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HORRIBLE SCIENCE
THIS BOOK
BELONGS TO:
USCHOLAST I C
()

<ao
DEAR READER ...
Welcome to your
HORRIBLE SCIENCE ANNUAL 2013 ...
and what a slimy, creepy, star-studded
and chemically chaotic book it is.
Inside, you can visit a cave full of bat
poo, a lab full of lunacy and a dump
where cars get crumpled.
Plus you can learn how to squawk like
a bird, make a spud sprout
disgusting shoots, shine stars on your
ceiling and nip across the universe
in no time at all!
WARNING: it's magnetically charged,
unputdownable FUN!
CONTENTS
MAO MAGNETISM
Freak-y Forte
Crazy Car Cru,her
Might)
Choco Dynamo
Lights & Fnghts
Puulco
CRAZY CHEMISTRY
Bubble, Bubble. Toil and Troubk
Comical Chemicals
Lab Lunill')
Whitt'' Co<>king'!
Your 01\ n Slime

FREAKY FLAPPERS
1-un
Aw c'<>mc haglc
Bird Bonkers
Make a Squawky Bird Ci!ll
Puzzle>
Bad Bat Cctvc
GRUESOME GREENERY
WildWood
Freak) Three
Greedy Garden
Gro" Potllto Tongues
'Orrid Orchd
Puzzles
C RAZ.Y COSMOS
Staggcrtng Space
Super Star 'Scope'
Creepy Contilct
Puzzles
Milke a Brilliam Astro Box
Weird Wormhole
PUZZLE ANSWERS
6
8
10
12
14
15
16
19
20
:!2
24
26
:!7
30
32
34
35
36
38
41
4:!
-4
.l6
4S
49
50
52
55
56
58
60
FREAKY FORCE
Finding this Issue hard to put dawn? Maybe it's the invisible magnetic force
coming from the pages! Dlscoverino how to use this mysterious force has made
the world the amazinoly motorised place we live in today.
E
leclttc motor., generator., 'The 'plane'
n, and computer') >terns .. the) ull u-.e 01\, -.o C\CT) atom ;, magnetic and u""l!
magneti>m' But \\hat IS tl
1
metal, "oth lhc mo'l atom, of all
eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeee ha' helped u' make am:ving machine<.
Mighty :. of" hich. fanq making a plane'!
FACT FILE e Onl) a tiD) teensy one. but fun just the
e lht 8ASIC
I Maqnerkm Is madt by maqnes (oc:h a1nm n a :
e magnelic material k h>elf a tiny maQnot e
e e
e 7 Magnetism Is the force as rile elcrrlc foce e
e made by electmn< Nl\ITI ng around tho atnmle nucleu< e
4! llle po;h sct;nllfle n"' for the loo<:< Is e
e electmmagnetl<m le lock 100 magnetism) '
: 5. What 1111s means Is that evorv atom Is VIIJ'Y '
0
slightly magnetic
9
l t.
;t., .. tlo
e tutOII rNidllt by .. .,0. Gil
. .......... ' . .
e e

0 THf SHOCK NG 1/ITAILS e
DARE YOU DISCOVER
how to make a masnetic plane?
You will need:
, piece or tir.sue

etklkv tape


8
thin eteel pin
tl mQAMI ( r.hould
be fiG sttong as
por.llible - c.>t you
ooukt u"t twVflfal
All VOtJ do is
l 'k.ry car.fu ly push me pin
thrU\Igh The paper soh looks
l'ke a plane (the p>per
being 111e Wing)
mapts: in a tinfl} 2 lie the thread 10 the head
a p;oce of th,..ad of 111e pin.
L
_3_a..n _ ... "' _n& __ ""'-' 5 Tape the Md of lhe 1hread
1o the side of 1h !able.
4! Question S..r If a oms are magnetic and oc>ms :
e """ywhere. how COm! e.otyrhlng Isn't lfognertcl e
G How come you''" not stuck to your bed n he e
4 Move rile magneT 10 l11e plane and rry ro male
h fly wit hout 1 ouch ng iT
e morning' lNo. yoo reno! -It lust llf!S lll.eiiU e
e
. -- .......... _.... .
o e
G e
e e

e
e I " "' e
e e
e Ughtly' magnerle lbu only nolee e
: lon:e If many blllons or slrQhrlv magnerc f.
e atoms "'11'-'W
8
eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
6
Vilta do YOU

a) I YllU moeti>o mogner a Nay from The
J:la'le 11 !.teos on fit, g.
bJ The closer The maqne is TO he D
1
>ne he
be rer It fl!s
cl""' ""'l"' wl1 Ol'lv worl t 1 sa cerr:>n
way nlund Ct>oc< , . .,, '1dfog on page 6J

The inside stor14
H<m do ) ou hnc up all tho'<! atoms? Sun:ly
} ou d need a tin) pair of tweezer; and loads of
patience and 11 "ould >tiU take for .,,cr!
TtOE 'S G01 TO l'f
NJ EASIEP. wAt
Well. }ou'H be pleased to kno" rhar nbldc a
magnerthh hnmg up i> done narurall) b) tho>e
nice helpful mom,.
1
1nSIJc ol magnet the atoms line up 10 form
liulc i'><"es (about 0.1 mm acn"s) culled
domains (doe-mains). Inside these boxe' the
elecrrons c<1n combine their forces 10 make
'"hat we call iJ mug.ncLic rorcc.
2
A magnet has l"O ends called north and
'-C..lUih ruh:,. Here their magnctk fun.:c h
T\o like magneric pole, (nonh
nonh or south->OUthl al"ays repel - the) push
against each other. r"o unlike poles (north
south) ai\\U)' aurae! pulllo\\.arJs cad other
....... .._
......... bot
Bet y01..1 heVer knew!
lbu can ck>.lrov 1te power of a magnet by l.tllnQ
h matlfte t<:!U>' word sciemistSlJIII tO do.soi>e the
,..,... of clt:ro3qretbtlg It such as by ho.ttn;
It soord; Wlfstet ln8 some dl!adf\11 I'I'UOlr
m tf h w.,. O'ime. wuu1d you know how to'""' fll
7
DARE YOU DISCOVER ...
if masnetism works underwater?
-_, (No you dort need a dlv r>q $Uh
You Wl11 need: for this experiment!l
t
. of \1118ftt

0
-enet Al
1
you do Is
P"f>"'clip I Pluptheclipinlothewater
2 C.ref\JIIy place tile magnet up
against rhe outside of the qt1s
3 Now try to usa the maq0&1to bring 1he paper eli!>
to 1he top of the ;'ss wtthou101Jehjng the p.- dlp
ard ..tthoor getrtn; rhe magnet
Wha1 do VOIJ not !eel
aJ a's easy
bJ lbucanl move the POIN' dtt> ar A
'
cJ lbe ell!> only ""l> when VOtl hold lte rnagne1'
OYer the ""a'er - l)fmomq that magnetism worl!
through wllar but nut tlvouqh gloss.
Check wht you flrd OIJ' on page 60

A forceful tllle
Magnet> ha\C a long hi,lol). According 1t1
legend. in 2.)00 nc a Chinese emperor
used a mck conrammg magnetile (al>o called
lodestone. or stone) 10 guide hh
army through thtck fog .
lie prob:lbl} used a ,Ji,er of the rock hung
from a thread . \lagnctllc " natur.!ll)
so a 'liver of it poinb nnrth. which means can
be used to make a compass.
leabhJ IJ n; Po"bl (hJthar AthJ ( loJth
Dl.b' 1 Cry Pub;, Libraes
Magnets con lift cars! This marvellously
magnetic recycling centre uses magnetism
to move mangled motors.
---
1. When a CCI' needs to be 1l-oshed, that
<loe9n't have to be 1he end of ;t. Mo<;t of
a ca- - be - I>Oirly 1he oetol.
Me<Mnic:9 droon - oil em peltd
em 11>e bottery <l'1d
' e-p;cked '4' ,."fh a
Wei, "'"'lift '4' a
co-! They '""' .. td ooill> <lOis
looped .nsode W.... an
e!eefl;c Nftnt " 1lt'<>U!#> 1he -
they sudderly- ""'"rN -l;.
Thelr on 1he 1he
.. 11>e ......,. of em 11>e Clr!'enf's
voltQ9e. The electhe;ty can be tu-ned on
<l'1d off ... 11> 1he !liCk of Q w 1he
- pick '4' hu9e <l'1d
ll>en - fUCkJ - '*"'> the.
<t. Ne,t, 1he CCI' 19 streddod in <1 _,.;ter
-"'ne Into llffie bll; (<tal.
5. II ha'909hoo In 1he dr-uoo at 1he
end of 11>e belt picks
'fem>Y9' ... SIJCh OS il'>
em rteel <5al, ...M. 11>e '!Mf'
(51>) fdl$ onto 0 slop
'- conll-og dso !tao 1:.'-tohen
Bela .. sk-ed<led, flidge$
<l'1d fr.Mftt9 1he ,.,. ..
c:ool<olt ct-cwied ft... ""'
., N>bitl> p9 on to a c:orNeyCr
belt !Yal It f"*e<; urockt- anoll>er
troJ...;.ocn .,a., ... td tood <l'1d dritks c:ans
and OTher ,......,.,.

MIGHTY MOTORS
Clean, powerful and fairly quiet... electric motors power all sorts
of things, from the washing machine that cleans the grime off your
football strip to the power drill used to fix the bed frame you broke
when you jumped up and down on it!
T
he only time anyone notices electric
motors is when they don't work or give
their owners a nasty shock. But did you
know lhat electric motors depend on
magnetism and electricity working together?
The force from an electric current can make a
move and this is exactly the principle
hchind an electric motor. Wanna know rnore'!
10
Dare HOU discover ...
' how masnetic forces wor k?
1
TWO magr.ets I All you do Is.
---- Put the magntts close together
4 1, What happens..?
)
G , ft! , ) aJ The magnets spring
r --, '\. apart or pull together.
depending on which way round they ate.
b) lhe magnet< are always drawn together
c) rhe magnets can be plced 1oge1h,.. and you don! '
>
feel any force between them.
-sa:>AOJ UN.o Aq pa4snd aJe
SUO.u;,O@ OM.J .l!Snr 3JC OO(I5CWI U'e:l
noA ue<te il4! U&\i.M (B
'
When the magnets pull together you can imagine
they're like an elecrron and a nucleus. lhls time their
forces pull them togerho..r! (It\ all to do whh complex '
lnteracrklns between the two forcesJ
1
.,,,11'1 li'
II I
Dead brainiJ
In the earh l'lth ccntur..the race was on to

combine dectt!Ctl) nnd magnetism to make
a workmg de<tnc motor Th.: t>a.si.: ide<!""'
thought up in 11\21 h) \ltchad Faraday. H.:
built a machine to show th1s- and so created
the fiN "' cr elcctnc motor. In a 'coop for
Horrible Scten.:e. we''e actuall) persuaded the
h'TCat ).cicnll't him".:1r tu c\plain ho\\ lt \\'or"-'
(This is quite ama7mg smce he's been dead for
well over I 00 years! 1
1 111.\1 A
CAA11. YIM:I All
flfC111.tc
''IUD SW!!<I.'t
AACOJil A MAGf,fl
Spot the electric
Which of tht>se familiar household objects
'-"Ontams an ckl:lril: motor?
MUM!
4.
,, 8LOW! I;,
You gue"ed 1t - all of them!
t
E'er wondcn.'<l wh) lndgcs and frcco.:rs hum'/
Chcm><als an: pumped around a at the
ha..it (causutg a hwnJ, which creates a cooling
effect Thts p1pe
then pa.'>.'leS mto the
main bit.
2
1n a
ffil&;nl\\:1\'C
O\en. fOOl)''
on t
tumlablc driven b) ,
an c lcclric motor.
The motnr also drives a fan which helps to
retJe<t microwa\oC" onl(J the fooc.J.
3
TheCD
pla)cr
U"'-'.:s a la'l.'T
beam to '"an
IJD) pih
-'1F A<IJ
IV9IIt.G ,.; Al>lST
tAO! 011{11.
ro.J..!, If 10J
IOXtf r. W!F
YO.J\1. GO A
IIAST'I 91XK
on the
undel"idc of n dtsc as us spun around h) an
electrh.: motor.
He called th" 'homopolar motor'. We just
call it 'brilliant'. But madlor-magnetism
Michael didn't 'top then:. He went on to prove
that the made O} bancrics
and static \\as all baSically the same thing.
Electrictt) had got motoring.
11
4
1n'ldC a hatrdl)cr is a coil of wire that gets
h<iltcd up h) an electric current. A fan,
dn\cn by Jll
e lectric motor.
blows air O\cr
the coil Voila
hot au'
Welcome Dr Chocolato's amazing boutique
of sickly treats! How does this cruel chocolate
maker use magnetlsm to power it all? Well,
the Idea Is awful - but the science Is sweet!
TtiC SHOP
1. Dr Chocclloto'g hondih!l out tree 09
111e kldi flock to his gl,op. tie's cle<rty ..aki119
o bundle, "'111 -h tl<*lng !root 111e t.11 Ita>!
The Doc's -91tr>t Coc:oo
111e bond>o lilteg to toke o ta;te ot !I.e
!.......; ct.ocdoto pocpeJ 1M -.fblns
a lOt e'ltl Clbcvt Coc:oo - he and Dr Choccllato
hide Q ... bel.nd !I.e ......
TtiC
' to oil tM keen cwtOOiei'S. !I.e Ml<lle
shop 19 -red by slave tM4-on, to
4-Ne o dync1100 on the ldlge 1>"<*19e ot a
Cilrrst..as P"dd1119! Thei" 'penny
lorthl119' bl<yeleg have drive bolts ii>Stead
ot chal"9, ...,let,, tilroul#> a sel'ieg ot
drive the grant dynoii'IO il'l a 13eCf'et f'C:IOM,
PYNIIMO
.of. The <ly.-o toatu-eg o Iorge c:oo1 ot wil-es
(4o) on a N-ni119 ShaH They are houSed
in o giant ..agnot (4<1 l\rni119 shaft
goe9 poootred by the c::ydi$1;, the
'" 111e COil .,....._. 0 c:hang&"9 ""!J!Jtfc tie<lof,:
!root the so elecfNcity iS ser-oted In
fhoto Ths it <GIIe<l 'electl'oooagroetlc indiJctlon'
5. Here. tt.. crange - sl>ooos """"
way the shaft ""'t 1\nl (5o) and
Mllte <II'I'CW9 ,._ the dir-ectloh
ot electt-ltd C\ll"''ent In the
tOil and <ly.-o (5)1 The
IIQgneto< field flow<; ,_ the
""gnet'g nor!l. to south poles.
' The electl-lelty 19 used to
111e lights, the chocolate otMne
and eve"Ythlng else in the 1>ilop.
LIGHTS & FRIGHTS
Magnets are great for sticking notes on the fridge, but they've got
other uses, too, from creating theme pork rides and woeful wartime
weapons - but the biggest magnet is up In the sky!
Criss-cross Cra-zy
0. >1r h m .f:loelic isl1'3de"" of
II> ad of charqed ptldes all ru.hinq
ill.-r.und This movement creares an
th ..,..:tro,mltl'el.. in the <>me way that
an Iron bar magnetic when wl,.
around h ha< electrlclty
tlvough 11 (as you saw on page 9)
I he $Urfoce of the Sun Is Cflss
by magnellc l"nes.
the" line< pul' matter out of the Sun
and high Into !'Pce In spe<:l:lcular
fl.ros solar More< - which "" seen
t..<t dlo'tnq a sol:!t ec:ll>se Soln
..,. . .,..
fl ores send electromaq,.ic radiation hurt1lnq tlvat41
-I'>CO IONar!k f.arth llhich can disrupt our r11dlo
oommunlcllon, power supplles and eleCitonlc equl!>,.,nt
Thll01 "''' a masslve solar stnrm fll.e thisln Match lOl l
The cnloured lights that appear In the over hrrhS
.------, magnellc poles
SUS I
100
called the Aurom
CAIISA(r[
FOt< lEA 8oreatls and Auror.1
Au:.rratrs - .jf'e
caused by the Suns
sol"' w nd hlllloo
p...rlcle$ by !he
...rlls magnetic
At the slot I of World War I. German novJI mines ktpt
blowtng up and Allied ships Some of these rrlnes "'ed
mJq,..,llc which were trlgg<nd by the uetl
iYJI of p nq ships or Slllm3tlne:>. So the lrllhh Admlt:ll!y
lool.!d ln!O W>'/5 of avoidinq these,.. OM ""thod
NOS 10 try and ....U thei' shills IJillklec101>1e by p.IS!Ing
an electric cornnr rt.ouo;il eels W!3lll*l the
lUI rug. electFO"'agnel 8ut accoodlrq to
rhe results of these e_;.,...,u fat from
_..,., the Nl>y had tl<llected his th the test !.hip.
A Bit" 14ft
rains ..... been "'niol>ed
lltose trU1s .. ed t holr
pje ra by miQI\01 they hovel' No frlctiOII
slowthemdownmuns hev anqo.._ art
lleru how thev As he rail\ g des or ward
onboard magnet male electron! move n a
reaction ran underneath tlte train. lhls creales an
electric current wh h gives off a magnetl Ioree that
pu ho tra n for word
Mag to ogy h a been used 1 mal.e
and some theme park whl e knucl.
Wl!v I per ldlrq '/001' P"""'' 1
one
True or false?
1 The Cna.;f! n l.el eotn
l 11'1 I PU!I Rl'!!lll span "'
f, m PS'renr eves at er ear accidmt
n SR>et b people I sh Whh magnet
Ar. - 00 pago 60.
the Odrldge, nd "'" crew became Invisible! Wh"'
they some of I he crew were on tire. oth"'s
had gone mad some wo.re njs;Jog. ""'"'to '"'"'n. o<ld
a few had become >1uck In the "'al!s or floor of !he !ltlp
14
PUZZLES
THE CASE OF THE
MUI\I)El\ED MAGNET . . .
CASE FILES Of OFFICER LODESTONE. NYPO
J'()!lowtng alfp off from some klds, we busted the tlat
of a top :!nee eocher. Judging by
rhe stlll wm CYP of coffee. h! had
only gone f ... m'nu1ts Tho
fla1 ""'a mess ond I felt d'll'ly just
belng there
The magnet wa> bee down on'""
tJblo !Mre ..,,.. no marks of D
violence on the bodv. but a quick '
'check showed that the magne1 had
been killed - II had no l)l>(Ct
whatsoevet laking care nor 10 '"' ll<l
smudge anv flng"Prln1<, I turned H o"" 111e metal
wa< let-cold to the tOIJch. Ht:re are thepo"'IJle
munler we>I>OOS
-r
11. e
CAHOtE "-'
WARM COSTARO ., .. -
>bur mllon Is to find out how the magnet was
, kJI'ed (l(nn 10 page ]] TO refro.,sh your brain cells
aboul kmtng magr:'Sl WasH by.
d) ....... M.,.
--
lint of these methods NWd IUrronge the otom.ln
the doll'o!m 10 tho maonetlc forces no lotlqer painted
In a $lnq'e dirE! ion. 1his Would rrean tht the maqnet
los! lis"""'"' ReJd the case notes aga n you may
find <m.ll clue
15
Magic Needle
A ,.,fly science rea.""' (what other klnd Is rhere11) IS
shoWing so,. lid< a barmy eperimem using a
sewing needle. a magnet some tlnad. Stu-lack, sticky
tape, kHchen tollond a lb volt battery. Read
carefully what he does and try to guess what
happens <Do NOT chta1 and try the experiment
yourself as the bot rery can get a blf hot and scary!)
tHe S1rokts tht needle With the magnet 30 limes
2. Then he fixes the needle ro the end of the rlvm
wHh a sml blob of nrt.cl in the rr.idd'e so 11 h>nq<
sideways in the air
5 He sticks the other end of the tlnad to a
table lOP With more 81u-1ack
4 Now he take< the kitchen foil and cuts a S1rlp from
H. He folds this In half lengthways and then folds It
again lengthways
5. He uses sticky tope to f1K one end of the foil
ro the positive ( ) end of tho banerv and the other
enchotheneqlllve( )end 1N.m3ktsaclraJit fa.
an electric...,..,, to run thr-ough
6 lioldlng the bany he puts the fol
loop round the n<odle ond moes the fo.1 "'P and down
wHI'Klul touching It
Wha1 do YO<J t hlnk
happens?
a) The sewlnq needle
s1ar1s to glow With a
strange blui! Qghr
b) Tho needle 1 .., ... round
spooUy
c) The n<ed'e jUmps up ond down
Answers ro both magnetic mind manglers on page 60
COMICAL
CHEMICALS
Chemcol chaos comes In many forms, from diSastrous dissolving to
spooky sponging, beastly burning to outrooeous explodlno. Here ore
some really weird rotten reactions ...
LEAf IT ALONE
111m 1111 plenty of na>ty Mmlcals knoc:kinq " und '
natute. tram bee stlng>, which are acid. to ""'P stings
which are alkaline Bees' acid slings can be trut ed whh
'kaOner:. such as bicarbonate of soda, but dont try
thl> wllh a wasp sting Jr II hurt more than ever!
One na>ty polsOn can be foond In thubab
It to. It I; caed d'otboxy!lc (d'rc:v-box 111 lcl oetd
It 1 there ro polsOn any hui\9'Y caterpillar who h,.....
nlbbqng It luckfty, Its not In the sl3 k.. which I the
we eal with custard as a pudding!
""" """"'
t a und
doesrlt normnv
blow up
Soak It and See
(()me1hng 1ha1 would come in vet v handv
when you accldentolly 'llfll >Quash on the kitchen
fii)Or A type of sponge called H spon was lnvenled
by chemlsl sIn 197 4 Its so qood at mnoplng up
p'l that It can hold up to 1 :lOO llrres .,, oNn
N aht n rtl"iSI<l'e hn N V ' Y .tlsnrblng
HORRIBLY HUNGRY ACID
A Wper M:ld called an monic {flow ONOW
Mit mon ;u acid ha '"'*" thoosand rr
(l QOOO.OOQOOQOOOJ times the
hriJ1lC<t pow..-fu v concentrated sulrJ/lurlc acd
want lo dip vnur lingers In !hot
l h!YCI !It gone In a s.cond
Sweet {:tiO\.Igh fllready
0 . <Uqll' in your V. if you do watdl,....at
you re in 1heru a ntw type of sugar lump tlta! s
650 tlmos sweeter than ordinary <Ugar Its thaumatln
and It> made I rom "'eds ol the West African Kal emf e plant
19
If II doesnt qlve you
a lump Jn yoor
t'>roa h1
arunlyi,q,
rot ytJ<JI
teeth Now
rhatl whar you
call a rot! en tll3CIIonl
LAB LUNACY
Crazy chemists love trying and testing substances to see
how badly they behave (which can be very trying and
testing), but sometimes it can get very messy!
---
I
_,__
r --
l
~ - ~
I
T-
--T--. "
'
l
('-
4
'
),
-
r.
~ '
( ~
WA't '---
-- --
f Cl><ol,hy" file sf!Ntieqf -
It olton - like Ol:iQo; to <:Ql9e
a rea::t1on. .,._ aco19 ere h<mbty hcndw, cm file
,.... """" - 90\r.d gcay, but not dl acids l2'e
awN; - 001 bo he!pl\.4 l'l;plrin, YI-n C <nl
vem.ooa Cf'O<IOt (fa) ere dl gen11e acids.
.,.,.,. - file oid-td9>ioned, non-
di9ital onoi - are .ode u<;ing o rotten
reoc11on to 'frx' on papee.
3. S.lver-pla11ng )'IJts o layee ol onto any
dipped Into. .. an eleeh-lcd acid baih- so
don't bo banana9 <nl pick out ihings you drop in!
The dangeroOJS 'iheNnitc' eeac11on
iS a horrill4y hot eeac11on (iron oxide)

../
__ ...
eeacts t.rie>U91y Mih dUoolriiM <nl
info ooolten-l>ot iron!
5 Talko"' ol t.>t l'eOCflon;; welders use
o """ o1 oxygen and acetylene
ga;es l>e<XIUSe 1hey ....., togett.ee at

' 1hf9 g;lly gc/en119t t.>9n't no11ced that h<!'s
set hl9 .)CIOket on frre, h<!'s ottach<!d his
b<lmee to ihe hydrogen toni<.
with an Invisible flo,., .
., 'Iliaci< powdee' - gurj>OWdee - produces o lrffie
fin and o lot ol - wh<!n set alight, but light
it in a ccnf1ned space Oike in a g1.01 oe o
and.. SOOMr
WHAT'S COOKING?
Anyone con be o chemist. In fact, you may be one without realising it.
And if that sounds incredible. consrder this: you use chemistry
every time you cook. Shocking. isn't it?
H
o" can cookery possibly be chemical"!
Actually, 11 would be imJl<"sihle to cook
with(>Ut chemtstry. It's what
all about I rom the suspect substances that call
themschcs school dinner-., to the revolting
reaction th.1t ) our dao, homemade nee
suck to 11> dt<h
Cooldll(r c.bemfcaiS
FACT FILE
lll &ASIC fACTS Most of y<M ood Is made up
ot at on s of a chetrical csll<d carbon amnqed
into la..qet molecule$ Otllet chmtcats are added
to 10'4ltove I he 13\to"'" of the food
HORRISI! DLrAilS n I he 19th century mysl e<io<J<
rlllnqs w""' added 10 food 10 save money and
make II go furl her f-or
example. ground up
bones were ml<od Into
flour And wooden
SIP11Nbmv were
added 10 1rrawberv Jm
to m.ih h kd, more

/N.:
K chemis:ru lab

It a trange thou ht, but )OUr kitchen ts an
a\\ ot hke a cbem<tr) lah.
r----., 1ll llASIJ'T Ttf OP11I-1l.t\
"""""V( n Mil: AA TLI>l m
0Qtr.411 .... 11f)if
(lOW\)
m.tehine' m your kitchen are
mysh:nously similar to bits of equipment
used hy scicntists in their labs. Just take the ...
Cooke!'
l"his" 'imply ,, machine for beating food
cbemocals t<l pro<lucc
the chemcal
n:acltons thai we
call cool mg.
Then then:"s the
Pressul'e cooker-
Tim by
al1o\\ mg \\ atcr h) h<l1l
1-"'T'S
ltl.\1


;tt a htgher temperature than usual,
\O it <ooks thing' faster. It"' simdar
) \) to a lab machine called an
autoclave. which is
/'; used to kill germs on
Thel'lllOC; flask
scientifk irl'.trumt.:nt,,
And )OU.,e prohahl)
got one of these .
Handy for keepmg )OUr soup hot or
a dnnk cold on a ,ummers da).
But the was originally
IOH:nh.:d by a cle\cr chemi'l.
In I X'l2.Su James Dewar
in,cntcd the double-
walled C<>lllaiucr to IWO UMR9
, , OF SllvtR0
keep ,ena" chcnucals oLA9S
cold
So. like it or not - chemistry lessons
begm at home
1
22
FIVE MIXED-UP FOOD FACTS
1
1hl! burnlnq MnSatlon youqet if you ., chll!i _.
Is due ro a chemical capsactn lcp uv llnl
Accordnq to experts the best rmedv for fiery mouth
Is a generous helping of lcweam' 1rilqlct
2
1
h., 'U'IIell of found In most yoghurrs Is due
ro n added chemical called ionoM (eye-on own> h
N3< originally round In iolers. Aah!
2 The bubbles In cooied cale mixture oro made by ga<l
v Salinq powder contains.., acid and a chen col rk;h n
rbon hen rheyre heated. a chemica' reactiOn P<Oduce.<
g .. c.arbon diOxide..
4
\oneq.,.ls made ftwn wine rhat ha$QON dtgusrlngly
50Ur This chemcal mclion is C311':-<d by !he wa te
o"'dum pmd\lv.l bv bacteria lYclt
Teacher's tea-break teaser
lf}ou brave (or foolhardy! on
the door of I he '!arT room and try th" quc,lton
on tc.u.: her
S(l't fl.(lf\( NlO 1fA
10 M1U( 5()'(
NlO l",llK TO 11) 111
lt CIJ' IS !\1'
NN 111
lt lAS! IF
50 'Mf11
\n,\\cr llDOrS make a differenre and
here, "h)
1
\ltlk contains a chemi,a! called
, ..ern (case-m) When lea mi'"' \\llh mrlk rt
chernkals break do\\n the ca,cm into smaller
molecules. If you add the milk to the rt
me am. thal more casein gets bro"-en t.IO\\ n.
5
Ml3'11 Is l>ru>ltn ..t>ldlrhl! carbon has been partly
burned The n-cle sometimes paurs from the
toasret whn you luve rhe bread in for too lonq Is m.lde
from tiny bl!s of carbon
Bet you never kneW!
In 191 Q a big shortage of animal fat led to .egtable
oils and smelly fish oil being used to make margarine
Thi' the te" l.I'IC of boiled milk.
That's \\h)' chemrsls m the know add tea
to milk and not the other way round'
23



..
DEAD DISGUSTING
Ourtng the Second .,..'orld War. German
chemlsrs dl<coered how ro make cooking far
from oil nor from cooking oil, but the sort of
oil you put In corl Mnm1, laSiy!
MAKE YOUR OWN
SLIME
Slime can't make up its mind - one minute It's
oozing like a liquid, the next it's acting like a stodgy solid.
..........
IAt' I *"
...........
Now, let's get going with this gootastlc gunk ...
!IOOml .. - ... +--=
...........
...........
1
!'bur some cornfiOIJ1' inlo rhe bowl doni gtl II
everywllere or el;e 111< grown ups get narly!
2 Stir som. '>e "' <lured "a,.. i!\1 o 1 he OOtnfiOIJ:
V a ftN drops ar a llrre
2
Add a cout>le of of food colouring to the
water Watch oul, this stuff can sraln your elorhes

sorre NrJ1i and stir

unrr II st1r1s to thlclen a paste.
24
'
SLURP!
5
Grah a handful or 911nl Watch It 001e out of yoor
h>nd 1 floNsllh a dlPI>etV liquid
6
\llen give the gunk good SQueue. Wow!
Now II wantS to be a solid
DARE YOU DISCOVER ... CHEMICAL CooKERY?

Try creoung o little bit of chemical chaos In uour krtchen
with these expenmentol recipes.
AM AllW 10 HfiP 'fOul
26t butfw
YUCKY YEAST
l\oast I no ,.,. chemic tl 1\ Al!Vll yeasr I> a
tiny fungus like the mould that grows on stale bread
All you do Is
--
I Mix rwo re.,poonful< of dried
yeast with two table'l)oonfu's of
w.""' water In rtle bowl
7 Add a tablll-<r>OOnful of sugar
and f lr un1 if 11 dissolves
3 luve rho bo,yt somewht:re
w"' m fOt on hour
Nlwt to chod whats
ro 'fOOJitmtUI't ltl<l1 find the IQiid;.; frothy and has
a fuMy smoll lhls l:<cuse the y..,,1MIS the sug,r
and produCfS ai<OIIol and cabon dlodde rhas rhe
lt<lth
TERRIFIC TOFFEE
S<Jgar Is a compllcOled cof1'11l0\1\'ld
(combtnatlonl nf cl>e.mical;
Including clrbon. hydrogen and
oxygen Many wtots are simply
sugar rhat4 been heated ro a
parllcular teml)4niiU111 for
example I udge Is md at 116 C.
'IOOi--
7&nl-
fhe.ma,,...,
lobloop<>on

a bowl ot ice-cold wwfw
- <hopped """"' WifhoiOOoH-
-.--.
tor ._ bit or...,..
canomelat IZO t and the hottest of rotfee
lle<e show ro m nl toffee iJ!lPles
lDvoudols
1 Slk:l cod lc1 In .. ch of the

2 Mix the lUll"' water and tunet In l1le
3 Hear 10 160'C Stir It Q!IDtly Notice how he sugar
Turns Into brtl Nn gungy ma ,s.
4 Oip 10me PI>Ie n the rrlxrure CareM Irs H 0 r
lllen d p the lllll Into the cold water for ZO seconds.
!> !at II And arrer that theres nothing else for lr but ro
wash up Never mind. even qreat scientists have to do thl<
And th-r a .. kJts of chemical cleaners to help you!
25
leab
PUZZLES
BUNGLING
BURNERS
&uMcn was a
suitering Scientist who
kept blowing things up.
'l'hc &uMen b\Jrner was
"""""' otter hi. tlere are
SIX at the! 6ut orly two
of them ar-e perfectly ,
identical. Which ones?
fiHer another accideht,
can't see tea well ,
Olld needs your help! '
...
Answers to both puzzlers on pages 60 61.
GETTING A REACTION!
Here's a colleetlon of substances. All you need to do Is
work nut which reaction belongs to which StJbstance
1. lhls melal doesn't react with air.
l. Burning wood produces this ma1erial
5 This expensive wbsrance can be changed Into cheap
pllllcillead In 1905 Srllish King ,;dward vn was given a
.. large chunk as a present He said
chemist Christian Schonbein (1J99-18G81
discovered this substance after he noticed an odd smell
in his laborat nr\[
5 This produces a sparky reaction when struck
by >1eel.ln 1 b78 eXPlorer Martin l'robisher risked his Ofe
to bring from the north of Canada thinking
i1 was gold - it wasn't What a silly sausage!

OOT
frAu.fM
(:J' lT'
6 The human body makes this wbsrance from chemicals
In asparagus and II makes the pee really whiffy. In World
War Two. US pilots were given asparagus soup to eat In
case they were shot down.
lhe pflots were told to pee
Into the sea and catch fish
attracted by the smell
26
FEATHER FUN
Birds do their silly stuff oa over the world and theiJ come In an shapes
and siZes. FJulng, eating, flirting and nesting cue aD In a dol(s work for
our feathered friends. Weve given extra choles to our lon9suffertng owl
who usually works at niQhel
_, 81JDS
:;IT I.E y
:AAl. "( 10 fl/


Tl{ = J.S HJ
fl-$.1._ "(

CW/>111
'1>\.0UH AI
OAIIIJ, \lllllf
STAAt lJ..tiSJ

WI'Jil!tWS
Ll<f TO
1 l'lOAA
27
28
29

AWESOIY\E EAGL
With o wingspan of up to 2.5 metres, the bold eagle is
on Impressive sight when it soors through the skies.
But how con such o Iorge creature stay up In the olr?
1. The l>r01i<li1Ce ol bil'd
In i'ts fab<Jioug fea'fl>eM. They are
-ngly lll#lt yet tfl-ong. The <01111-e
bit ol eoeh leall>o<-, oal@d the Mt,
i'5 hdlow; 'the 'VCI'let en ec'1tlot- side ha\le
fholl$ardg ol hocj(od branc:l,eg Ual,
called bcrb9, """cf> fl-ap "'" be'fweeo fheto,
Its l>one9 <re loght, too.
They're al90 holl.,.., with needle-like
lhS<de - I ko the
'struts' ol a ""
' The oll>o<- $pedal feal\1-e that -
"th bor<l<; iS that it has
,....,. locnei than OOC>it other an;..,.g, This
isn't bec<Nse theYNt na' They're fused
together, so the btl'd needo; ,....,. _.,res
(..nicl> -1#1 a ldtl to 010'/e theot. M the
eagle'9 uscles .,.. ooega f'QWeM\11. The
911-onge$1' Ol'let are rts poetoral uscles (1al.
whlcl> ptll the wins clowtw.<Ns r<li$e the
eagle Into the air ag It flaps for take olf.
This ol the wina shows it
a shape like a sll slug - po;nted at both
en<ls, fatt ... at the front, with a bi99er eorve
on top (The 19 ealled an OOf'Ofo.1, an<l
the s- P>ope as an wng.>
M the bord flieS, the .. shof>e IOCii<es the
air ......,., f!...s .,._ the top n-eJ
faster than the ..,. l>elooo, Jower;re its
,.._.... The a.r ,.._.... belooo the
1nl9' the "'I'd
,, eagles spend ol their daios
on ...,.,._cor .......,nts (-s> that rise up
bet-en the ....,nta.ns ol their
hoM. froot thre they hunt for pNtY, using
their keen eyetll#lt to gpy fish un<l.....ater
0!' Nlbbits In the ross over Jko IIWOY-..
' The adult9 N>liJI'n to the nest, or 'eyrie',
with live prey, to feed hiJ"'!N eoglets.
These greedy glll'tlert depen<l on their
pa!'ellts for food for up to sb< """ths
Cttter hotcf><ng
BIRD BONKERS
They're oil feathery. floppy, beoky ond bonny, loy eggs, moke
stronoe noises, ond most of them fly. But birds hove plenty of
differences too. Their onotomy vorles In colour. size ond shope.


B
on.Is arc a colourful and crazy part of life
on Eanh Amazongly adaptable. their
feathery bodies and wings help most ol
them nse ,,bovc man} other creatures. But
flymg isn' t "'easy as it looks. and learning
how can he a trkky pnx:c". Guillemots. for
e\ample.learn to swom and fly the bard way.
Thcor parents them ofT a cliff! If the) 0)
Barmy birds make ma.ny bizarre sounds. from b11 like
warbling 10 raiCMI rifle noises. and do all kind< of dance<
10 allrJtl a mle. Some birds up to 2000 a day
If not they'd hcucr team to"' im!
fX)l 'T FOP.Gtl
10 FVJ' 111'1,
DEAR'
Meanwhile, mother 'wallows take food to
their chacks hut hover just out of reach. If the
chicks want to grab their grub then they'd
hcttcr lc.m to 11) liN!
flyins ducks
'he doNnN trd
motiOn of ducks
w-inq'> pul " them
forward. mosf
POWt!r coming I rom
lh<J OUI" I"PS.
which moYe 3, 11
higher .p6ed 1hn
the sec1 ion clnw
to the
1M crane Is another rousing enTertainer with some qeal
dance rou!lne!i. up and uodPJ; leapng in !he air and
lrumpetlng loud sounds In a dialogue beTween patlners
32


PLUMED POSERS
V.'hlle felhet ldt f,. vrn c:ololl-ful plumage
isg<UT So.,. of the rrost c:ololl-ful
feathersllolcJnQ 10 f>om South An.,.lca. Africa and
Au<1ra'b Her1. rhe of plaoner SIJdl
a< S1Gngs and fincl>e.< "'" crazv for
colour. lhe Goold! an fi11Ch of Nor!h
1
'M Ausrraila and the SIJI)erb
AS A $1arl"ng of faS1 Africa m
I'ICT\JP.' <o colourful It looks as it
lhey've been painted
The male bird of
paradise from New 0\Jinu
goe. even furl her wllh
ourtageous plumage 1h11
looks like candyflos.'!
I'M NJ
EYECA100.
fl. YCATCI11.'
bll> oan 'so
bur almosr
long this Ah1can p>radlse
flycalct.rs is 20cm and
cer!alnly att>aers femares.
$eaks or bill< come In a rlery or shapes and SiLes
fOf all kinds of 1asks Check rhese our
The pointy beak of !he sword blned
hummingbird Is good for poking inro
nowtt s for nec:1ar Some
...,...., ... en ha rubu!or or
btv;h th '0119U<S. too
_..--...:l::: he:..w ::o.odpecker's sltong
bill drums in!o
..........
1'011 en bark. making holes
to probe for Insects.
Pelicans have a HHHre pouch
under rhelr bnls Ideal for
Carryfnq
Nif:!:! nibblers
Someumcs buds ream up \\ith other animals
to get food. When the boneyguide bird spots
"''d bees' nest. 1t make' a 'pccial call to atuact
a pa'-mg honey badger The badger cla\\s ope
the and can "t get tung beca11"' of 1t' thicl
skm. :.tcanwhle. the bird gobbles up aD) 'pare
honevcomb. S\\eet'

HONE'f'
The O\ in Africa like to ride on the
uf hopp<h, 1chra' and rhino,. The ll!T)!cr
arumals don't mmd. The bird eats the flies thai
infc,ttbetr backs. And 11 e'en "artlS of
approachtnj; pn:daln"
ocW' 511U.
tO!'S 0,(
IJilCU' 1-
Adull beaks 1 jus! handy fOt eating or making
nesrs. rhey're also very useful for chicks Mosr birds feed
their young bv regurgnallnq I heir meals down 1he chich'
rhroars Is a posh word for being sick on
Dutch naoUQiis1 Niiolaos T<nbergen \1907-1988)
nollced 1h11 herrlf19 gull chicks peck a a red biorch on
!he!r p.,.,,, beJok s Ht ser ou11o di$co>er
how II!W'III!I I his blotch was
lie m:ldo a dummy gUlls head.
""'h biorch. He also gor hold of a dud head and
pa Oled Out !he bi()lch Which cod !he chids IO
pod ar' The dead C)U11s head perhaps lr was rhefo-
dlnnerllloe dlommy hel!d wnh rhe blotchl Or neil her?
Hnd Out on page 61
33
MAKE A SQUAWK'/
BIRD CALL
Anyone con moke this simple bird coli. Use It to squawk to the birds!
a
1
Cu s1rlp ot pape.- 5cm x
0.5cm to make a reed. rather
like rile one foond In a wind
IMtrumMt c;uch ar. a clarine1
-
.
2 Slo>N lnro 1he edge of 1lle paper
V b1ween vour 1t.Jmbs o make a
bird can [JnCl) you've ma<tered 11, try
dir f etenl Thick""',.,; and Widlhs of
PPer ro crea1e a range of bird calts.
2
,;,. :hhe<lrlpv...-v
be1we!fl 1he
knuckle' of you I >No 1humb.and
-
-
-
-
preS< 1hem together to hold n In place lhe W!lre of
1he <1rlp ""'"be free ro vibraleln the hollow gap.
___ 34.:...._ __
Bit'd -btdine<l ?tories
Deckle which "' 9torie<; 19 Q'ld Mr;ch
iS f/\1..'31!!
I. <>oooe birck have ...Oiy gone lootty. blue-
<t'O'Ioned h<lnsl"9 parrot like<; to sleep IIJ>Side down
'"'"' a branch. Its gMen bock looks like a leaf so
'it's hldQen '""" hllnter<J.
'Z. The IIICR bo.ett>.rd toe'S
to lengtlrs to
att.-t a feorde flr9t
he ,...,..g a pl>t ne<;t
>d 1llen parnfs it .,.111
a gooey, blue b<tu-.
o! bl"et>errie<; and Spit
daubed on wl111 a rlick,
l>efore he fms It wl111 Nbbish.-
irresistll>le!
'3. The f\fl'toan
hone'f9Uide bir-d loves
beeswax 90 ...ct.
that it flies into
l>ee<J' nests >d risks
beinv sruns to dea111
by >srY l>ee<;.
Ti me
ecrct. typo of lrord ..... dlferent .<fly ,._ for its
go1ilertll9'l $o 1! .,.,. oan 0<11d. the c.......ct bird party
with eac1> bird tiere'9 one to tart .,... oft ..
A gaggle of sparrows
A herd of vultures
A cast of quails
A brood of geese
A murmura11on of swans
A host of chickens
A bevy of s1arlings
A venue of hawks
Beaks
8lrdt' Mc*l COM In Q'ld ilftf - Ions.
5hoo-t, !!crt. 1111n Co lot J;ke _. teac:Mr's beoi<,
er, nosel 1:4Ch one 19 l;ke o tad for caltl!i"9 or
tcoff,. 1he l>lrd't food. Match 1be .....
.. 111 o tad Q'ld 1he food rt
bl net
IU Insect larwe
II) fiY"9 lnsecfo;
BAD BAT CAVE
Of course, birds aren't the only beasts that can fly plenty of insects
do it too, but when It comes to being foul flappers.
these bats ore the stinky stars. Enter this poopacked home ...
1. Goon> (Wf e--- nol t.m (ffley'r-e tlCI>oed after poo - coiled
guano, but...,.. ol thcrl' 9Mt In a -.nt!l have very bl-ood t<rt.
/'r; batt fly .......-.cl, 1!,cy """' hilf>-pitched Tho
bounce ol wolli end pr-ey - l<>ffls, fly;rog and t>eettes
The bats' bfg lu<j>oles pick 14> all ol
"'-exactly..._. ev..-ytj>ih9 IS in the dcrk. Ut's a
C<llled tcho-looaflon.l Tho also have big teet (IQ) ford to
.,....,..,_ Ui h o11.er bats, end ol .. tools (lbl ...- not
webbed- 1!,cy <1'0 ........ so also called fr-ee..ta.1ed t.m.
fltt..- a long cloy upside dooon, lul<led togo !her for-
_..fh end 9\Hty, fho t.m et go, <t-q> into ar end !ly cut
t!t-ou!#> !he aav. - <U fNse, o;oor-y - ol - Wcxhn
skiet (:J\o) <15 !hey hood mt in ,.....,.. ol ,...,...
1 Of ,.,._, !hey nHd to <bop fho ol
I10'lh fhouscrd t.m hcMrog a <t<Jicl-. poo 6.Nlg
cloy or-l>efor-e !hey head mt evenrog od:es tor-
sooeily poles ol <t-q>p.t199 Tho pong cxo.es frco> """""""' CheoOcals
<also t""nd In.._, peel Tho poo - called guano - also
ca-bon, and ofher 'lital inot'dls, p!IJ'3 - a cheolicd
IJ'3ed to od:e .... exf'loiNes and t..-td;,er. people
collect 1hls 9Mt (1Ql and 1hen sell it.
"1. The poo fall9 into pools and thcrl' flow ihrcugh
caves. IOOklrog a broth tor Jerobo9 to 91""' il>
They In 1\rn or-e food for tiny "".as, such <15 cave
9>1-i'1'9 9<bmder<; ("'I>) and
soall gnakes ("'el Living n 1he9e
speeie9 <H otten VOf'Y pale.
' 'loooe tlPK'diied ...... and ol spee;es ol bcr:t-
tt- fho too.
(5Q), """" .... ..., (!IW and (50) O'ee!'
<t>cvt ., cicrit I'OC'ky """" !Sdl
hibe<nate in dcritet' ...,.,
'- IM!t..-g such 09 r-.cl-toiled hao.k9 keep c:n eye on
oave .cuth and oar snatth a P<J5s;rog bat in .,;d !111t>t.
kestl'fl9 and o.ols also """' in for kal. /'It f'OYnd
level, rac:cc>oh9 !4al and sk\Oi<s ('bl look for
bd>y t.m !hat have fall.n ,,_
per<:l>es. ll{ey feast on /
iheo, and get filf,hy dofrog It/ (
1
I (
'
l(
WILD WOOD
Jom the nature:loving Flora Bramble on o tenlfying trip to a green and
gruesome world. Flora loves o bit of bra my 'botanising'.
but these peaceful counuy woodlands hide their
uue colours ... as she soon discovers!
38
>WI! !UI<'$ U5t '>IW<J' 9'1<5 AN) ttel!WS
m rU(rf..'t Tit I"'

39
llAI<t A SYS!fl-1 AST'I
oiii!Cil UfM Off lol>1 ll(Y S..!ll
A JUIC ltlAo SllMjS lloGO CAAZY'
40
FREAKY THREE
From freaky flowering plants around the world. we've picked
{not literally) the top three craziest and creepiest ...
Titan Arum (Sumatra. lndone>ia)
Just we1rd. It grows to
.l.7 metres hi!!h. l'hc sheath that
,urround\ its
huge spike is
actually 91cm wtde.
features;
In 1 lwlian i><llanist
Odoardo found this giant
tlo\\et gro\\ tng tn the loret. His
assistants dug n up. but
unfonunatel) the) dropJl<'O n!
The 15-mctr..: \\ tdc.: \.:onn
(s\\ollen nx>t) ""'full of
vegetable fat and exploded
everywhere. bcntuall}
Odoardo sent seeds
to haly, ;md one of
the cultivated plants ended up at Kew Gardens
in IA>ndon When its flowers opened in May
1887 they caused " "''"aton. Thousands
Hocked to sec them, hut the fn.>m the
plant'"" mcmhehning needed
first aid of the revoltmg reek:
Its smell was described as being like rotten fish
and burnt sugar. A bot;mist in the gardens said:
"The Oowers arc pollinated by beetles that cat
rolling Oesh. The} think the smell is hea\enly."
Rafflesia lothem ise known as the
W'JlSC hly ') (Homeo,
Indonesia) . The first European w lind
it. S1r Thomas Raffles (J 781-1826).
called it. Tl l.JIY.6ST AIJD
Appearance; I'IAG!JmcE.n-
Gtant nranl.!c F-LO"Io9..
. lll \\IO!U.D
red cabbage-
shaJl<'d flo" ,r
up tn one mctn: ..
Freaku fea:ures' 1 Gro"' on fore't

'ine, and 'ud.;' out their juices.
2 Sunks of flesh.
l. J, \ polhnalc<l cothcr h) IJic, or 'hte\\\
and then ruh IIllO a black stinking mas,.
plant <Bolivia. South America)
Huge head of
fto"er' the laf!,!Cst on the \\Orld.
11 \."an mca ... un: up tn 10
metre' high.
Freak!:! feaeures' Takes
50-I 00 years to
gro" lo the '''J;l'
when: it llowlr....
1 hen it
Make' you wonder
"hY the pecuhar
puya plant bothers.
41
GREEDY
GARDEN
Mrs Twist has let her conservatory garden
out of control. Check out the gruesome
growers and super stranglers taking overr<
1. Creeping planf'9 love leaking guttel'$ ahd
ahd to up 111 side at buddlng9. This Russian
vine can \IP to fiVe in .)Yst one
Ivy dongS USOi rootg along i l'g to strangle
offler plantg ahd enter crocked briCk""'"'- It also
al1l-oc1<; IH<ISP9 ( '
' v...,.n;a '"'"P"r useg IUcl<ers to ...., -t.
1he k...tno v ne 19 Yef'y aggress;ve. Wi11l treOi to
SIJI'I>Crt tt, the vone can...,.. .. !'re$ It ha9
red-,_..,.. ..twch look 1ke peas.
' Ths ,.., pol tree s so strong 111at if's
the root ahd pushed ifg spiky leav<>i
'- 1he weepre ..-look, but ;ts raotg seek
<>It ..ater, lolocl<fflg ....,ns and fouhdatlc>r$ .
., . Hoya dlillb9 using t..ining Its tloooeM dl'lp
sticky nectar.
8. Citrus 1'1-eeg guc:h 09 lei>K>tlS and oranges often
get C<Nered wt11l nagty black Mild on tl>oir leaves.
9 9f1cky C<rni"""""S plants are 11Y-i\lfng here.,.
1he Venus ll'qf> I ket to snap up s""'*.s all day)
10 Pitfall planl'9 9uch 09 11le sun p;tc:her and v
cup (!Ool ent.ee insects to slip nslde thelr flowers.
II flypaper plants, such CIS 11>is sundew, are :;o
0
stiCky 11lat n<Jeel'9 can't - once they've fanded
en - 1M butf.._-t <I!Cll iS 9QOd at belhs a
y's stiCky elld tool
n fill._, vlolel9' f\n.y leaves oon cw;e skin ,.,;;toes. \I
Nt-<; T.-,t 9>otJc1 walth ,_ feet don't touch 'eoi!
" 8ugy lnes eon get infested Mfh spkler
llrc<Jr,d Ny " a really -pant ...,...r clt\d Is
t.appy to hog the entire tloor SPQCe of the 9 :!I'd"' , " '" "'
" M>nia algo spreads r-op;dly it eon'
)'I'Oduee lllcng at seeds in a sho<-t spac.; cif' tl,..)
" Meet the stinkeM: <;tapelia reeks of. rotten
,.at; Russian sage (lfl sells like a nagty toOet
<;eoiOJ><JS blgelovll (18) stinks like a dlrtyol"et dog)
19 '3pearoo1nt s,..llg better, but spreod9' r-op;dlt
"'
1he sp;nes at prickly pear eon S""'' Off in
yo<r 11esh - not SO 9QOd fO!' CUI'IOUS eafsj
r
'
G R
0 W
'ARNIN91
ASK fOR fYrtl;ot.,
_ OM AN A9Ut.r.
POTATO TONGUES
Vauwll reud:
... .........
.........
choe box
thin cerd
Grab a monky old potato and make It grow through a
maze' so that it looks like gross tonoues in a monster
face! Plus some celeru silliness ...

ctickv
- plont pol
.......
... polfiiC
oa f21
1

....
1
rlrst you nood to'""
V<M old shoe boK IntO
moze with a monstlll' bet.
Asl. an ..tutr to cut a hole In
ooe end of t he bo' !Ira N or
pa1nt a Qtuesome Mon\1er
lace on the end. mklng the
hole the mon,tr< mouth or
nose the ugllet !he better!
:20rab your potalo. h should be ,;uch an old spud that
V h' s alredy storted ro sprout AHa!Oes that have b""'
kept In warm dark places are often the best sproutets
Pooaroe. >j)tout from oyes- If your spud ha.
ll10'e thn ON! eye. rub tt.! others off
2
Cuttwo of card so that they
as det:p as the shoe box. but not a<
wide tape them Into the boK as shown
You've made your monster mate.
4
P\Jt your por.ro In a small plant pot with a Illite bll
of compost and water P\Jt 11 In the shoe box. at the
end furthest away from tt.! hole and clo<e the lid
lave the boln a warm place With plenty of sun"ght
Now wa'h your hand; thoroughly
44
'

your box for about a week (you can 1ake a

peep from1ime 1o 1ime 1o see how your spud is
doingl )bur 'orrible poTato shoot will grow towards the
sunligllt performing amazing aC1'obar!cs ro get around
any obstacles and break out of the box. hentually Irs
'""'""-""".::.\.- -, shoots wnt reach the sunlight growing out from
the rllO\Jth- H'illook as if the monster
has disgusting tongue tendrils!
Sur here's a puzzler: what colour are rheshoors
and whf. Turn to the Answers on page 61
IMPORTANT Do NOT eat the pa!at o or the shoots
after the experiment
TURN CELERY BLUE
1
Add a squirt of blue
food colouring to
half a glass of cold
water It's best to do
this on a kHcheo
draining board or old
1able In case you spill
any dye - it's VffY
2 (a) The celery
V s1ick dies.
(c)_ or the water In
the glass rums redl
messy and will
stain fabrics!
lb) or the celery
'eaves s13111o
turn blue
/
2
Plonk a celery slick
or two into the
glass. leave 1hem in a
well lit spot for about
a day and watch
What happens ... '
butA.oJeO-"l!OM aq1 q&nOAtp 100
3A,noA 3.134M S!Ods anjq U.nCl( '(SSf D
liutAJtU&ew osn) Bpo 100 "''I A1tnJ"'"' 10"i
e 4l!M aq1 q&I\OJ4l aous O!Jtnpe ue suaodq
SI4J MO<j 3>5 OJ dn JJ 1841 SOAI'OJ '"!I W().ij UO!P'JOO<A;
pue - Mo.ueu On sund lOQJ.J3 ue -
AJe!l_de:j JO UO!teU!(!WOO e Aq 34J dn SOSJA Aalff' ;qJ
sa.eat 11341 01 SUlaJS 11341 U! (W')AX) saqnJ Momu q&nO"!J
II Amo S)OOJ JI04J WOAJ .IOIOM dn '""'
SMO\jS Sjqj anjq JO ape4S AllS04D waq1 &UjUjeJS "'!'
OJU! pue 94J dn UMI'lp S! aAp &ujAilOIOO a\[l (q\ JON' :
' .
45
'ORRID
ORCHID
In a hot ond sweaty jungle In Central
America. clinging to a branch high in a
tree, there's a fiendish little flower that
has a bit of a surprise In store for one
species of busy bee ...
1. ihe b<Jd<et orehld oS very ,..et!y - otg dU$terg of 9f\dl
IIOW0<'9 '-8 "'- Jons, '*""""""' st- - i><lt it """'es
a dici>colied """' for - specoeg of nector-cdiect!ng '-.
1he bee """' '*-" stco-ts Ju9t
betCft <bNn. ..nan fhto oteNcrs wH-a er-s
T""' krdiWy bojln 1<> oiy nt<:to2-, oM:h <*ips
into 1he !W
1\ft..- a of 1he bucket 0$ WI o! -t.
<rod deo:ty
'The trap IS,.,., t <rod the.._., ..aft9 a ,_er!oJ
-t scent hi If ....,. ....,, dc>z- o! IOCIIe -
allruted f_, .,neg the g,oe!l The 9Cent lheoo ...,d
They bun """"nd 1M orehld on ,...,t exciteooent, lulp/hg ......,i"9 <rod
bosloi"9 onto eoct, oli>er. They .,_... dl over 1he
boJb 1hat 1r0W9 ""t o! 1he lloo.er-'s ru <.,.,>and bo<aon """""""' up 1M
ooly tMfihg it into 'pocht'J' on 1heit bdclc leg<; {
-+. start brocoltl"9 ...t ao; 1he bee9 <Ner 1he -t
stuff, <rod, ao; 11\ey.,.. wai:i119 on a Vet"f slipt>ery sll"!.xe, acx:ldentg
are bolrod to lq.fom (-+al. <;f!oosh' The bee9 tlouro4e!' """"nd on 1M
tNcl:, stocky W'l"'d..
s. The '*-""9 .,.., !lt'09h but <Ill's not lost
-n-.s .., 09C<If>O .....to 1he :!\noel -n-s ewn a lltile
step f<> help 'heoo fln<l It <rod d-...t (5aJ
'- The nn...l IS a tt,#lt and the bee boo; 1<> force It') on,
to the at 1M eo<1t But a>o1her 9>oci<'s "' store
1M'- tefs orchid <rod held 1here tor
severd r.ttes ,.,._,.. 1he sneaky Fbt IS ;..., a 1<> 1he
'-'s baclo.. It'S a sack of pollen ("fal - 1he 91A>$farce ....,. fl-...;
to !erlil'- It boo; to toe cQT<ed "'- one llooooer to a>o1her and 1he
Job boo; loeen goven to tt.O$ one species o! bee.
a. The bH P<'f'S ...t o! 11>e eXit, 51lckes d""" and !loes o!t
E:ven11Jally he'll !Gil f' the S<>> 1T-ick <J90in in ...ather b<Jd<ot orchid
(They JU9t novet- ie<rn!llM 'l!.ls n .... ao; 1he bee
1he tvnnol, a spocid hoo:ol< In 1he roof of 1he eXit plucks the pollen
sack ,...,., his loack. The orchid is - fern1ned and c... 9" on 1<>
<lovelop a fruit and seeds. The 1>ee sets his - - gc:ented
nectar to attr<xt !eiOCIIes
/
/
/
-- -
.l

~
"
0 ' CLAMP
PUZZLES
Vital Vesetable Products
In ncl<'111ern fngland, In 111e 19111 eent\ry, people w<Ne
stongong nettle steoos into tabledo111sl Datt but n-ue!
'3o ,_ have a 90 at ooatc:h ng 1he folio.. ng plant1
"'11> 1l>e f"''duct9 11>at can bio OOO<le f,_ tboJo.
Peculiar Plant Mysteries
1 lll\l re looklnq for planrs near the Arc!lr. Circle and
voo find"'""' e>retry flo.v "growlnq In rhe decaylnq
d:e!e:ton of an anm3
1
\',h'l thev
a) The flower< wre rho!<e fir" and rhe
nlmal di.d on rop of'"""'
bJ The flo.,.,..s wm The anln al
' rhe flo"" nd
cJ lne anlml died flrsr The flowers <pmur.d
la1er and fed on the oourl<hinq mltlnQ bone<
7 'll>u find the<> m01s goowtng on se.
Why It'! "'hey norma;:y
grow !>idewa'ls or downJ
a) Tn breathe air
bJ 1<J !'lb oa< "0 onlmals and then w<k hei' blood
cJ c lfop s>nd be nq No>hed '"'"Y by the sea and"'
buOd up a barrier !0< I he phn!S to grow behind
Planes to choose:
l <;..gar oono
z. <>eowttd
""-t
Lid!en
5 """'111 ,....,.,.,Cdll
bixa 11-eo
' Cotton

6. Prne tt-eos
Produc:s to choose:
al !I pc.l" of so.elly sacks
b) fuel for- ocr$
e) !I riCe late of

e). !I dirty old wellie boot
(Wher-e' 9 1l>e one
tor>e7J
fl. 1l>e ...aiher
9) Lovely l>riS)>t hail'
hl
3 WMe tailing 'n the(..., >O<.n . "' tlnd
some edelwehs plw< They hJ>e very hllv lees rhJt
re<l!mble the fur on a eat's back Whar aoe rhe hairs foil
aJ lo ttl'3C!Io1 ot fie>< Nhldr 00a ""' he flow"
bJ 10 keo!> !he p' tnt Harm In the cold"""' tain air
cl lo make thr.m horrible ro ,.t
4 lbu cut lmo the b>rk of an Australln bloodwood
te9 and it OOI! red juiCI! Aborglne< u<o the red <!uti
a< a g.-ge fOt""' tlvn, And it SO<Jnd e its <I
for vegetarian vampires!
Sut what does tho tree use the red juice foO'
aJ rrghter owv anv cruture 1hat biles nto rhe ee
bJ 1 dries Into a qum rhar pmlecls the <v!s from
lnf 11C1ion fhey hP.al
cJ It ricks ttt. rogerho!< of any antmals !hot chew
rh bnl
\nswers paqe 61
48
STAGGERING
SPACE
Earth Is o small blue boll Hooting in a brg b ack sea And the big black
sea Is as dark and dangerous as a bad tempered black bear in a coal
cellar! Let's lind out how deadly dangerous space really is ...
T
his IS 0111); to hurt your head.
There ure l<lls of BIG numbers ..
numb.:rs b1 the) nught make )<lur
lmun biO\\ UJ I hi IS IIC<.; "'C sr ce IS a b .,
place It I ' ' .1!> pia.; but he ore
' ego n ' he n to th ,,
\h I !.. k
'rou r 1 al 'Y the
M.ll .. ] \\ y u n y see the Mi ky
\\ay II >Oil h rr< t h>< me\\ here that'
really dark I no ht Irk.: a place m the
en nU). far U\\ ;.t)'
from street huhts
It looks like a
huge m1lk) drool
dnhbh:d across
lit the 1ght <k) )
' t bab)
Except t I k II rs Someth n= I ke
100.000 "u ..
b ncb
the
from the e
1 !\nd t e) 're
) r-.: y z _n,; at
me I x a o ...
o et the de .).
t .:h >I star, Is 100 000
1"":--:::::::::"rir-...,.., l yc " a.:rn,. I/\.
ht )ear '' the dhtancc
th,u light or a radio
1 'nal tra\oels in a year-
1h t", about 9.41\ milhon
m 1011 km. g,i\c 0r take
the >dd metre or two
DARE YOU DISCOVER
how manu stars there are?
u
the :>3ln cfsand i.1'ooce
You will need: on a and st'f! ;:h
1/fW' of -.d YOO! arm >laid vr: fin:r-111:
1,.
- ___ ...J ag.Jnsr he slv
49
Can you <till -----,
see he ;ram Grear 1maQ1ne rh.r
vr: eytlla "" p..ce te!est<;oos
and your st.Jrlng I HQ\Jitry Sli"C
of !ley <he size or hJr gr.fn
liow m1nv r.J would you see'
:.) None 1M 1-J v Is J :; emp1 v as a
piggy a fret chrlslmJs shopping trip
b) Two
c) 20QOOO b iOn 4nsw.,. on c oge 6
t pt a"*'-tbl fllfl" e111
INd. ... t ...... 1he ...., "' "'""" (1ciJ. Thi9 cpl1col
IIIOdol 19 l4b 1l!o9e re<llly uged in C!XIe <Old
fbooi; It siOICIII ccnvex
"'"""" tl>eM9
<Old a 1<1'9" CO<C<Ne
.,....,.. tl>eM9 lroocrd<; )
II<) to locut the I ;.t
The tele<;oope """ _,
... "" <Old do.on
w.at'9 1tlat "' the 'Jk{l
fl ,..,t bee11e en """? No,
if'9 JuSt en onse<t """'"" en
- dirt en the ..,.....
<Old 11'9 seen CIS a dl9torhd r,..!
' Thi9 old boffin ha9 a !Mditiord
t'efractins tele9<:cpe lhat liSe!> a
of '*'""" lf't 1099 poy.et'lu
and al90 capt\re<; 1099 11;-t.
'1. 1\ l'<ldio ttl09ccpe like the one at
.)odroell 6<111<. ul<, runes rnto l'<ldio
W<N09 ('Ia) '"""' 9pc>Ct and capt\re9
a """"' ,_ tt of tpace II'Oge$, tuch
Cllll'<ldioticn ,_ the &;g !l<>ng ('11>1.
lob09 of a dottant galaxy ('!<),
f..-.- " ('ldl, "9 9<IS09
, ... , <Old In the MJI<:y Wo:t
('If). fl 1ft or arcl of ttlegoq>e9
c:r-eate9 1l>o ""' ..
s X-f"O)' tek""f>f9, II'Jidy en tatdrtet -
or 9pace a-eote- of
9f"''O !NdUns "" _.., 9f,ort
o<-f"0)'91 <sal The ,...,.,..tiord """'t ...
151>1 detect9 the X-"'Y'l <Old ootN...t9
the to ocioo.rf1A ga99y-lo>el<lns
such CIS the re..alnt of a
(SOl, a dwter of gd<ll<l09 {5d) or
hat g<19 )'\lied Info a black hole {!Jel.
4. inlrared tele9oope9,
like '31>fl"ter I'Odel,
detect heat l'<ldoatoon ClCI"O'l9 the
<Old 11$0 It to .....
enth galaxle9 IW - neWae
..
{cioud9 of p In 9po00l 0
.. -
Til Ml.IS1 llt
JUST llf TO
,.._ .... r( l (10.:.:
J..11!1.1 tCrf\.. A ..
'!li: r1o .t.4 A
'f EA:S"f
1 IT .I r
>fEC. <O. M!U" lilt
liFt .t,'-'D A:c.. 'AHA 1-f
".&
lA!' :"tJJN.r AliA 11J
:rALAltl"
PUZZLES
Could You Face Space?
a dotty .,tty f...,. the Splott,
has focl i9loly gcone an a space ..aik wil!oout 1>er
IN\oicn af the foll.,..,ng tt.<nss ....,.,jd
she ltr;!IU.Y ex,....tence?
ll Her skn w<l<Jid free20 sdid
1-l Her skin -.ld burn to o crisp
3l Her hcllr -ld tum purple
"'\) Her eyelxllls WOiid go pop
Sl Her lUngS wOIId "'"t
,, '3he -.ld befln to sns the 'Splott
notional onthe
?l Her blood <1nd body would
to boll lk sl ""' .-.en soup
8l '3he ....,.,jd tHI tiCk
STARTLING SPACE QUIZ
1 1"" n bed <loy ot o )>oint an
.. -tor (the >oagillQr'y line <I"OUnd ""'
!:arlb't ooldcle), ..t.of ....,.,jd ...,., to y<>J1
al In one <loy you'd f!-cNel <1
to go.ng <I"OUnd the --'<!
bl Ywd tot d =
c) Gravtty ....,.,jd you '4> into spoce
1. If you stayed in bed ot the Noo-th Pole,
....,t -.ld hclppen1
a) You'd be sucked into the torth's core
b) Your bed <1nd you wOIId go round in a
little Circle like <1n iCe skoter in Q Spin
c) Your bed wOIId take aft
3 Wh4ch of these toots aboort the
'3un 19 1l-ue1
a) It 9119S
bl It l\rn9 aft ot ni;>t
cl It fNO'I aft nadio ..aves
Are We a Clone?
Two of the below ore identical. If you don'+ get in a spon, you11 be dble to spot 1!>e
c
E r
55
MAKE A BRILL I ANT
ASTRO BOX
Imagine stars ore dots in lots of dottodot puzzles. The shapes
they make ore coiled constellations, and they're o handy helper for
astronomers. Here's how to make your own constellation show!
will need:
..............
rou. pleooo of blacl< JMII>O'
panel
8 ru1tr
-
a brigl>t pan
lllu-lacl<
atiOicy loJIO
........... _,
1
Take the lid off your
shoebox (remove any
shoes Inside! and draw a
rectangle on the Inside of
1 he lid leaving a border
of about 2cm all round .
Cut out the rectangle.
'I'OP TIPS
If you dom feel confident about copying 1M
constellations. enlrge them on a photocopier by
300% and trace hem onto each sheet
2
Cut the sheets of black paper to fit inside the
shoebox lid Now copy a different constellatlon
(see right) onto each of your pieces of black paper
Orawing a grid onto the black poper will help yoo
posl1ion the stars correctly (A grid with bigger squares
allows you to enlrge the shape to fill the space.J
2llsjng a sharp pencil. make a hole where you've drawn
Veach star Place a blob of Slu faek underneath each star
as you do it. 10 avoid spoiling your parents' kitchen table.
Heaven's above you've made a constetla1ion!
56
5
Now H's time to trip the light funtastic- close the
curtains, turn off me light and e ~ J o y ! When you've
seen enough of these oonstellatlons. visiT your local
library and find a good book on as!ronomy to find more
Crazy Constellations
Here are four constellations to get you started. !race
them onto your black paper. using the grid as a guide
4
Put four little strips of sticky tape on
each side of your constellation and stick
It Inside your shoebox lid. Now turn on the
torch (or two torches if you have them) and
place It Inside the box.
0
0 0
Ooo
0 0
0
57
.vel wond1111d hoW UCII(mtght tRneltD anodler unMise
sUpetbt. tlllle? Sonle Sde!httsts d'dnk tllllls
diiough Ill "MMmbole'l
.... -
......
_....,.Ck.llal
..... ----..
loy,...,.,_ .......
lollo1611)
PUZZLE ANSWERS
So ore you a supercharged magnet mind or a bird-brained vile vegetable?
Find out here ... and learn why those potato roots are so revoltingly pole I
DARE YOU DISCOVER ... HoW TO MAKE A
MAGNETIC PLANE? P6
bJ 0 the m:>qW ,..., ""'"""' h
The art:J 3fllWid a m3gner Til a 1> att ... ed by ns IOftel$
c.r!ed a _.lc fifW !Mro he r.t1 P"s!J
DARE YOU DISCOVER ... IF MAGNETISM
WORKS UNDERWATER? P7
a) ll'f> "l""l'sm WOO'\c gt.l IJ'IJ W>TI!I
CHOCO DYNAMO Pl213
TRUE OR FALSE? Pl4
1 z 1ru , '
THE CASE OF THE MURDERED MAGNET P15
bJ faW'cl wfth. The cb the In!'>! wu
lee- cxM Jollllhe"""' atd ti-e t!eclric ., .. , .. tll wWd 11m
WO!led b.. theywou!dhnwao-medt'lemQ<Vftllh!
OM llu '-".,a 10 go!
MAGIC NEEDLE Pl5
b) lhe needle lwlsls around ln. magne1ic field pooduced by The
loCI> of foil k!ep1 MhlnQ 1wav and then alfractlng thtl
m>gnellted n....,jlt; )I" lib a real electric mota.
BUNGLING BUNSEN BURNERS P26
The o , tu..smahnd o.
lin.,. allhose hidden cliO< c ... s d.v Sed by d rJ v 1lr Choa>i>To 3M his did pawued dynamol
60
GETTING A REACTION P2.6
I eJ a f"" mebls reacl iM1 h 1 he oxygen il !he and !My
Include gold. pla!Ml and sliver Iron reacts wllh oxyqo..n 10 form rU>t
Z. dl Som is unburn1 carbon nalural malerlals.
such as wood. i1Jn.
5 al 1n 1905 Wward was given the worlds latgesl diamond as a
birthday present. (What an Aft diamonds
eventually rerurn ro a more stable form of carbon- graphi1e (Ire
s""" sluff foond in pencils/ - t.n 11-is reaction is el<lreme'V slow
4 b) Ozone means I Greek!
o. c) Iron pyrhe is known as fool!; gold" because brassy
colour fooled many Into thinking was gold
6. f) Meihyl mete3pt.ln. h reeks of ron en garlic. Of\ions.
11Jrnr roast and srlrJ<Ing blocked
FREAKY BEAKS P33
Would the sigh! of aiYJman head make yoo feeiiYJngry' Nol
The chicks pecked ar the dummy head lnsread 1inb.rg.n went
on 1o prove 1hal1t.! red wasnl inwrt.lnl. any coloor ""' 1)1:.
as long as the parch was clearly visible
BIRDBRAINED STORIES P35
ITRU(
Z. lRUf The bower bird will decor.lTe es nest Nfrh dead
Insects, b0111e 1ops and b"td !.kul!s
S fAI.Sf.lt gets a honey badgers hell>. remember?!
PARTY TIME AND BUSY BEAKS
lcn;Zalv;Sd 4b
PARTY TIME
A gaggle of gw:e A herd of <Hans A casr of hawks A brood
of chickens. A muri'TilJ'3tion ot s1artlngs. A hos1 of sparrows.
A bevy of Quails A v!t'IUe of vulrur-.s
GROW POTATO TONGUES P45
The steftls of planrs thai hrfve in sunny places grow rewards
!he light This is con! rolled by alumone !hal makes 1he cells
on rhe stems shad>' side g>ow faster than on the SUMV side.
so 1he S!eftlS bend uowards The sme hormone helps them
grow over obs1acles In sunl"gh\ the green pigmerrt chlorophy11
develops In rhe leaves and srenns rhar helps the plant ro make
food When the plan1 is in d:..-kness. !he green pigment doesti
so the shoots are pale yellow.
VITAL VEGETABLE PRODUCTS P48
1 b) In Blazlt sug cane Is made Into alcohol and this Is used
as a f ue1 for some cars._
2. fll.amlnarla sea#i!ed feels dry and In dry
but as rain draws near and the ar grows moist he sea112ed
1akes in Wa1er and feels sticky.
5 c) Spaghetti Is made O<Jt of pas13 which Is made from
semolina which is llt3de f rum grouncf-up wheat
d) lichens were used to make 1tadlttooal dyes. A typcal
recipe involved leaving !he dye 10 ro1 in a mix of s13le pee and
a chenical ca'led slaked nme
5 g) Narlve South Americans use blxa seeds to mal.e g<oovy
ormge hair oo'wring The juice also keeps mosaurtoe.c; a .,.;a
6 a/ The cotton In your socks Is made from haJrs tht t..'o
disperse 1he seeds of 11>! co11on plant The hairs form
the seed pods ancl are spun using machines 10 make the clo1h
l el l'llollington boots were 1radi1ionally made from !'\lite
the congeo'ed iUire. or latex, 1ha1 oons from !he rubber
tree llhP..n you cur Its bark..
8 hi Vvood pulp from trees such as pines Is used ro mak.e
catdboard
PECULIAR PLANT MYSTERIES P48
1 c) The soli Is very poor In this reqlon bur the tain has
Wlshed nourishinq minerals from the dead body lnro rhe soil.
So the flowers flouri:Jt. lhe skele1on also pro! ec1 s the plants
from 1he biting wind !here could also have been some pln1
s.t:eds in the animal!> guts.
Z a) They're a rype of mangrove ro01. lhey srid oo1 of
IN! waler to take in air When the tide comes In they stop
taking In air and the plant has 10 hold Hs breaih un1il the
!ide goes out
S b) The hair protects the plants from freezing. just k.e
a fur coat
4 bl It dries Into a sticky gum ro seal
DARE YOU DISCOVER ...
c) fhen! reall y are 20Q:)OO billion stars In every grain-of-
sand-sized bit of skyl
COULD YOU FACE SPACE? P55
911-<!r I or 2 wmtld happen. Away from a S!ar,like oor St.
space can be colder than 1 00" C. bur In It can lr.
ho11er than 17f/ C; 5 is no! known to hapoen. a!thouoh
Snot1ies are s1range cretures (ij wouldri happen 1o"'
anyway!), lack of air pressure would make 4 & 5 haw>..n.
Slobs!" me may well do 6, bu1 i1's no! .cien1ifically neces.<..-v:
1 Nould happen due ro space radiation. ancl g Is boond to
happen. although H would come out in floa1ing globules and
loolt vf!J"y
61
ARE WE A CLONE? P55
& r a 1he same
STARTLING SPACE QUIZ P55
"' 2. t' 3 a) & c) Yes. n RfAUY sings- as Hssurface
HeWes od our waves of gases like sound waves. rtwle
fheV Nont reach us here, unless the Sun !.1ar1s
a S"'1fkJn!
Poibi" (hat' air ea 4rra Cliath
Dubin C :y Pubic Ltbtaries

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