GREEN PARK VILLAGE ECO FRIENDLY HOTEL ENERGY/ DEWETS PROJECT

SOLAR POWER WATER BIO GASS BIO FUEL

Technical Description about DEWATS June 06

GREEN PARK VILLAGE REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT

Sustainable development implies development that meets the needs of the present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to do the same. Green Park Village Real Estate project aims at sustainably developing approximately 150 houses occupying 31.5 acres of land. Pollution-free environment, recycling and reuse of biogas and treated wastewater used for irrigation and soil improvement; and utilization of biogas for cooking and heating, will be the characteristics of this project. Green Park Village Real Estate Development is located at Budebude Village approximately 5 Km from Bagamoyo town. This 100% environmentally friendly project will incorporate the following developments:

SOLAR ROOF
Solar electricity or energy means that radiant energy from the sun is converted to electricity (PV or Photo Voltaic). Suntech Industries develop, manufacture, and delivers the worlds most reliable and cost-effective solar energy solutions. The estate project will offer clean power for every residence, from off-grid systems to homes. Solar energy powers homes and protects the environment while reducing monthly electricity bills and insufficient energy supply. Suntech Just Roof Solar is a building- integrated Photo Voltaic system (BIPV), designed to form the complete roof, replacing tiles or other roof coverings. Due to Just Roofs built-in reliability, there has not been a single instance of water leakage installed on more than 4000 homes since its introduction in 1994. This level of experience in the field combined with continuous improvements means that Just Roof is the worlds most proven, practical building- integrated Photo Voltaic system, giving complete peace of mind. Reasons to choose solar roof include: all black design and interlocking modules; multiple waterproofing features and real world experience; high efficiency mono-crystalline cells that give up to 132Wp/m2 and the simple mounting system allows installation within one working day. The residence living area of 20*10m2 with solar roof will generate electricity equivalent to 5VKA.

WATER
The development of the real estate will put up boreholes for the extraction of clean and safe water supply for domestic consumption. Boreholes are used as water wells and will be constructed on the project site. This will make water-accessibility easier for the whole community. Typically, a borehole used as a well is completed by installing a vertical pipe (casing) and a well- screen to keep the borehole from caving. This also helps prevent surface contaminants from entering the borehole and protects any installed pump from drawing in sand and sediment. When completed in this manner the borehole is then more commonly called a well. Boreholes will be drilled by using a drilling rig, or by a hand-operated rig. The machinery and technique to advance a borehole varies considerably according to the manufacturer, geological conditions, and the intended purpose. Fully automated systems with poly storage tanks, centrifugal pump are supported by electricity from solar energy and pressure tank. This will make water adequately available at all times, almost at a free cost (no water bills, nor electricity bills).

Technical Description about DEWATS June 06

DECENTRALIZED WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS

The Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems (DEWATS) framework is tailored to improve sanitation conditions in densely populated areas and provide reliable low cost sanitation and wastewater treatment solutions. The demand for reliable, efficient and low cost wastewater treatment systems is increasing worldwide especially in compactly populated urban regions, where adequate wastewater treatment systems do not exist. Uncontrolled discharge of wastewater in such areas endangers environmental health and water resources. The DEWATS Community Based System (CBS) approach is an alternative option that fills the significant gap between inappropriate site sanitation and the shortcoming of sewage collection and treatment systems. Within the CBS approach communities are able to make their own informed demands. They are educated about the connection between sanitation, hygiene and diseases and are encouraged to organize the operation and maintenance of sanitation infrastructure. Advantages of decentralized systems include: quick and effective tools to close sanitation gaps and mobilize local resources; simplification and reduction of sewer systems; re-use of the treated wastewater in irrigation water and soil improver; utilization of biogas for cooking and heating; low running cost and low cost of the project life cycle. The basic CBS system consists of a toilet component, a collection component (biogas digester), a treatment component and a disposal component/re-use component.

BIOGAS TECHNOLOGY
Biogas Technology produces and utilizes the products of anaerobic digestion, which are biogas and manure. Besides energy and fertilization, other benefits of biogas technology are improved sanitation and environmental protection. Biogas technology has proved to be a viable technology in the physical and socioeconomic conditions, where common problems of the developing world (such as increase energy demand) put a pressure on the countrys resources. The daily biogas production is measured in liters of biogas produced by l kg of total solids added per day. Anaerobic digestion is the technology that is gaining wider acceptance in the present scenario over aerobic treatment. This is due to benefits such as lower energy requirements, high degree of waste stabilization, high organic loading rates, lower production of excess sludge, easier preservation of a well adapted sludge and the production of biogas which can further be used for meeting part of the energy demand. The total potential for energy generation from the anaerobic digestion of industrial wastewater is estimated to be 2,963 x 106 kWh, equivalent to electric energy per annum. This is equivalent to a 565 MW power plant installation. Since the introduction of the concept of sustainable development, anaerobic reactor technology has received worldwide attention as it offers several opportunities within decentralized sanitation strategies, especially for developing countries. Moreover, it opens up a wide variety of resource recovery options and opportunities for industries to improve part of their investment costs by utilizing the energy produced in the form of biogas and reduce huge energy bills. Biogas digester technology is airtight, plastered fixed dome plants, which enable collection and utilization of biogas. This on- site reactor is fed with animal manure and domestic waste and after retention of several weeks or months the digested wastes are well stabilized and pass through active bacteria sludge in each

Technical Description about DEWATS June 06

baffled chamber and used as fertilizer on gardens or agricultural fields. There are several biogas technology advantages. These include: To reduce pressure on the conventional energy supply To reduce the energy loss due to long distance transportation To avoid environmental pollution caused by conventional energy combustion Less intensive capital investment for the establishment of decentralized energy supply systems Easily planned at a local level To use the local resources efficiently and rationally

BIOGAS PURIFICATION AND BOTTLING PLANT

Biogas can be used in automobiles after its purification (removing CO2, H2S and water vapour pressure). A CO2 scrubbing and bottling technology has been designed and developed at Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, based on physical absorption of CO2 in water at elevated pressure. The scrubbing system is able to remove CO2 from raw biogas when pressurized biogas is fed into the packed bed scrubbing column and pressurized water is sprayed from top, in counter current action. The enriched biogas is compressed up to 20MPa pressure using a three-stage compressor after moisture-removal and is filled in special high-pressure steel cylinders. The enriched biogas filled CNG cylinders are being used successfully as fuel for vehicles in many countries. One of the greatest advantages according to literature is that the biogas fuel has lower emission than natural gas and diesel. The Green Park Village Estate Development Project will purchase and install the purification plant for bottling biogas into cylinders to be used as vehicle fuel. The technology ensures sustainable development and energy security, as well as employment generation using cattle dung and biomass.

Description of the DEWATS Plant

Generals about DEWATS With increasing water pollution and current conventional centralised treatment systems proving to be inadequate and failing to offer sustainable solutions to the wastewater and treatment problems, there is a need to change the perspective towards treatment systems. Many developing countries cannot afford to provide sustainable treatment systems to their populations, as the initial cost and operation of conventional systems are much too expensive. A possible solution to the transformation of wastewater to reusable form is the concept of decentralised treatment systems. The key approach of this system is not to promote any particular kind of technology but to bring forward a new philosophy of dealing with waste and wastewater. This approach is based on a systematic implementation of material-flow-oriented recycling process. This system will help minimize water pollution ensuring that water is used economically and is reused to the maximum possible extent after treatment. This treated water can be reused for irrigation, groundwater recharge or even direct reuse. The conversion from wastewater to reusable water is possible and a decentralised treatment system is the alternative and sustainable concept. A Decentralised Wastewater Treatment System (DEWATS) is based on the principle of decentralization, simplicity and reuse of the treatment products. Simplicity is expressed by on-site treatment without chemicals and technical energy inputs and low-maintenance. This treatment system cannot be switched off intentionally

Technical Description about DEWATS June 06

and it provides state-of-the-art technology at affordable prices. To operate the treatment unit, skills of the level of a gardener or a caretaker are enough.

DEWATS applications provide treatment for both domestic and industrial sources of wastewater and are reliable, long lasting and tolerant towards inflow fluctuations. A DEWATS unit can be designed to treat wastewater flows from 1-1000 m3 per day. The applications are based on mainly four treatment principles (modules), combined according to their specific characteristics to a customized treatment system. Primary treatment and sedimentation called as settler, optional in combination biogas collection Secondary anaerobic treatment in fixed-bed or baffled upstream reactors Tertiary aerobic/anaerobic treatment in subsurface flow filters (planted gravel filter) Tertiary aerobic treatment in ponds.

DEWATS applications are designed in such a way that treated water meets requirements stipulated by environmental laws and regulations.

Biogas Plant The biogas plant is designed as half-ball shape, made by bricks and is integrated into the ground. The function is, to separate the incoming wastewater in liquid and solid and to digest biologically the organic solids. That process takes place without oxygen input under anaerobic condition and generate biogas useful for cooking, light and heating.

Fig. 1: Biogas digester

Technical Description about DEWATS June 06

Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) The baffled reactor consists of a series of chambers in which the wastewater flows up-stream. Here, the suspended and dissolved solids in the pre-settled wastewater undergo anaerobic degradation. The activated sludge settles down at the bottom of each chamber and the influent wastewater is forced to flow through this sludge blanket where anaerobic bacteria make use of the pollutants for their metabolism. Progressive decomposition occurs in the successive chambers. A part of the last chambers can optionally be filled up with coarse filter material like stones, cinder or plastic rings. The filter material acts as carrier material for an attached bio-film consuming the organic water pollutants. That kind of reactor is called combined ABR. In ABR plants the BOD reduction rate is up to 90% and the pathogen reduction ranges between 40 - 75%. The baffled reactor is resistant to shock load and variable inflow. It operates by gravity and maintenance is reduced to desludging of the chambers at intervals of 1-2 years. Sub-soil construction of the module saves space.

gas manholes inflow scum outflow

sludge sedimentation inoculation of fresh wastewater with active sludge final settler

Fig. 2: Baffled reactor with integrated settler Planted Gravel Filter Planted Gravel Filter (PGF) is a constructed wetland suitable for wastewater with low percentage of suspended solids that have already been removed by pre-treatment. The main removal or treatment mechanisms are biological conversion, physical filtration and chemical adsorption. PGF is made of planted filter bodies consisting of graded gravel. The bottom slope is 1% and the flow direction is mainly horizontal. The main plants used in this filter bed are Canas indica, Reed juncus, Papyrus, Phragmites and Arunda donax. The plant selection is mainly based on their ability to grow on wastewater and have their roots go deep and spread wide. Plants transport oxygen via their roots into the ground. However, in the present DEWATS design the use of plants is only to act as catalysts rather than actually be a treatment medium. BOD reduction rate is between 75 - 90% and pathogen removal is over 95%. The operation and maintenance of the system are simple. The spatial requirements for construction are compensated through pleasing landscapes.

O2 inflow upper sand layer

O2

O2

O2

internal water level manhole central outlet shaft

final outlet cross distribution trench filled with rocks main filter body filled with coars gravel cross perforated pipe collection connected to trench filled swivel pipe for with rocks adjustable height

Technical Description about DEWATS June 06

Fig.3: Planted gravel filter

Fig.4: DEWATS plant incl. settler, ABR, PGF and water storage NOTE:
0 The DEWATS constructin cost (pos.1) `indicate a budget and shall not be understood as a biding quotation. In close consultation with the client the system will be adapted and otimized to the local requirements especially regarding separation of black and grey water, required treatment steps re-use of treated waste water and utilization of generated biogas. The most appropriate and cost effective solution shall be chosen. The construction cost might finally vary / 15% from the cost indicated under pos. 1. DEWATS plant to treat and dispose 32 m per day domestic wastewater. The system 1 item USD 32,000 USD 32,000

will be designed to treat wastewater from kitchen, toilets, bathrooms and laundry of a population of about 250 people by using a mechanical/ biological septic system. Gray & black water will be separated. The generated and collected biogas can be utilized for cooking on ordinary gas stove modified for biogas application. The treated effluent can be used for irrigation purposes, excess water will evaporate and infiltrate into the ground through French drain. The system consist of: Brick built and gas tight biogas plant 25m with gas outlet and 3x cast-iron manhole covers,800 m PEHD gas pipe incl. Fittings, biogas stove. Gas pressure max. 60 cm WC with a gas storage of 4m Anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR), 10 m Planted gravel filter(constructed wetland), 250 m Polishing and fish pond, 20 m Septic tank for grey water French drain 20m length Irrigation system is not included Sewers to the DEWATS plant are not included Total land requirement Engineering of a sustainable and low maintenance wastewater treatment and USD 4,000 disposal system to the requirement of the Green park village. Scope of work: Basic assessment and wastewater related land survey 1 item USD 4,000 1 1 1 1 1 1 item item 0 item item item item 1 item

item

Technical Description about DEWATS June 06

Layout design Execution design Supervision O&M care taker training Travel and accommodation cost Total USD 36,000

Solar power 110 KVA 550 M panel cost usd 150,000