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Copyright by Michael G. Ellis, Ph.D. More Tutorials

The word Predistortion originated from filter theory.

Lowpass filter with perfect inductors

Response of our perfect filter

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But the inductors are not infinite Q's, so that act like they have resistors in series with them. This can cause the response to be unacceptable.

A really unacceptable frequency response due to using real inductors with finite Q's.

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Predistortion involves modifying the values of the inductors and capacitors so that the resulting frequency response is as close as possible to the desired response using real inductors with finite Q's.

The results are never quite as good as using ideal inductors, but usually the results are acceptable.

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Figure: A linear system

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Sine wave with only odd order distortion

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Sine wave with even order distortion

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A typical CATV laser transmitter contains a laser, Mach-Zehnder modulator, and 50-870 MHz RF input. The Mach-Zehnder is not linear.

The Mach-Zehnder produces both even and odd order distortion.

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How do we apply the input signal so that the Mach-Zehnder has no even order distortion?

or

or

This is called the Composite Second Order (CSO) Control Loop

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Now the even order distortion problem is solved.

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The Entire Block Diagram

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The 3rd order predistortion circuit must have the inverse function of the Mach-Zehnder to cancel it out.

Notice that the 3rd-order predistortion network cascaded with the Mach-Zehnder will produce a linear transfer function.

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We need a circuit that provides more gain at the positive and negative peaks of the RF input signal than at the middle of the RF input signal.

How do we do this?

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With diodes, or course. A diode has less resistance as the current through it is increased.

A working predistortion network. The top 2 diodes have less and less resistance as the input signal goes more and more positive, and the bottom two diodes have less and less resistance as the input signal goes more and more negative.

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The Diode Equation

With a source resistance of Rs and a load resistance of RL, and M=2 for the number of diodes, the transfer function becomes

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where

Deriving this may take an hour, a day, or longer, depending on your training in high school algebra

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We must (1) solve the previous equation iteratively, (2) cascade the output voltage, VL, with

, and (3) take the Fourier transform of the Light Out to look at any remaining 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 9th order distortion. This tells us if we have cancelled the 3rd order distortion (linearized the Mach-Zenhder transfer function) without increasing the 5th, 7th, and 9th order products too much.

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The code for the Fourier transform For harmon = 1 to 20 twopi = 2*3.141592654 sine = 0: cosine=0 towpipt = twopi/pt for i = 1 to pt if i = 1 then oldcos = 1 oldsin = 0 end if x = i*twopipt newcos = cos(x) newsin=sin(x) sine=-(newcos-oldcos)*b(i)+sine cosine=(newsin-oldsin)*b(i)+cosine oldcos=newcos oldsin=newsin next i engy(harmon)=(sine^2+cosine^2)/(2*twopi) next harmon

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Test Your Knowledge Linearizer Mach-Zenhder Predistorting 3rd order Composite Second Order Staff of 20 people 2 years development time

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Intermission. How long was the hundred years war?

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116 years.

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What was King George IV's first name?

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Albert

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Where are Panama hats made?

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In Equador

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Where do Chinese gooseberries come from?

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New Zealand

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What is a camel's hair brush made from?

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Squirrel's hair

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Intermission over.

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