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1. WSTĘP
Start
Tak
4. PROCES OPTYMALIZACJI
Każdy osobnik w danym pokoleniu jest oceniany pod kątem stopnia jego
dopasowania za pomocą funkcji celu, określonej wzorem (1).
2
⎛N ⎞ ND ⎛ ⎛ ⎞⎞
Q( S ) = ⎜ v ⎟ ⋅ ∑ ⎜ Pr t (i ) ⋅ N v (i ) ⋅ ⎜ v(i ) + 1 ⎟ ⎟ (1)
⎜N ⎟ i =1 ⎜ ⎜ s (i ) ⎟⎠ ⎟⎠
⎝ vp ⎠ ⎝ ⎝
6 ,5
5 ,5
5
Średni błąd kwadratowy
4 ,5
3 ,5
3
2 ,5
2
1 ,5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
a) b)
c) d)
2250
2000
Min
1750
A vg
1500 Max
1250
1000
750
500
250
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Pokolenie
5. PODSUMOWANIE
LITERATURA
[1] Delight E., Provido B., Ramires M. A., Tabares W. C., Saldaña P. R., Computer Simulations of
Traffic on Road Intersections, not published
[2] Esser J., Schreckenberg M., Microscopic Simulation of urban traffic based on cellular automata,
International Journal of Modern Physics C, Vol. 8, No. 5 (1997) 1025-1036
[3] Liu, H. L., Oh, J.-S., and Recker, W. (2002). Adaptive signal control system with on-line
performance measure. In 81st Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board.
[4] Miaoqing F., Foong W. W., Investigate Traffic Flow Using Cellular Automata, An USC3001
report 2003/2004
[5] Michalewicz Z, “Algorytmy genetyczne + struktury danych = programy ewolucyjne", Warszawa
Wydawnictwa Naukowo-Techniczne, 2003.
[6] Nagel K., Schreckenberg M., Traffic jam dynamics in stochastic cellular automata, 95ATS089.
1997
[7] Nagel K., Wolf D. E., Wagner P., Simon P. M., Two-lane traffic rules for cellular automata: A
systematic approach, Phys. Rev. E, Vol 58 No. 2, (Aug. 1998)
[8] Nagel K., Simon P. M., Simpliffied cellular automaton model for city traffic, Phys. Rev. E. 58,
1286 (1997)
[9] Rechenberg, I. (1989). Evolution strategy: Nature’s way of optimization. In Bergmann, editor,
Methods and Applications, Possibilities and Limitations, pages 106–126. Lecture notes in
Engineering.
[10] Tavladakis K. and Voulgaris, N. C. (1999). Development of an autonomous adaptive traffic
control system. In ESIT ’99 - The European Symposium on Intelligent Techniques.
[11] Ten-T expert group on ITS for road traffic management (2002). Deployment of intelligent
transport systems on the trans-european road network. Technical Report, European Commision.
[12] Komar Z., Cz. Wolek, “Inżynieria ruchu drogowego. Wybrane zagadnienia.”, Wydawnictwo
Politechniki Wrocławskiej 1994
With the growth of modern cities and the reliance of many of their populations on personal
automobiles for the primary mode of transport, we need to use batter traffic management systems.
There are substantial benefits to be derived from improved traffic flow. In this paper we study the
optimization of traffic lights controllers and present an adaptive approach based on genetic algorithm.
We focus on optimize traffic light plan on one isolated intersection by setting the sequence and green
light time on each phase. We present obtained results and possible improvements.