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Chlorine
ABN: 81 008 668 371
Chlorine
Recommended use
Water purification, sanitation of swimming pools and industrial wastes, chemical synthesis.
Company name
CSBP Limited
Address State Postcode
Western Australia
Emergency telephone number
6167
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE. Chlorine is classified as hazardous and specified in the NOHSC List of Designated Hazardous Substances [NOHSC:10005 (1999)]. DANGEROUS GOODS. Chlorine is classified for physicochemical hazards and specified as dangerous in the Australian Code for the Transport of Dangerous Goods by Road and Rail (ADG Code), 6th Edition, (FORS, 1998).
Risk Phrases
Chlorine is classified as toxic and corrosive. May cause frostbite. RFb Very toxic by inhalation/if swallowed. R26/28 Causes severe burns. R35 Irritating to eyes/respiratory system/skin. R36/37/38 Risk of serious damage to the eyes. R41 Risk of explosion if heated under confinement. R44 Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure. R48 Very toxic to aquatic organisms. R50 Toxic to flora/fauna/soil organisms/bees. R54/55/56/57 Harmful: may cause lung damage if swallowed. R65 Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking. R66
IF0853 Version No.5.0 Document last modified: 11 July 2005. PDF Created: 11 July 2005.
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Chlorine
ABN: 81 008 668 371 Safety Phrases
Chlorine is a hazardous and dangerous substance. Keep away from living quarters. S4 Keep container tightly closed, dry and in a well ventilated place. S7/8/9/ Keep away from food, drink and animal feeding stuffs, halogens, mineral acids, S13/14 oxidizing agents. When using do not smoke. S21 Do not breathe gas or spray. S23 Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S24/25 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek S26 medical advice. Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. S27 After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of water. S28 Do not empty into drains. S29 Never add water to this product. S30 Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S36/37/39 In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. S38 In case of fire and/or explosion do not breathe fumes. S41 In case of accident or if you feel unwell seek medical advice immediately (show the S45 label where possible). If swallowed, rinse mouth with water (only if the person is conscious), do not S46/62/64 induce vomiting: seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label. Do not mix with halogens, minerals acids and oxidizing agents. S50 Use only in well-ventilated areas. S51 In case of accident by inhalation: remove casualty to fresh air and keep at rest. S63
Poison Schedule
Chlorine
77-50-5
IF0853 Version No.5.0 Document last modified: 11 July 2005. PDF Created: 11 July 2005.
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Chlorine
ABN: 81 008 668 371
IF0853 Version No.5.0 Document last modified: 11 July 2005. PDF Created: 11 July 2005.
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Chlorine
ABN: 81 008 668 371
ADVICE TO DOCTOR. Treat symptomatically and as for exposure to strong inorganic acids. Individuals with pre-existing lung conditions may have increased susceptibility to the toxicity of excessive exposure to pulmonary oedema. In the presence of water, chlorine decomposes to hypochlorous acid and hydrochloric acid. Cellular injury is believed to result from the oxidation of functional groups in cell components, and from reactions with tissue water to form hypochlorous and hydrochloric acid. The idea that chlorine causes direct tissue damage by generating free oxygen radicals is controversial and is now less accepted. Both hypochlorous and hydrochloric acid are highly soluble in water and target predominantly the epithelia of the ocular conjunctivae and upper respiratory mucous membranes. Hypochlorous acid may account for the toxicity of elemental chlorine and hydrochloric acid to the human body. The early response to chlorine exposure depends on (1) the concentration of chlorine gas, (2) duration of exposure, (3) water content of the tissues exposed, and (4) individual susceptibility. For ingestion victims, perform endoscopy in all cases of suspected chlorine gas, or liquid ingestion. In cases of severe oesophageal corrosion, the use of therapeutic doses of steroids should be considered. General supportive measures with continual monitoring of gas exchange, acid-base balance, electrolyte, and fluid intake are also required. Effects of exposure may be delayed. 1. Treatment for chlorine burns to eyes: Irrigate thoroughly for 15 minutes. Stain with fluorescein. If there is any uptake in the stain refer to an ophthalmologist. 2. Treatment for chlorine fumes, or mist inhalation Patients without immediate symptoms may require no treatment, but a full physical examination and a record of respiratory peak flow may be of use in assessing any subsequent respiratory effects. Patients with mild effects: require a full physical examination and peak flow and discharge accordingly, and advised to return if symptoms recur or develop over the following 24 to 36 hours. Patients showing immediate moderate or severe effects: Check lung function and perform chest x-rays. Oxygen and bronchodilators (e.g. salbutamol; orally or inhaled) are used for bronchospasm. Pulmonary oedema should be treated with Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP), or Constant Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP). Corticosteroids, though their role is unproven, may inhibit the inflammatory response and should be considered in severe cases. Antibiotics will be required if pneumonia develops. Monitor arterial blood gases, treat hyperchloraemic acidosis. Rarely, tracheostomy may be necessary for life-threatening laryngeal oedema. Patients with pre-existing respiratory disease: assess and consider admission for at least 24 hours. Followup lug function tests should be obtained following recovery from the acute illness. 3. Treatment for chlorine burns to skin Wash thoroughly with running water or saline. Place any removed clothes in double, sealed, clear bags; and store away in a secure area away from patients and staff. If frostbite has occurred: Remove clothes carefully, these may have to be soaked off. Irrigate the area. Surgical referral may be necessary. If frostbite has not occurred: Irrigate exposed skin with copious amounts of water or saline. Treat burns symptomatically. Skin burns should be treated as a thermal burn. Long Term Complications Long-term complications from chlorine exposure are rare in people who survive a sudden exposure, unless they suffer complications such as pneumonia during therapy, but some reports of chronic reactive airway disease following exposure exist. Chronic bronchitis may develop in people who develop pneumonia, or superimposed infection, during therapy. In most cases, patients recover without long-term pulmonary sequelae. Further information about the treatment for exposure to this product can be obtained from the Poisons Information Centre on (08) 13 1126 (Australia only)
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Chlorine
ABN: 81 008 668 371
Chlorine liquefied gas is not flammable but may support combustion in the absence of oxygen. Most combustibles will burn in chlorine forming toxic and corrosive gases.
Suitable extinguishing media
Water fog. Do not use halogenated extinguishing agents. For large fires flood with fine water spray. Avoid direct contact with water to leaking container surfaces.
Hazard from combustion products
High temperatures, as a result of a fire near to a chlorine container, can result in the rupture of a container. Burning may produce toxic fumes of chlorides.
Special protective precautions and equipment for fire fighters
Fire-fighters should wear respiratory protection (SCBA) and chemical splash suit to prevent exposure to chlorine. Use water spray to keep fire exposed containers cool. Avoid direct contact with water to leaking container surfaces. Continue to cool fire exposed containers until well after flames are extinguished. Use water fog to dampen a chlorine cloud and reduce vapours. Chlorine vapours are heavier than air, and pockets of chlorine are likely to be trapped in low-lying areas. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal. Wet chlorine is very corrosive.
Hazchem Code
2XE
The hazardous nature of chlorine (liquefied gas), require emergency and spill procedures to be effective to avoid both human and environmental exposure. Hazardous conditions may result if material is managed improperly. Make plans in advance to handle possible emergencies, including obtaining stocks of absorbent materials not sawdust. Always wear recommended personal protective equipment and respiratory protection. Good ventilation is necessary. One volume of liquid chlorine released from a container at ambient temperature and pressure will dissipate into approximately 500 volumes of gaseous chlorine. Therefore, if a chlorine container is leaking, if possible, try to position it so that gas, rather than liquid leaks out. Chlorine vapours are heavier than air, and pockets of chlorine are likely to be trapped in low lying areas. Chlorine does not dissolve readily in water, but a reaction with water will produce corrosive hypochlorous and hydrochloric acids, which can aggravate a chlorine leak. Avoid direct water contact with chlorine leaks.
Methods and Materials for containment and clean up
For ALL leaks and spills, immediately evacuate all unprotected personnel upwind and out of danger area. Use self contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing. If possible and safe to do so, shut off chlorine (gas/liquid) supply. If chlorine container is leaking, if possible and safe to do so, try to position the container so that gaseous chlorine rather than liquid chlorine leaks out. Shut off all possible sources of ignition. Stay upwind of vapours. Restrict access to leak/spill site. Containers with leaking valves should be capped and returned to manufacture for disposal. Small Leaks Gas: Increase ventilation and allow gas to vent to a safe area Liquid: If possible minimise the surface area of a spill by bunding with earth or vermiculite, not sawdust. Allow vaporisation to a safe area. May be absorbed or neutralised into alkaline solutions of caustic soda, lime or soda ash. Prevent run-off into drains, sewers and waterways.
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Chlorine
ABN: 81 008 668 371
Large Leaks Gas: Use water fog to dampen a chlorine cloud and reduce vapours. Do not spray water directly on the leak or chlorine container. Liquid: If possible minimise the surface area of a spill by bunding with earth or vermiculite, not sawdust. Use synthetic foam blanket, at least 150 mm thick, to cover liquid chlorine and thus prevent evaporation into large gas cloud. Use water fog to dampen a chlorine cloud and reduce vapours. May be absorbed or neutralised into alkaline solutions of caustic soda, lime or soda ash. Prevent run-off into drains and waterways. Dispose of all contained spill residues in accordance with the requirements of the Department of Environment. For the management of chlorine (liquefied gas) emergencies during transport by road or rail, SAA/SNZ HB76:2004: Dangerous Goods-Initial Response Guide, Guide 12 should be consulted. This Guide should be carried at all times when chlorine (liquefied gas) is being transported. Clean up personnel will need personal protection equipment and respiratory protection. Portable safety shower and eyewash facilities may also be needed for clean up personnel. Synthetic foam blanket may be required for large spills. Chemical absorbent not sawdust and substantial amounts of water will also be required for large spills. Specialised capping equipment for leaking valves is also required.
Chlorine (liquefied gas) is a SUSDP Poison Schedule 7 substance, and regulated as a dangerous goods Toxic Gas Class 2; with a subsidiary risk listing in Class 8, Corrosive. In the event of a leak or release, proper protective clothing must be worn that encapsulates the body including the face. A safety shower and eyewash should be available. Do not breathe vapour or mist. Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Do not touch with bare skin any surface that has been iced by the storage of chlorine (liquefied gas). If skin sticks to the surface of iced chlorine storage and carrying equipment, thaw out with lukewarm water before removing failure to do so will result in serious injury and frostbite. Do not add water to chlorine (liquefied gas). Wet chlorine is very corrosive. Do not smoke anywhere near the storage and handling of chlorine (liquefied gas) or associated pipework and equipment. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Change and wash clothing, and personal protective equipment if contaminated, or before storing and/or reusing. Wash hands and face thoroughly after handling and before work breaks, eating, drinking, smoking and using toilet facilities.
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
Store in accordance with Australian Standard AS/NZS 2927 The storage and handling of liquefied chlorine gas (SAA Chlorine Code). Always store cylinders upright, in a cool, dry well ventilated area, protected from weather, sunlight and direct heat. Intense localised heat may cause chlorine containers to explode. Periodically check chlorine storage containers for leaks, using a 5% vol/vol aqueous ammonia test bottle. Store away from hydrocarbon gases (methane, acetylene, ethylene, and ethane) which can react explosively if initiated by sunlight. Store away from liquid or solid hydrocarbons (natural synthetic rubbers, naphtha, turpentine, petrol, fuel gas, lubricating oils, greases, or waxes) which can react violently. Store away from finely divided aluminium, brass, copper, manganese, tin, steel and iron, which can react vigorously and violently with chlorine. Nitrogen compounds (ammonia, ammonium compounds and urea) react with chlorine to form highly explosive nitrogen chloride. Phosphorus, boron, activated carbon and silicon can ignite on contact with gaseous chlorine at room temperature. Chlorine is highly corrosive to most metals in the presence of moisture copper may burn spontaneously. Chlorine will react with most metals at elevated temperatures. Titanium will burn at ambient temperature in the presence of dry chlorine. Moist chlorine will not react with titanium.
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Chlorine
ABN: 81 008 668 371
No data available.
Engineering controls
Use in open, or well ventilated areas. Use local and /or general exhaust ventilation to keep inhalation exposures below the exposure standard and as low as possible.
Personal protective equipment
Personal protective equipment (PPE) should be used where other control measures are not practicable or adequate to control exposure. It should be chosen to prevent routine exposure and to protect workers in the case of accidental splashes, spillage or release. Eye/face protection: Wear chemical goggles and face shield to prevent eye and facial contact. Skin protection: Wear PVC (or Viton) gauntlet gloves to prevent skin contact. Wear PVC (or Viton) jacket and trousers to prevent contact. A complete encapsulating suit is recommended for heavy exposures. Respiratory protection: When opening chlorine (liquefied gas) container valves and connecting and disconnecting chlorine (liquefied gas) lines wear full face breathing apparatus (or ensure it is readily available for immediate use) with type ABEK1 cartridge, or air supplied full face mask complying with AS/NZ 1715 and AS/NZ 1716. Thermal hazard: Wear thermal chemical resistant gloves if handling iced lines.
Not applicable.
Vapour pressure
6400 kPa at 20 C.
Vapour density
-346 C at 1 atmosphere
Solubility
-101 C at 1 atmosphere
461 mL of gas/mL of water at 0 C and 1 atmosphere; soluble in alkalis, alcohols, and chlorides.
Specific gravity or density
Liquid: 1467 g/L at 0 C and 1 atmosphere; Gas: 298 g/L at 20 C and 1 atmosphere
Flash point and method of detecting flash point
No data available
Upper and lower flammable (explosive) limits in air
No data available
Viscosity
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Chlorine
ABN: 81 008 668 371
Dry chlorine is normally stable in steel containers at normal ambient conditions. The stability of free chlorine in natural water is very low because it is a strong oxidizing agent and rapidly oxidizes inorganic compounds. It also oxidizes organic compounds, but more slowly than inorganic compounds.
Conditions to avoid
Avoid wet or humid conditions, extreme heat, and contact with incompatible chemicals during storage, handling and usage of chlorine.
Incompatible materials
Chlorine is extremely reactive. Liquid or gaseous chlorine can react violently with many combustible materials, and other chemicals, including water. Metal halides, carbon, finely divided metals and sulfides can accelerate the rate of chlorine reactions. Chlorine is extremely corrosive to most metals in the presence of moisture or at high temperatures. Chlorine combines with water to produce hydrochloric and hypochlorous acids. Chlorine reacts with carbon monoxide to produce toxic phosgene, and with sulfur dioxide to produce very toxic and corrosive sulfuryl chloride.
Hazardous decomposition products
No hazardous decomposition products. High temperatures, as a result of a fire near to a chlorine container, can result in the rupture of a container.
Hazardous reactions
Chlorine reacts with carbon monoxide to produce toxic phosgene, and with sulfur dioxide to produce very toxic and corrosive sulfuryl chloride. Liquefied chlorine can react violently, explosively or ignite on contact with silicones, finely divided metals, solvents, oils and other hydrocarbons.
IF0853 Version No.5.0 Document last modified: 11 July 2005. PDF Created: 11 July 2005.
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Chlorine
ABN: 81 008 668 371
Skin: Chlorine liquid will cause severe burns and necrosis. Chlorine gas will cause irritation, including redness and itching, and at high concentrations burns and blistering. Eye: Contact with chlorine liquid will cause severe eye burns and permanent eye damage. Chlorine gas will cause severe irritations and burns, at high concentrations, leading to redness and pain following contact. Swallowed: Chlorine liquid will cause severe burns to the mouth, oesophagus and stomach, accompanied by a severe burning sensation. Severe scarring of tissue and death may result. Chlorine gas will cause severe irritation and burns. Symptoms include bleeding, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea and fall in blood pressure. Damage may appear days after exposure. Chronic: Prolonged or repeated exposure to chlorine gas may result in pulmonary function effects, and will cause drying of the skin with cracking, irritation and blistering that may lead to dermatitis and necrosis. Pneumonitis respiratory distress and chest pain generally subsides within 72 hours, cough may persist for up to 14 days, however, in one case reduced airflow and mild hypoxemia persisted for 14 months. Erosion of tooth enamel has been recorded due to repeated chlorine gas exposure.
Highly toxic to all forms of aquatic life. May cause changes in aqueous ecological systems. Vegetation contacted with chlorine or exposed to significant vapour concentrations may suffer leaf scorching
Persistence and degradability
No data available
Environmental fate (exposure)
Fish toxicity (mortality) 96 hrs LC50 (Etheostoma spectabile Orange darter): 390 g/L; Invertebrate toxicity (mortality) 1 hr LC50 (Crassostrea gigas Pacific oyster): 6375 g/L; Algal toxicity (population) 23 hrs (Algae Phytoplankton, algal mat): 50 1,000 g/L; Phytotoxicity (growth) 96 days (Myriophyllum spicatum Water-milfoil): 20 g/L.
Bioaccumulative potential
There is no potential for bioaccumulation or bioconcentration due to reactivity with moisture and tissues.
Due to its inherent properties, hazardous conditions may result if material is managed improperly. Dispose of in accordance with Department of Environment requirements. Shut all valves in empty containers. As required under the ADG Code treat empty containers as filled containers.
Special precautions for landfill or incineration
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Chlorine
ABN: 81 008 668 371
1017
UN Proper shipping name
Chlorine
Class and subsidiary risk
I
Special precautions for user
Transport in accordance with the Australian Code for the Transport of Dangerous Goods by Road and Rail. Transport in open ventilated vehicle, cylinders upright and secured, drum placed lengthwise in the truck tray, with the valve end facing away from the vehicle. Do not transport in confined spaces like refrigerated compartments of vehicles. The amount of chlorine remaining in a cylinder, or drum, should be determined by weight, since the cylinder pressure will remain constant as long as liquid remains in the cylinder, or drum.
Hazchem code
2XE
SUSDP POISON Schedule 7. Licensing is required for this chemical in all States and Territories. Listed on the Australian Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS).
Additional national and/or international regulatory information
NOHSC SUSDP ES-TWA ES-STEL ES-Peak FORS LC50: LD50 %(wt/wt) %(wt/vol) PPM Zone 1 Class 1
National Occupational Health and Safety Commission Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons Exposure Standard Time weighted average Exposure Standard Short term exposure level Exposure Standard Peak level Federal Office of Road and Safety Lethal concentration 50, median lethal concentration Lethal dose 50. The single dose of a substance that causes the death of 50% of an animal population from exposure to the substance by any route other than inhalation Percent amount on a weight per weight basis Percent amount on a weight per volume basis Parts per million An area in which an explosive gas atmosphere can be expected to occur periodically or occasionally during normal operation. (More than 10 hours per year but less than 1000 hours per year)
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Chlorine
ABN: 81 008 668 371 Literature references
Occupational Safety and Health Regulations 1996, State Law Publisher, Western Australia, Reprinted 15 October 1999. National Code of Practice for the Preparation of Material Safety Data Sheets, [NOHSC:2011(1994)], Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, March 1994. Australian Code for the Transport of Dangerous Goods by Road and Rail, 6th Edition, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, January 1998. Chemical Rubber Handbook, D.R. Lide, CRC Press, 65th Edition, Boca Ratn, 1987. Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, R.H. Perry & D. Green, 6th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1984. International Critical Tables of Numerical Data, Physics, Chemistry and Technology, National Research Council, 1st Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1928. Condensed Chemical Dictionary, G.G Hawley, 8th Edition, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1950. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Chemicals, N.I.Sax & R.J. Lewis (Sr), 7th Edition, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1984. Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, F.A. Patty, 3rd Revised Edition, G.D. & F.E. Clayton (Editors), John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1981. Matheson Gas Data Book, W.Braker & A.L. Mossman, 6th Edition, Matheson Gas Products, Secaucus, 1980. Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety, International Labour Office, 4th Edition, J.M. Stellman (Editor), Geneva, 1998 Kirk-Othmer Encyclopaedia of Chemical Technology, 4th Edition, Wiley InterScience, New York, 1997. Ullmann's Encyclopaedia of Industrial Chemistry, F. Ulmann, 6th Edition, Wiley Interscience, New York, 2001. Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons, National Health and Medical Research Council, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 1992. Poisons Act 1964, State Law Publisher, Western Australia, Reprinted 22 January 1999. Adopted National Exposure Standards for Atmospheric Contaminants in the Occupational Environmant, [NHSC:1003(1991)]. Hazardous Materials Handbook for Emergency Responders, Onguard Training for Life, J. Varela (Editor), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1996. Chemwatch www.chemwatch.net
Sources for data
No data available.
Important Notes
1. 2. To the best of our knowledge this document complies with the National Code of Practice for the Preparation of Material Safety Data Sheets 2nd Edition [NOHSC:2011 (2003)]. This material safety data sheet summarises our best knowledge of the health and safety hazard information of the product and how to safely handle and use the product in the workplace. Each user should read this material safety data sheet and consider the information in the context of how the product will be handled and used in the workplace, including in conjunction with other products. If clarification or further information is needed to ensure that an appropriate risk assessment can be made, the user should contact the Safety and Emergency Services Department, CSBP Limited on (08) 9411 8777 (Australia), +61 8 9411 8777 (Overseas). Our responsibility for products sold, is subject to our terms and conditions, a copy of which is sent to our customers, and is also available on request. CSBP reserves the right to make change to material safety data sheets without notice.
3.
4. 5.
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