Buenaventura Durruti - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

15/05/13 12:20 PM

Buenaventura Durruti
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jos Buenaventura Durruti Dumange (14 July 1896 20 November 1936) was a central figure of Spanish anarchism during the period leading up to and including the Spanish Civil War.

Buenaventura Durruti

Contents
1 Biography 1.1 Early life 1.2 In the Civil War 2 Death 3 Legacy 4 Gallery 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 External links

Buenaventura Durruti in 1936. Born Jos Buenaventura Durruti Dumange 14 July 1896 Len, Spain 20 November 1936 (aged 40) Madrid, Spain

Biography
Early life

Died

Occupation Mechanic

Durruti was born in Len, Spain, son of Anastasia Signature Dumangue and Santiago Durruti, a railway worker in the yard at Leon who described himself as a libertarian socialist. Buenaventura was the second of eight brothers (one was killed in the October 1934 uprising in the Asturias, another died fighting the Fascists on the Madrid front). In 1910, aged 14, Durruti left school to become a trainee mechanic in the railway yard in Len. Like his father, he joined the socialist Unin General de Trabajadores (UGT). He took an active part in the strike of August 1917 called by the UGT when the government overturned an agreement between the union and the employers. The government brought in the Spanish Army to suppress the strike; they killed 70 people and injured more than 500 workers. 2,000 of the strikers were imprisoned without trial or legal process. Durruti managed to escape, but had to flee abroad to France where he came into contact with exiled anarchists. The brutality of the Spanish State had a profound and lasting effect on the young Durruti. From the fall of 1917 until the beginning of 1920, Durruti worked in Paris as a mechanic. He then decided to return to Spain and arrived at San Sebastian, Basque Country, just across the border. Here, he was introduced to local anarchists such as Suberviola, Ruiz, Aldabatrecu or Marcelino del Campo, with whom he formed the anarchist armedstruggle group Los Justicieros ("The Avengers"). In 1921, during the inauguration of the Great Kursaal in San Sebastian, members of this group attempted unsuccessfully to assassinate King Alfonso XIII. Shortly
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenaventura_Durruti Page 1 of 5

Buenaventura Durruti - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

15/05/13 12:20 PM

after Buenasca, the then President of the recently-formed anarchistcontrolled Confederacion Nacional del Trabajo CNT, persuaded Durruti to go to Barcelona to organise the workers there where the anarchist movement, as well as the syndicalists, was being brutally suppressed and most of its members jailed or executed. Here, with Juan Garca Oliver, Francisco Ascaso, and other members of Los Justicieros, he founded Los Solidarios ("Solidarity"). In 1923 the group was also implicated in the assassination of Cardinal Juan Soldevilla y Romero, as a reprisal for the killing of an anarchosyndicalist union activist Salvador Segu. After Miguel Primo de Rivera seized power in Spain in 1923, Durruti and his comrades organized attacks on the military barracks in Barcelona and on the border stations near France. These attacks were unsuccessful and quite a few anarchists were killed. Following these defeats, Durruti, Ascaso and Oliver fled to Latin America. They subsequently travelled widely, visiting Cuba and carrying out bank robberies in Chile and Argentina.[1] Durruti and his companions returned to Spain and Barcelona, becoming an influential militant within two of the largest anarchist organisations in Spain at the time, the Federacin Anarquista Ibrica (FAI), and of the anarcho-syndicalist trade union Confederacin Nacional del Trabajo (CNT). The influence Durruti's group gained inside the CNT caused a split, with a reformist faction under ngel Pestaa leaving in 1931 and subsequently forming the Syndicalist Party.
Durruti (in the middle) with his colleagues Francisco Ascaso (left) and Gregorio Jover (right)

In the Civil War

Working closely with his comrades in the FAI and CNT Durruti helped to co-ordinate armed resistance to the military rising of Francisco Franco, an effort which was to prove vital in preventing General Goded's attempt to seize control of Barcelona. During the battle for the Atarazanas Barracks, Durruti's long-time comrade and closest friend Ascaso was shot dead. Less than a week later, on 24 July 1936 Durruti led over 3,000 armed anarchists (later to become known as the Durruti Column) from Barcelona to Zaragoza. After a brief and bloody battle at Caspe (in Aragn), they halted at Pina de Ebro, on the advice of a regular army officer, postponing an assault on Zaragoza.

Death
On 12 November, having been persuaded to leave Aragn by the anarchist leader Federica Montseny on behalf of the government, Durruti led his militia to Madrid to aid in the defense of the city. On 19 November, he was shot while leading a counterattack in the Casa de Campo area. (See also Battle of Madrid.) According to author Antony Beevor (The Spanish Civil War, 1982), Durruti was killed when a companion's machine pistol went off by mistake. He assessed that at the time, the anarchists lied and claimed he had been hit by an enemy sniper's bullet "for reasons of morale and propaganda". Another account of Durruti's death, given in Durruti: The People Armed by Abel Paz, claims that rather than being shot by a fellow soldier he was killed by distant gunfire coming from the area around the Clinical Hospital in University City (Madrid), which had been taken over by Nationalist forces. After a fight to regain control and contact was re-established with troops cut off from communications, Durruti returned
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenaventura_Durruti Page 2 of 5

Buenaventura Durruti - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

15/05/13 12:20 PM

temporarily to the Miguel-Angel barracks to issue orders. A message from Liberto Roig arrived informing Durruti that the Clinical Hospital was in the process of being evacuated. Alarmed, he asked his Chauffeur Julio Grave to get his car and leave immediately for the Hospital. His chauffeur gives the following testimonial: We passed a little group of hotels which are at the bottom of this avenue (Queen Victoria Avenue) and we turned towards the right. Arriving at the big street, we saw a group of militiamen coming towards us. Durruti thought it was some young men who were leaving the front. This area was completely destroyed by the bullets coming from the Clinical Hospital, which had been taken during these days by the Moors and which dominated all the environs. Durruti had me stop the car which I parked in the angle of one of those little hotels as a precaution. Durruti got out of the auto and went towards the militiamen. He asked them where they were going. As they didn't know what to say, he ordered them to return to the front. The militiamen obeyed and Durruti returned towards the car. The rain of bullets became stronger. From the vast red heap of the clinical Hospital, the Moors and the Guardia Civil were shooting furiously. Reaching the door of the machine, Durruti collapsed, a bullet through his chest. He died on 20 November 1936, at the age of 40, in a makeshift operating theatre set up in what was formerly the Ritz Hotel. The bullet was lodged in the heart, and the diagnosis was "death caused by pleural haemorrhage". The doctors wrote a report in which the path of the bullet and the character of the wound was recorded but not the calibre of the bullet, since they hadn't removed it and there was no autopsy.

Legacy
"It is we [the workers] who built these palaces and cities, here in Spain and in America and everywhere. We, the workers. We can build others to take their place. And better ones! We are not in the least afraid of ruins. We are going to inherit the earth. There is not the slightest doubt about that. The bourgeoisie might blast and ruin its own world before it leaves the stage of history. We carry a new world here, in our hearts. [...] That world is growing in this minute." Buenaventura Durruti [2]

At first, Durruti's death was not made public, for morale reasons. Durruti's body was transported across the country to Barcelona for his funeral. Over a half million people filled the streets to accompany the cortege during its route to the Montjuc Cemetery. It was the last large-scale public demonstration of anarchist strength of numbers during the bitter and bloody Civil War. Hugh Thomas remarks: the death of Durruti marked the end of the classic age of Spanish Anarchism. An Anarchist poet proclaimed that Durrutis nobility while living would cause a legion of Durrutis to spring up behind him.[3]

Durruti's grave at Montjuc Cemetery, Barcelona

Gallery
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenaventura_Durruti Page 3 of 5

Buenaventura Durruti - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

15/05/13 12:20 PM

Durruti on campaign in the Front of Aragn

Anarchist poster from the Spanish Revolution showing Durruti as an example and the people's hero

Corpse of Durruti showing the mortal bullet wound in the torax

Durruti's grave full of flowers on the 69th anniversary of his death

See also
Anarchism in Spain Anarchist Catalonia The Durutti Column, a rock band whose name derives from Durruti.

Notes
1. ^ Paz, Abel (2007). Durruti in the Spanish Revolution. Oakland: AK. ISBN 1-904859-50-X. 2. ^ Durruti Dumange, Jos Buenaventura: 2 000 000 anarchists fight for revolution says Spanish leader. Interview by Pierre Van Paasen. The Toronto Daily Star. 18th August, pp 1, 5 (note: interview made on 5th August 1936). 3. ^ Thomas, The Spanish Civil War 416

References
Hugh Thomas The Spanish Civil War. Middlesex, England: Penguin Books Ltd., 1965. Emma Goldman Durruti is Dead, Yet Living (http://libcom.org/library/durruti-is-dead-yet-livingemma-goldman) (1936). Antony Beevor The Spanish Civil War (1982). Abel Paz Durruti in the Spanish Revolution, Translated by Chuck W. Morse, AK Press, 2007. ISBN 1-904859-50-X. Pedro de Paz The Man Who Killed Durruti [1] (http://www.tvhastingschristiebooks.com/documents/durrutihome.html) Read and Noir (2005). Hans Magnus Enzensberger The Short Summer of Anarchy: Life and Death of Buenaventura Durruti (1972) (originally: Der kurze Sommer der Anarchie: Buenaventura Durrutis Leben und Tod). Collective work Buenaventura Durruti, a double CD [2] (http://www.natomusic.fr/catalogue/musiquejazz/cd/nato-disque.php?id=119) nato, (1996).

External links
Buenaventura Durruti in the Spanish Revolution. Biopic by Paco Rios based on the book by Abel Paz
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenaventura_Durruti Page 4 of 5

Buenaventura Durruti - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

15/05/13 12:20 PM

(http://www.espanafreetv.com/documents/film_directors.html) Biography of Buenaventura Durruti (http://www.libcom.org/history/articles/1896-1936-buenaventuradurruti) at libcom.org history. Buenaventura Durruti (http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/Durruti.htm) at the Anarchist Encyclopedia. The first days of the Spanish Revolution, Durruti & the Durruti column... (often misspelled as Durutti) (http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/DurrutiColumnEarly.htm) at The Daily Bleed. Website about Buenaventura Durruti (http://flag.blackened.net/revolt/spain/durruti.html) Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buenaventura_Durruti&oldid=554342036" Categories: 1896 births 1936 deaths People from Len, Spain Confederacin Nacional del Trabajo members Spanish anarchists Spanish military personnel of the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction) Spanish military personnel killed in action Deaths by firearm in Spain Anarcho-syndicalists Anarchist partisans Anarchist assassins Spanish anti-fascists Anarchist communists Burials at Montjuc Cemetery Spanish revolutionaries Spanish rebels Spanish atheists Spanish casualties of the Spanish Civil War This page was last modified on 9 May 2013 at 20:27. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenaventura_Durruti

Page 5 of 5