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2 1200 0 V
VI I
V
Z+
= = = = Z+
Z
S
S
Power Factor Correction
Loads with a small power factor can draw larger
currents than necessary.
Large line currents lead to larger voltage drops along the
line, and increased heating
The power factor can be corrected to a unit pf by
adding a complimentary reactive load.
Residential and industrial loads typically have a lagging power
factor, thus are corrected with a capacitor placed in parallel
The power factor corrector (PFC) cancels the
reactive power of the load
Note the load itself still has the same pf. The PFC shares
stored energy with the load, such that the source only has to
provide the average power in the steady-state.
EE221S.Gedney,UniversityofKentucky
1
| |
P
I
pf V
=
Example of a PFC
Find the reactance of the pfc that leads to a unit
power factor. Find the capacitance of the pfc. Also,
find the line current with and without the pfc.
Solution:
To correct to a pf = 1.0, the pfc must have the complex
power:
EE221S.Gedney,UniversityofKentucky
1
*
*
10kW
cos (0.8) 12.5 36.87 kVA=10 kW + 7.5kVars
0.8
12,500 36.87
3.125A
4,000
rms
j
I
V
= Z+ = Z
Z
= = =
S
S
7.5kVars
pfc
jQ j = = S
PFC Example, continued
Since the complex power of the pfc has a -90 degree load
angle, it must be a capacitor. The capacitance can be found
since we know Q, the voltage, and .
Finally, with the PFC, the net power of the load + PFC
The resulting line current is:
EE221S.Gedney,UniversityofKentucky
2
2
6
2 2
| |
| |
7,500
1.24 10 F 1.24 F
120 (4,000) | |
pfc
C
V
jQ j C V
Z
jQ
C
j V
e
t e
= = =
= = = =
S
10 kW+0 Vars
net pfc load
j = + = S S S
*
*
10,000
2.5A
4,000
rms
I
V
= = =
S