98

DESCRIPTIVE METHODS FOR CONTINUOUS DATA

TABLE E2.18 LDL (mmol/L) Subject 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Cornakes 4.61 6.42 5.40 4.54 3.98 3.82 5.01 4.34 3.80 4.56 5.35 3.89 2.25 4.24 Oat Bran 3.84 5.57 5.85 4.80 3.68 2.96 4.41 3.72 3.49 3.84 5.26 3.73 1.84 4.14

2.19

An experiment was conducted at the University of CaliforniaBerkeley to study the eect of psychological environment on the anatomy of the brain. A group of 19 rats was randomly divided into two groups. Twelve animals in the treatment group lived together in a large cage furnished with playthings that were changed daily; animals in the control group lived in isolation with no toys. After a month, the experimental animals were killed and dissected. Table E2.19 gives the cortex weights (the thinking part of the brain) in milligrams. Calculate separately for each group the mean x, variance s 2 , and standard deviation s of the cortex weight.
TABLE E2.19 Treatment 707 740 745 652 649 676 699 696 712 708 749 690 Control 669 650 651 627 656 642 698

2.20

Ozone levels around Los Angeles have been measured as high as 220 parts per billion (ppb). Concentrations this high can cause the eyes to burn and are a hazard to both plant and animal life. But what about

EXERCISES

99

other cities? The following are data (ppb) on the ozone level obtained in a forested area near Seattle, Washington: 160 176 162 163 169 165 163 185 161 164 170 196 167 167 179 172 162 180 173 163 161 160 168 162 178

(a) Calculate x, s 2 , and s; compare the mean to that of Los Angeles. (b) Calculate the coecient of variation. 2.21 The systolic blood pressures (in mmHg) of 12 women between the ages of 20 and 35 were measured before and after administration of a newly developed oral contraceptive (Table E2.21). Focus on the column of dierences in the table; calculate the mean x, variance s 2 , and standard deviation s.
TABLE E2.21 Subject 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Before 122 126 132 120 142 130 142 137 128 132 128 129 After 127 128 140 119 145 130 148 135 129 137 128 133 AfterBefore Dierence, di 5 2 8 1 3 0 6 2 1 5 0 4

2.22

A group of 12 hemophiliacs, all under 41 years of age at the time of HIV seroconversion, were followed from primary AIDS diagnosis until death (ideally, we should take as a starting point the time at which a person contracts AIDS rather than the time at which the patient is diagnosed, but this information is unavailable). Survival times (in months) from diagnosis until death of these hemophiliacs were: 2, 3, 6, 6, 7, 10, 15, 15, 16, 27, 30, and 32. Calculate the mean, geometric mean, and median. Suppose that we are interested in studying patients with systemic cancer who subsequently develop a brain metastasis; our ultimate goal is to prolong their lives by controlling the disease. A sample of 23 such

2.23