear strength of soils

12 Dr. P.V. Divya- Lecture on shear strength of soils

Mohr Circle of stress

1' 3'

(, )
2

3'

1' + 3'
2

1'

PD = Pole w.r.t. plane

13 Dr. P.V. Divya- Lecture on shear strength of soils

Mohr-Coulomb Failure Criterion (in terms of total stresses)

f = c + tan

Cohesion Friction angle

f is the maximum shear stress the soil can take without failure, under normal stress of .

14 Dr. P.V. Divya- Lecture on shear strength of soils

Mohr-Coulomb Failure Criterion (in terms of effective stresses)

f = c'+ ' tan '

Effective cohesion Effective friction angle

' = u
u = pore water pressure

f is the maximum shear stress the soil can take without failure, under normal effective stress of .

15 Dr. P.V. Divya- Lecture on shear strength of soils

Mohr-Coulomb Failure Criterion

Shear strength consists of two components: cohesive and frictional.

f c

f = c'+ ' f tan '

f tan c f '
frictional component

Mohr Circles & Failure Envelope

16 Dr. P.V. Divya- Lecture on shear strength of soils

Failure surface

f = c'+ ' tan '

Y X

X Soil elements at different locations

Y ~ stable X ~ failure

Mohr Circles & Failure Envelope

17 Dr. P.V. Divya- Lecture on shear strength of soils

The soil element does not fail if the Mohr circle is contained within the envelope GL

c
Y

c
Initially, Mohr circle is a point

c+

Mohr Circles & Failure Envelope

18 Dr. P.V. Divya- Lecture on shear strength of soils

As loading progresses, Mohr circle becomes larger

GL

c
Y

c c
.. and finally failure occurs when Mohr circle touches the envelope

19 Dr. P.V. Divya- Lecture on shear strength of soils

Orientation of Failure Plane

Failure envelope

(90 )

(, f)

3'

1' + 3'
2

1'

Therefore, 90 + =

PD = Pole w.r.t. plane = 45 + /2

20 Dr. P.V. Divya- Lecture on shear strength of soils

Mohr Coulomb failure criterion with Mohr circle of stress

(, f) Failure envelope

3'

1' + 3'
2

1'

' ' = tan 45 + + 2c' tan 45 + 2 2

' 1 ' 3 2

Failure envelopes in terms of total & effective stresses v u v X h

21 Dr. P.V. Divya- Lecture on shear strength of soils

If X is on failure

Failure envelope in terms of effective stresses

effective stresses

Failure envelope in terms of total stresses

total stresses

c c

v h

or