1 ..' il'rr Illi:stritlcd,'ll'ccle Entling aciobcr 2r,!1. r939 Regislertd a! !ltc G.P.O.

as a Nt:tttsfel>et

Uol. 1 PERMAIIEIIT PICTURE-REC0RD 0F THE SECtlil0 GREAT WAR ilo. 6

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Early Arrivals in France

 The fi'ar Illztstrdtetl October 2lst, 1939

Ylttinqt (nr,+tu mr! I,llqAfi^rrln Dinh+

BY THE EDITOR
f usr been listening to Winston Churchili's are all too lil-ely to be helpless suf,erers in
I broadcast-masterly ! No overstate- the bombing. The unhappy devotion
J ment; clear, concise, penetrating.
EOITOR.S OFFICE
of the Poles to the cavalry arm added a
His slight inclination to raise his voice THE WAR ILLUSTRATED, distressing amount of animal su{lering
JOHN CARPENTER HOUSE,
at the end of a sentence, rather in \/VHITEFRIARS, LONDON. E.C,4.
to the heroic martyrdom of the people.
the " Methody " manner, is of small
account weighed against the fine serious- # Dried apricot seeds don't mean a
ness of his tone and the simple effective' thing to you or me . . . other than dried
ness of his words. Contrasted with the apricot seeds. Yet I'm told that tons
one and remember that it didnl do too of them have been confiscated by the
mouthings, bellowings and general beastli- badly, though I wentinconstant dread of a
ness of a speech by Hitler, Goering, or British Navy as contraband on thewayto
cigarette setting it ablaze. Surely we are in-
Goebbels, it maLes one proud to be Germany. Whv ? They form an in'
comparably better situat€d as regards petrol gredient in the making of poison gas, Oh,
British when listening to ri(/inston
today than we were 'way back in '17.
Churchill. they are busy with their poison gas, these
* Some day, if I survive, I think I shall bestial Nazis ; and don't let us forgrt it.
+.+The B.B.C. shows small sign of write a book to be called " Through
improving. Its dud programmes have Three Wars." True, the first wasn't a *- Believe it or not ! Just read an article
led to u great falling-of in listening. I very big affair, though it was menacing in " Listener's Digest," of New York, on
hear on all hands from friends and enough in its repercussions, for Germany " Champion Liars," and there is no
acquaintances that they have practically mention of Goebbels, or Hitler.
and France were both anti-British then.
stopped plugging in for the drivel that is I well remember my wife and I being )f One of the most significant things I
dished out between the news bulletins of targets for stones and over-ripe fruit
noon and nine-and God knows these have noticed in the news from Belgium is
thrown by little French lads while we were
are hardly worth straining a tympanum the fact that no fewer than fifty Nazi
cycling through Caudebec-en-Caux .. journalists-each of whom is merely a
to hear. forty years ago, alas ! because our
lying propagandist expelled from Paris-
soldiers were then fighting the Boers !
{' A noteworthy example of ineptitude . . . or could it have been because all noware resident in Brussels. They have
preceded Mr. Churchill's most welcome Kitchener had so recently got the better " press
somehow been accommodated as
speech. It was the reading of a news attachds " of the Nazi Embassy
of Major Marchand at Fashoda ) How there ! Moreover, although all the
item from the Cerman communiqud quickly mob affections change, as Shake-
which asserted that len British 'planes French private residents in Belgium have
speare so cunningly shows us in the im-
had been destroyed to /ao Nazi 'planes. "
mortal Forum scene of Julius Caesar."
,ro* r"irrrn"d to France, none of the
Not one word of contradiction or con- German residents there have gone back to
firmation was vouchsafed. If the German J( I am sorry to see the old horses coming Germany. This looks to me lilte the
statement is true, heaven help us when Nazis' " fifth column " in Belgium ready
back to London. My satisfaction in the
the war starts. If it isn't, why aren't we mechanization of the Army was mainly
for the invasion.
told ) due to the feeling that there would be {t
fewer horses to be mangled on the battle-
To me one of the most noteworthy
J(' Take the case of " Courageous." facts of the war so far has been the con-
field, and I fear that when London really quest
Beyond telling us that they " believe " of Poland, not by any " secret arm,"
feels the weight of air raids many of the
the U-boat that sunL it was itself destroyed but by an arm invented by an English-
thousands of horses that have returned
the Ministry of Information add not one to the metropolis as substitutes for motors man:the Tank. Despite all the brag-
word. Yet they repeat the " frame up " gadocio of Hitler, the most' formidable
of the Nazi liars that the U-boat retumed thing on wheels came out of the brain of
and its crew were decorated . . . rep€at BACK NUMBERS an'Englishman in the Creat War, and I
that lie so that America and all the world Many th0usands of readers w€re dis- have lirtle doubt that the British invention
can give it greater Iistening ! I know apgointed in not being able to secure which was used with such deadly ''efect
" copi€s of Nos. l and 2 of THE wAR against Psland will y* be used'effectively
from one of the crew of " Courageous ILLUSTRATED, and my publishers have
that the submarine aas *en bg all to been inundated with orders for these against Germann for it is seldom that an
numbers, as a large proportion of sub-
shoot out of the water, " almost per- scribers wish to keep their weekly parts
original invention is beaten by imitations.
pendicular," following the depth charges, lor binding into volume form-particulars
and then to fall back at the same angle. of which will be furnished later. Ji Whenever-and if ever !-l move into
The amazing success of T H E WA R a new houie, it will not have a single room
I L L U ST B A T E D-easily an unap-
Unless the Nazi submarines have proached record for all time-has swept with parquetflooring, whereas there are no
^* market clear of all copies of Nos. 1
been made capable of looping the loop the fewer than nine of them in my pr€sent
and 2 and the publishers hav€ only now
it is inconceivable that this one ever been able to arrange for re$rints of these home. For the first five weeks o{ the
returned to its base, and the German tw0 issues sufficient to cover the immense War I've been going about with a cracked
quantity of orders from the trade.
broadcast yarn about the iron crosses There cannot be a further reprint of rib as the result.of a dreadful crash when
of the 3rd and 2nd class awarded to its these particular numbers, as the demand a door mat slid from beneath my feet,
upon the printing resources of the pub- thanks to that polished parquet. All
crew is so much eyewash. But whY lishers to maintain the week-to-week
should our so-calied Ministry of Informa- supply is s0 great that already they the mats in my home have since been
tion spread that yam by means of the are being taxed to the limit of made proof against slipping by a simple
capacity.
83.C, without one word of criticism or Therefore I advise readers who have device-the old story of the stolen horse
comment ? I give it up. missed Nos, l or 2 to lose no time in and the locked stable door. In these
securing the same from their news. days of dim irreligious lights let me urge
egents- Thc supply now available is
* I gready doubt that we shall see many timitod and regetition will be impossible.
At an carly date I shall have pleasure
my readers to avoid broken ribs by having
motoi vehicles going about their larvful foor mats treated with some of the various
in detailing the publishers' arrangement non-slip devices where the floors on which
occasiois by means of gas bags, as we did for binding our vclum*
in 1917. I mvsel{ drove a car fitted with they lie are of polished parquet.
 ? he''i',...r i II u ri r, r lnrl

\-o!, 'A
A Permanent Picture Record of the Second Great Wai' No. 6

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Asafd !hc trooplhip which is carrying thsm across the Channel, these British soldiers havo donned the life-saving gear which will keep thsm
affrat ii a U-boat's torpodo should mako thsm take to the water. During the dispatch of the new British Exp€ditionary Force to France in
Sep:ember, 1939, not a single lifo was lost through enomy action, so thorbugh and unslesping was the watch kept by the vossols of the Royal
Navy entrusted with the guardianship of the troop-carrying fleet.
British Ofticial Pholograhh : CrqiLt Cahyrieht Rcsetaed
 The Vl'ar llluslratetl Otto\cr 2Ist, 193f,

Epic Siege and Fall of Warsaw

History records many a siege sustained against tremendous odds,
and td the most glorious of these lrust now be added that of
Warsaw. For nearly three weeks Poland's capital city withstood
the furious might of the Gernran invader, and only capitulated
when all but honour was lost.

.r FrnR thev irad bonrbetl and'sbelled The statement was accornpanied by an

A
fa'
Warsaw for rienriy threc-weeks,intensification of tire attack, and the first
thc Gennan Higli Command on line of forts in the north of the city and
September 27 alnounced that in futuro the secoud line of those iu the south rverc
the city s'ould be regarded as a military eaptured by the besiegers. Following
objective. At the outbrcak of war, said these assaults the Polish comrnancler
their courmuniqu6, $arsarv had been offered. to surrencler the town.
consiclercd as an open tos.n aucl respectecl The ner.s of the arnristice ll'as con-
accordirrgly, but it had norv been trans- ve)'ed to the world il the follorving
fcrrrued irto a fortress by thc tneasures of rnessage broadca-*t frour \{arsarv oll
the commander, wlro had restored the olcl Septenber 28 : " After 20 c1a,ys of heroic
lorts antl artlrcd yrart of the civil popu- clefence, after practicalll' thc destructior
lation , . . of half the cit,v, ancl after the destruction

Stunned by tho disaater, this Polish larmer

stailds at tho door of his homestoad after
it had bcen bombed by lho Nazis.
Plnlo. K e^tslone

of the waterrvorks, the electric plturt alcl

other pu).ilic utility services, the nrilitary
authoritics have decidecl tha,t thcse
clisasters, coupled rvith the lack of ell.nrnu-
nition and the iupossibility of obtaining
early assistnnce fron the Allies, rntke ib
futile to clefc'ud the city furtlier, iulolvirrg
as it woulcl the risk of pestilential diseases
as rveli as thc entire dcstruction of thc
city, the heroic defence of rvhich l'ill
certailly pass ilto history. An armistice
has, therefore, been agrced upon sincc
noon, and thc conditious for the capitulrr-
tion are norv bcing discussecl. The niost
honour,rble tcmrs are being dernanclcd
br- the \\-arsa'rv inilitary authorities."
For some rlays past conditious in the
capital had been indescribabl.l' terrible.
Refirgees rvho anived in Hurgary strr,tecl
that so nany pcople had becn hillecl in
tlie city streets that tlie task of rcrnor,ing
the corpses hacl been abandoned. The
ws$$, supplies of foocl and rvatcr had given out.
All thc principal churches ancl public
huildings were in ruins. Nine hospitals
i:rl---sll$.1siii1l; ti't-i,'t!.S$.i$i filled rvith riouirdecl were rcportccl to havo
After the main Folish armies had fallen back a fow hsroic soldiera still held out. Here Nazis bccl clestrovccl. The srnoke ancl rlu-st
are firing on a houso in a Warsaw suburb alroady in ffames in which Polish soldiers may bo
in hiding. C€ntre right, a party ol Gsrman soldiers have brought an anti-tank gun into rvith rvhich thc streets wcre fillecl rn:idc
opeFation against Polish stragglers.
Pholos, Associel..l Pr€ss . breathing erlmosl iurpossil.'le.
 Alotrr 2ltl., l9Jj I'lrc Il-ur Il! u,*lralcrl,

High-Explosive Bombs Do Their Fell Work

These two remarkable photograph6 show a

Polish goods train that has been attacked
trom th€ air by Nazi bombers. High-
explosive bombs woighing 52O lb. wer€
uscd and the two hugs cratsrs and ths
twisted rails testify to their power. lt was
in this way that the Nazis attacked trains
carrying Polish r€fugeo women and childron
away from tho battle zono,
l'holos, lloudiale

Rclrorts fronr lludapcst ou Scptenrl,'cr

2S stated that ntorc thtr,n 3,000 persolrs,
nrost of them womcn and chilcllen, had
llt en iiilled in the previous trveuty-four
lrours. and 5()0 fires *'ere in progress.
lrr one of the last comrnuuicruis issued
lrv tlrc \\'arsaw flefencc ('oirrrrr,rrrtI it
lrxs al)l)ourlccd that fire had tlcstroyecl
the focid centre-", and the lack of food ivas
lrcing cruclly felt. Tire number of wouncled
Irrs then 16,000 soldiers and 20.000
civiliaus, but it was irupossibie to estaltlish
the exact number of dead ald rvorrnrlerl
orviuq io the l)onll)drdrnent lnd cornlrlcte
dost r rr, tiorr of selera l ol the IrosIit,rls.
'' [)n rr runrber of occasions," the'cotr. -
rriunirirrrl rtcnt or), " the wouucled havc
Ir,r,l to lre nrovecl frorn ouc plnc:e to
anothcr. 'l'lre couditions of hygiele arc
\\'.rrs(,lling ti:ril-r- irnd there is al inrniilent
tlrrerrt of epidcnrics."
" irr s1,ite of so r'arry
N,,r'o1111,'1,,...
th,' rrrnr;rl strengtlr of the
firi.tl '1t11',,,..
poliulati,:rr, reriirirls unshakrrl:]e. The
.ol,Ii,,r., 1,.f,'rr, I irrr.l rlre cirl)ita I r"onrlirr dog-
gerll;'..t tlrcir
lrosts. Ihor- have showir
theurserlles superior to the enemr. rvheret-er
tirey have irot been crushecl bv the
superiority of technical means of fishiirrs.,,
 Thc ll'ar lLlustrated. /1,:1'1,:; jlrl. lCiC

Follorvinc the rruroutrcenlent of the As soon as tliel h,r,,i left. -rca\-cl]gcrs

armistice fror-n thc Warsaw garrison, the
Gerinan l'irelcss sta,tccl thrrt thc city lurd
capitulated unconditionally and woultl be
handed over on Septerrrlier 29. It wrrs not
urrtil Sunday, October 1, horvcver, thtrt
the fir:;t reDresentativcs of tlic Gcrttratt
anru' occupied the suburlt of Praga.
In t]re next fet'clays thcy extelded thcir
hold on the city and tlis:r,rrnecl the Polish
garrison of somc 120,00C meu. They
s-crc received rr'ith a cleLrth-lilie clrlru, a.nd
there was no souutl si',r'c thc tr:rmp of thc
soldiers'fcel as thcv cluitted the city
l'hich thcy hacl clefcrtclccl so long anil with
such gailantry. Thc conquerors hacl
postecl artnourccl cars atrd t:r,uks at the
rnost importaut poirrts, lrul they were rtot
rreeded. Evur they had to atlrnit that the
Poles il their hour of tlefeat conductetl
theurseivc-* like brar-e tuetr, ancl, having
laicl dorvn their arnrs, rnarched oub
to the prison-camps rvithout a sign of
battle *'eariness or dcnoralization, but
rvith quick alcl stcacly step, led by their
ol'l ofiicers in unbroken orcler.
and demolition ,.qua,l-. s'orl:e,i Iuriously
to clear a\rat the ruins in r!'irrliness for
tlie Fuehrcr's triuniphal entri-.
A few hours Jrefore \\-ars,rri ,.',rrrettclered
Modlit hacl trgreecl to capituiart- : attcl otr
October I tlie little .rirrrisorr of
Hela-4,0[)C mr:n ".allant
urrlt'r H,'rLr-.\rimiral
von Llrrruh, tlescribecl lrv tlrc tlenrrrru
lt. tir,' l,r.t l,:r.tiotr
officiul nu\\'s it,letlcv
of Polish defencc-also 1,ri,i t1t,rr-ir its
arlDs. It hacl hcld o'trt asaillst attrlck
from sea, lantl. aud air for thilt..' cla)'s.
Orgnnizecl Polish rtsistLrticr' lirrrl coiite
to an end. IJut the fight h,rd uot, surely,
been in vain. " I confidertlr- hope," saicl
the llayor of \Y:rrsal', 1I. St,rrzr-rrsky, in
reply to a rrrclio tllessage front the llal-or
of Yerdun-that French citr. s-hich
tluring tlre Crcrt \\'ar u itlr'.toorl lor so
long the l'hole nLicht of thtr (iermau
nilitary tnachine-'' tlrrrt the del'cnce of
Warsau' has plal'eci a usel'ul Ptrrt in this
inhuman l-tr forced upon tlte pcoples of
Europe b-,' the Gertnatr spii'it of clottrina-
tion and brrrbrrrism."

o)n Octobor f the last Polish stronghold fell to the Nazis. lt was on tho Peninsula of Hsl or H€la, tho lighthouso ol whioh is ssen top left.
Itro rimarfaOlo photo above wag tiken in l tareaw during a Nazl air raid, and tho amoke from tho fires caused by inoendiary bombs can be
th; background. Close to th6 left-hand lamp standard a smoh-e rin-g whioh such bombs always mak6. ia viaible. Tho horsos
- in havo
eoon rising
boon- unharnessed, and somo of thom rbvorsed in the Ehafts of tho oarts as a pnecaution againat bolting.
Photos, E.N.A. and Platu! Neios
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pu€ pooJ sl s1uu,r dunurqC +rr{Il Surcnpord-luarlrunrru pue lecrBrnllelaur dueru.rag uoa,lt,?aq uorl€cJ€ruap .to ourl
^rer
_qclau, oq+ rrr paqsrlqBlsa asoq? qlr^\ ultsru aqJ 't?rrr["i) lrr sp]aslro orll IIr? otl+ 'uBBaq pulrlod Jo uors€,\rrr :1or.\o(
o,leduroc dlqe+r^aur +snru 'epr1co1q qsrjrig dguau erncas o; pa8euriu stsq ,Brssng oql rolJ€ slep xrs '66 roqrualdag uo
oq+ dq posolc ore sla{r€ru q"rodxa aqi EoJB l?ulsnpur .{,\Baq erlt prrl? sorrrurll]oc ,ansst anbrrrnruuroJ lar.\oS-urrruJJC -r-
l
+?q+ aou 'sdoqsrl.roll puts sarJolc".J osoq^\
aq? ll" sut€Jqo ll'utrruroc olrr{/!l 'ar+uac aq-} o+ bulproccy 'pottotltl;rrl
stsarE pozr[€ulsnpur dlqFrq roq?rnJ pa]tsrrcISurlroclxa raqurrl prre rrrurS r: 'ou111 prre pnBlod sB.{4, Iaa$ Juo ur aJt$} I ,
I
'aldoed eqt Jo saqsr/r{ eql ol uorluJllu lse1q8r1s
eql 1ou pred 's.rossorapa:d snoruuJur sU elll '{orq,n puuloj Jo uollrlled q}JnoC
srrll Jo sllnsor eql Jo srs,{leuu uu e,\r8 a,^\ 'puu1 pa.renbuoJ erll opr^lp o1 pepeaS
-ord erssna ]erlos puu .{ueru;a9 rzEN ^\olag 'asdelloJ ,{relrpu s.puplod uodn 3ug,uo11og
UodS eW poJBrIS ^{ueurag puu Brssn1 ,noH
!1, I palo.tlslllu rD,I auJ 6961'7t17 ngopg
b=-
 The \Ilar lllustra[etl O,:lot,rr 21.+1. 1939

Aerial Battles in the West

Bearing in mind the lact that on the West the war is being clrried on b1'
armies occupying great lortified systems, the gains made bl the French in
the first month of hostilities are encouraging, to say no more. Particulrrll-
in the air was the Allied supremacy increasingly madc nrrnit-est.

Nicrl valley anrl iu the Hornbach last war, the Fr',:nch ttitrrlt' girinrr of the
and I{ar<lt nrountains, the advatrce most solirl aurl r'aluablc tlrscriptron. As
*'as in the lcighbourhood of tivo their High Conrrtiittr,l hrrt.[ Prc,nti.ctl at thr:
rniles ; rihile in tho Lautcr valley very opeling of ho-.tiiities. all tLe fig-htir,g
ru,nd south of Strarbrucclicn i.efoler hacl beeri on tle fiirmirll side of thc
tlrc licights of filriclLeren. the gain,o {ronticr.
$:cl'(, b('t\1jccn 50() r'arrls Saa,rbrueclien wai still. ttc,nrinallv at
'ecorclccl
to a rnilc. Sornc fiftv r.illagcs on least, in Gennirn hirn,is. thouth its 1ro|u-
Gernrau soil g'cre, uol iu Frenc,h lation hacl been lonq elilcllritr'(1. atttl, irs
h a rr cls. orie n'rertch militarr- cor]lllrcrltirtol' sairl :
AIoirg thc rvliole Ilhinc-Jlosellc frorrt " It rvas readr- to fall likc a lipc fmit
the (lenn:tns rvelc push.ctl l.'aclt utrtil the rvhich thc tree cantiot holtl." SLrrroundcrl
l{agilot Line in thtrt region \yrls llo lollger on threc sitles, it r,;as tlonritt:ttt'il bv tht;
rvithin tingc of rnost of tlie encmy gun-". l'rench gr.rn-* ; inrli't'r1. tire I"r'crlr:li bat-
Thus, although thcrc \\:crc uo spcctacular teries uorv sc commirudetl the Sr.rrl mirrirrg
tirle broke
adva,lces, sucli as {roni titrte to region that the Gerurirtt C'onrmatttl orderetl
the molotony of trench u-alfrrre in thc ,'ornplcte ovacllirt'iolr uf tlro r'ir ili;trr
A British nurse arriving in France gets a
helping hand with her kit from a " matelot "
French word for sailor.
-the 1]tilish Oljcial. ( tntr Cof|righl
I'/!ola,

rloNTn rrfter the l-ar l;cgan rnore

thtin 150 sclnare rliles of Gornran
tcrritorl' orr thc l.est u'crc irr tlic
occripation o{ Flerrch troops. In thc
\Ianrrlt Forcst region that reqion fronr
rvhich thc French crrginccrs collectetl
.3,(l()0 mincs, ar{tci thcir \loroccart com-
rades hacl carriccl thc last enclnv outposts
nt thc point of the Jrar-orrr:t-the atlr,ance
anrountctl to at least cieht nrilcs Lct-ontt
the {rorrtier. In thc }Iosclle rcgion, tho

ifffi
ln addition to the French first lane aeroplanes many othors of older pattern are employed behind the linos. The pair of machinos in the
lpper photograph are somo of tho96 used for liaison work between tho various aerodFomes in Northorn Franoe. ln the lower photograph'
taksn with tho Fronch army, a tracton is drawing a hoavy gun into position.
Photos, Plenct Ncas
 0"t,],cr 2lsl, lC3) 1'he lI-ur lllu;tratetl l6;

The Fossible Aces of Tomorrow's Air War

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The_pilots in this group, studying thein route before taking ofl, inoludo ropresontativog of tho Dominions, From tho vory first dayg of war
tho Empire has made a brav€ show in th€ ranks ol thoss triting new and-glorious pagos in tho history ot our Ain Force. ihe men deen abovo
are on an advanced training oour'so with twin-enginod aincraft,and theypiovidoreinforcomentpilotsior squadrons alr6ady intho battlo lins.
Photo, Ptarlet Neus
 t6s 1'|rc Il-ar Illusi raletl

Making Themselves at Home on the Western Front ,

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The football season in France opened soon after the first troope oi
the British Expeditionary Forde crossed the Channel. ln this
photograph a match is in irrogcess behind the lines' ln the-map on
itte t"it tire French advanc'es i-nto German territory on the Saar are
shown in black. The Maginot and Siegfried lines are shaded.
Pli, !,,, Lti!isiL Oficial, Crcrt Cofl'right' llap by ccurtesy d/ " -\'ri;s (ltronitic "

planes 11t,rv civer the on tJre French forlrratiou. A frir:ious ,1o:l--

Genrr,r n d.r'fcnces, ariti fight ensuetl, in the conrsc of l-hich sr,v''it
tlorn tr, lorr' altitltle of the Clermau 'plitnes rvere ltrougltt rlorr tr
tcol; photoulaphs r.rf a-q compale(l lvith oniv tltree losl l.rv tllrr
lrolrulrrtioir. Ther co:tl-nritres, so vttltr'rltle tLe Sicgfrierl f,in1r-plroto{rairhs rtliich l'rerreli. Thc rcport conclurled rvith thrr
to (.it.rnn:tuv iti Pr'acctitlr', :rttr[ stilI nlcrre were invaluable to thc artillerv. -{lnro-.t st;rtenrotrt th:rt both tJre ()bscrriltiorr-
lahiiLblr.l iri trnrc of r-itr. lvere lt'tttl.oltttl eve)t' (Lly the r-.otttinuiiitir.lls, l-roth lrrgrclt 'lilane-* returl]r-'(1 ttt the ltase l-'t-'ietirrc thc
rurrrvor.liable. if thc attacl< 'were ttr.it antl (lcrnrtrn, conlitiitetl repor:ts of lir r:tsnlts ot thei r lccrtttttttis-*ance.
1;rishrrl hotrte at S:rarblucr:liett it l-:rs fiulrtiirg. Thr fis-lrtine spirit oI thc .\ll;t',I . llearrri-hilc, thc Blitish ExpetIitiorrarv
1rr,riritltiv beciltt::t-r thc Fi-ench anticipiltetl airmrn
rrits pror-cd to be of the le't.,' Force .;;rs stearlilv ctos-qitlg the f'hartnt'l
a er.luntcr-ltt:icli rttr:l lirrgrt scirle, atttl highert rltrrlitr'. ilrttl it ',';iis soon tlelttr'rtt- into Fraucr.. The roacls to the etrst r-,-cre
i ,r ( l(,rrc(l to ill'ait it irt tir e lrosit ir.,ns lr'hich straietl thrr,t in tirtl ttrattr:r of 'pilrrt's, too, crorvded lvitlt rnarchillg tloops anrl t-ith
tlrr.r- liarl carefullv plellat'c11. the -,\11ics rrecrl fcal ito cotnlraliron ri-itli tht: g-reat colrvoYs of tanl<s, arnroilrerl cars,
I n uch-1' alr ntetl
(l ertnzt t r -\Ic.ssor-*r'hmitts. transport \vago]ts, fielcl liitchels arrrl the
-{11 throuqh thc-"e opertttiolts t}re }-retrch
(:oll:err-c(l theif irtatt Po$"cr to tlt,: utrno-*t, l'rom tintc to tinrc rlcscriptions of :rir Iilte. The British troop'o had ttot as r-c:t
lirolrn{ casu;rlties rlotvrt to t}o ttrinimtttn, b:rttles ovcr the (lcrtn,tti line t'ere trllol-erl been irt actioll, but their l)rescllce oll
l''hil,r tlre Cleruratrs for: tlreir lrart lost to uppcal irr the Ft't'tich press. Itr ottc o{ French soil lvas att t'mmettsc eitcotil'dge-
li,ravill iu counter-:-tttat:lis rvltich rvere these brlttles tt-o lrrerrclL obselvatiotl rnent to the Frcuch Ciovertlnreltt ttlttI
inr',rriiibll' dissipatecl bv thc rierrllv fire 'plancs rverc sent out rrith atr ese,'ort of People. It lvas generally understood that
c,f tlr,: Flerrrh gurl,\. nirrc lightels. Thev 1\'eltr llllove lile the B.E.F. rvtrs being hcitl itl tcariittr,"s
In thc:tir: tltct'c tr-:rs tttarl<cr1 actir-itv. liitgfried Line l'hetr fifteeri (-ieruiatr behincl tlie line to meet an-y sucil lllole
l)av aftcr r1;r.v Ttt'trr:lt autl llritish ler:o- figlrters sutllcnlv rtivr:tl out of tlrtl:kr- zrs i Clerrnan arlr-ttnce through Bclgiurn.
Crlcrrr 2l.sl, 1939 fLe ll'tr lli,r:!r'tl,',1 I iii)

Gen"man Air Weapon at Work East amd Wes$

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f qJ #

cee,
The violent end of one of Germany's
much-vaunted Messerschmitt fighters'
shot down by French anti-aircraft firs
on the Western Front.
R. A. F. ofii. iet n,,,,j!::::|:r' c to,.tfl C,t t vr i :itl

fI nn Cerrnnir Luftri',ffe
" - litnr,rll)' " rir'
\\'orlorr lr;rs I'oon lrrrilt rtlr lrr'
X'ielcl-llarshtrl Goering antl Gertctal
llilch into a formiclable force both in
size ancl quality. (leruiirny rvas for-
bic-lclen to possess any air force unclcr
the provisions of thc Yersailles Treaty
(1919), ancl for niany yerrs she cou-
cerrtrateclon cor]ullercial flying anrl
glidine. \\rith the advent to power ol
the Nazis, horvever, a fighting force lvls
estabiished, at first in secret; its
existence n'as oflicially admitted by
A Gorman ffying officer in his warplano Gocrir.rg in }Iarclr, 1934. I)er.eloprnent
pDring ovor the map boforo plotti ng since thcn has been rapid.
his course.

lmmediately above is a photograph takon from one of a formation ol German Heinkel twin-engined bombors, actually en routs for its
objective-military or otherwise-in Poland. This typo of bomb€r has, it wi!l be noted, a defensive gun position below the fuselags, with two
machine-guns oovering a wide fiold of fire. Above, right, is a Henechsl dive-bomber-another standard type-dropping ps'actico bombs. 'rhA
usual method is for tho latter to be relsasod as the aeroplane pulls out ol its dive.
lholo, )Ionlialc
 Octotter 2lst' 1939
l?0
'i'fie ii/ar ltttt'stratettr

Uneasy Neighbours of the Soviet Power: activity of the most intense kind
As a result of Russia,s intervention in Poiand, diplomatic Hitler's
cenrred about Moscovr. only u i"* *".ii .-i.i6i.. iit roads seenred to lead to rhat the
in the Kremrin
.i;;-;, e,iiil!!illl:;, ;,1lJh*[t1ir,;,$:,[:_:ireau
lrv tlre Nrzi irrvitl'ers, Russia's hancl rverc- the Btrltic 'States-
rrrN 1920 thcir armics 'n'ere 6f hoirtr ovnrrulr
itr U'.ion;", Latvirr and Litlrriarriir' With
Russiarr r[ictalor oldered his irooPs to
ilefeatecl bY the Poles hefore the Finland to thc uor'th. thos+r littlc states
of march.. .lrr thc course of a week Russia
thc gates Wa,rsilrv, th' recat,iurerl rll arrd tttoro of the territory o'er" ull bcfore 1111i ptrri of tlie Tsarls
Russians lctrc,ricd belrind thcir frorrtier, 'llrr[ lost to tlre Pct]es irr I920, alrd .J-, uttd the-; all c,rrtie into indepcudent
turl for ticarlv twenty year's played little sLe achieled ovcrnight the position .*i*t.n.. in the pe.-io'l of tlisorganizatiou
n:ri t itt 1l c" aff;lirs of Etrltrpe Tl:e l[oscoiv
iuhith tn*"tl rtp.tt thr It.o"latnation of
A'iatic- of thp rliplontnfic cntttre of Eurolte.
iilnrrrlirt, it rvas srid, hrrtl gorre
surprisillc tlrat Russia-'s ihe Russiarl rn1,.lhl:c. Ali arc strolrqly
Follcrvirr-^ tlLc Nazi !rrvrsiott of lolrr'rrt[
1t rr,ts h,rrrily
dctcrminecl inten'eufion in Poland shoulcl deDlocrrrtic in lrrirrciirlr' t hough ' not
irt Septirinber. 1939, however,. Russia rrrrtl tlreir '*oeial anrl
,,ito lise to llorvollsllcss in tlre othcr alwa5's in plactic,',
^arraugc,tl.'ttts'
scctnetl to have becornc oilce agiurl awar:e rc'r'cal strong
tlrc gre:rt rlnd-llrrsy Itnte* I'or,lnrirrg hct ort thc l'cst' Nor', econLrrtic
o{ thc existelrcc of l'c:re tileir {cars grountlless,- for eaualitat'i:ttt 1,'ttrlettcies. For the nrost
cotttittctlt lvirrg to tlic rrcst' Slallll irrd".a,
for rvlt:it- from the llaltic to the Black Sea thcre triti- ttt.it tloot)lt's lir-e litrs of rtrral
lrrge,
.lo.- clorctl rrrr inrtrorinlist sirnolicit v,,lr:r't,'i,tg 1 l1s 1 5u l'>i st cttee lrotn
j

nr'"t: *otite; utt,l ,* sooll ils tlrc Polish
r"ri,.tot.. slior'vecl signs of collapse and kind
thc tlholc cortlltrY seclncJ ou tlle vcrge
rvcre reports of Russian noves of oue
or another. the'uroriucts of their ficl'ls Iurd forcsts'
Tlrc first to fcel the weight of the new arrd
^receivirrg tuirttufacturorl goorIs from
overscas, laigely from Britain, itr ex-
chauqe ior tltcii butter nrrtl eggs, bacorr
,rrr,l iinrber'. Politierrlly, thcy are little
cotteernerl with the outside worlrl ; silrcc
their cstablishment tlre) h&Yc sl rivert
to lire at peace rvith thcir rrciglrbours, al)([
of t he three onlv Lithrrania lras beett
involreiL iu dispuies with other coutrtries
Poland over the occupation of
-with
\\'iluo, Lithuania's ancictrt capital atrd
with tlernarly over llenrel, w-hicl- she
rvas compelle.i to ."t,tt,t to the Rcich on
]trrrch 22, 1939.
But in the nerv Europe t'hich can.rc

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ffi

.
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enterino
fiffi
the city in triumF *:ig**: gt*ir*,t
the Estdnian istand of Dagii' wh'ch rn tne eovrel-E"'"" -Onoior, Associated press anl E.N.A,
#3:rYi'lib:i"vJir*.:il:iir.=r*:'J"*iH*liJ
 Ocloltr 27st, 1939 The ll'ar lllustratcf, l7t

On Frontiers From Baltic to Black Sea

into being follr;wing the Munich Settle-
ment, the:e iitiie Baltic lands assumed a
fresh importance owing to their situalion
betw-eeir Nazi Germany ancl Sovict Russia.
hi the sumilrcr of 1939 thc ncgotiations
bcf',vcen Britain and Tralce on the oue
hand ancl Russia on the other encoun-
tcrcd a formidatrle stuinbling block in
llussia's dernand that the othcl powers
should guarantee the indepenclc.nce of
Estonia, L:r,tvia and Lithuatria irr rcturn
for Russja's guarantee of Polantl and
Rumania. Il the event it was Gernianv
that made thc pact with Russia.
Following the sinking of a Soviet
steamer by an unknown submarinc ofi
the Estonian coasi, Russia shorvcd what is
traditiolally known as the strong hand.
M. I(arl Sclfer, the Estoniarr Toreign
Minister, proceedcd to lVloscow, osten-
sibly to ncgotiate a new trade treaty.
When the rc:.ult of the deliberations wa;,
announcecl, however, it was found thai
not olly had a new trade agrecment been
signecl, but a pact of 'mutual assistance
as well. According to this pact the two
contracting parties, Estonia and Russia,
undcrtook to rcnder each other every
assistancc, including military assistance,
in the evcnt of direct aggression or the
menacc of aggression arising oir the part
of anv great European powcr, rvhether
made by v-ay of the Baltic or across the
territory of Latvia. X'urthermore, the
Soviet unrlcrtook to render to the
tristonian arny assistance in armaments.
Sbill morc important, the Estonian
Republic assured the Soviet Union of the
right to maintain naval bases and to
leasc aerodromes at reasonablc prices
on the Estonian islancls ol Dagd and
bsel. I-,r efiect, as a result of th-e pact,
Estonia bccame a protectorate of Russia.
Morcover, Russia now obtained ice-free
ports on the west, anil thus was enabled
to challcngc the Nazi conception of the
Baltic as a German lake.
fn a fc-w days the, Foreign l\Iinisters of
Latvia aucl Lithuania arrived iir Moscow
on a missiorr similar to that of their
Estonian coufrbre.
Tuming now to Rumania, here again
there was widespreail concern at the
extraordinary revival of Russia's power
in Europe. Rumania, like tbc Baltic
States, had profitecl by the collapse of
Tsarism; indecd, for her seizure of
Bc,.;sarabia in 1917 there was iro such
justification as could be claimed by those
who in the lcrth secedecl from Russia
antl erected the Baltic republics. Reports
from Runraiiia -.howcd that large numlr.ers
'of troops u.ere beirig movecl to the
Bcssarabiari froirticrs, ancl aithough it
'r'ras clairl,:d officially that thc rclatioits
betweeu ijrc coutrtries v-ere corclial,
corresponclcrits on the spot declaretl that
there was lo cornmunication betrveen the
two banks of the Dniester.
 ti2 The War Illustratetl 0ctober 2lst, 1939

i Methods that Will Beat U-Boats

No experience gained in the last war proved more valuable in 1939
than ahe adaptation of the convoy system to rnodern conditions.
Within five weeks it had played a great part in defcating
unrestricted subrlarine s,arlare.

merchant ships both inwarcl atitl outwarcl . Thc fishc,mren tio lcs-. thirn the ofliccrs
bouncl should as."emble at some port' out- and rncn of the l'Iercharrt Navl' clesetvc
sicle thc danqc,r zone, airtl that lrom that their tributc, but tho:e ilhc arc still
point they shoultl bc c.-corted by rvarships enployecl in tran-ling. rvliile the;r make
cruisers antl clestro.yers-to their an invaluable coutributi.-rn to Britain's
-light
destination. There nray perhaps bc i[0 or food supplics, havc had to {acs ule.rpectecl
50 merchant ships in a convoy. marshalled dartgers, for on Scp:cnrlr,rr 26 llr. Winston
in columns with the protectivc scrcen of Churchill explairrecl in t]:e House of
warships around thcm. One of the Conmons that, lailing in their obiect of
difficulties of the convoy sy.stem is that seriously interferilrg with Britisli shipping,
The newest Cunard Liner, " Mauretania," the speed of the whole fleet of ships can the U-boats hrrd turn,:ti tbeir attention to
now mounts three anti-aircraft gunsr ono
of which is on the storn. be uo greater than that of the slowest, nr:utral shippilg lrncl tiie '' huniJtle tsritish
Photo, Planet News
ancl the clillerence in speetl hetween the trarvlcrs." The " humblt trart'lcrs " havc
fastest an,:l the slorvest may be very gonc to.sca just thc srrntc.
cREAr part in winning the last corrsitlerablc. Itis essential, if the convoy
\Yar wa-c played by the melr o{ is to be efiective and if the fewest possibie Contraband of \Yar
the llcrcantile Marine, as it was number of rvarships is to be employetl to The day-to-dav s'ork of tlie Navy is
then caliecl, artcl it is rlready obvious that protcct it, that all thc mercharrl sLips uot onlv conccrnetl with the protection of
the sons and grandsons of the gallant should }ieep station, that is, follow orrc the convovs aritl the hunting of the
Rritish seamcn arttl fi-*hermen of 1914-18 another in exact lines, keeping an equal U-boat, but also 'rvith the control of
can shorv equal gallantry, equal fear- clistance apart. ncutral shipping. By Interlatiotral Law
lcssness and equal devotiol to duty. When the systern was first introcluced every enemy ship and its cargo is a
The me n of 1914-18 hacl a signal iu 1917 it was feared that rnerchant sea- legitimate prize. That does not, however,
recognition of their services whcn in 1928 rnen, being unusetl to such manoeuvres, applv to neutral ships. It is the right of a
I{ing George V createcl the new offrce of might riot be able to " keep station " rvith belligcrent power to stop aud exatnine
l\Iaster of the Merchant Marine ancl absolutc accuracy. To the surprisc aucl every neutral ship to ensure that it i-* not
I-isherics ancl appointed the Prince of achniration of the Royal Navy this fear carrying to enemy ports contrabancl of
Wales to be its first Master. pror-ecl groundless. The skippers of the war. Uncler that term are incluclccl as
. The mcn of the Merchant Navy arid Mcrchant l,Tavy, hanrlling ships of widely clefinitcly contraband all articles or
Fisheries \,r-ent through a severe testing varying size, speed and design, kept commoditics the use of rvhich is obviously
tirne at the outbreak of the new war. station rvith an accuracy which 'rvas for warlil<e purposes. It is the cluty of the
Ovcr 2,000 British ships were Lhen at sea, beyond criticism. ' That example of the ships of the Royal ld11ry to cxamiue all
ranging from trawlers to oceau lilers, and fine seamanship of thc Merchalt Navy is neutral ships, which may sometirnes
none hacl any de{ence against U-boats. again proving of incalcuiable value in nece-csitate their being tal<en into British
The Nazis had rnacle {ull preparations for fighting the submarine menace. ports for examination.
taking the utmost, advantage of this
situation. They hacl placcrl big sub-
'marincs along the main rontes of s:ea
traffic, while smailer U-boats itr rvaters
nearer home were reacly to pounce upotr
anything from a trawler to atr oceau lincr.
No Seamen Refused
In these circumstances it was not
surprising that the toll of merchant
shipping lvas heavy : 65,000 tons werc
sunk in the first week, but the tonnage
sunl< clecreasetl rapidly to 9,000 tous in
the fourth week ancl nil in the fifth. Yet
during the first few weeks, when the
losses were at their heavie-st, no British
r camen re{nsecl to sail without escort. fn
.ships great ancl small these rvorthl'
descendants of the great British sailors
of the past took their lives intheir hancls,
realizing that on thcm no less thair on thc
mcn of the Royal Na,vy the safety of the
oountry and final victory elependetl.
It is gratilying to kno'w that they had
not to run these fear{u} risks {or lorig.
The last war had fully proved that the
best means of dealing with the submarine
mcnace was the convoy.. system, and Ths possibility that U-boats might have found baaos in South America and opsrats off tho
immediate steps \ryere takerf to bring it Nortir Americin coast had to bi guardod against' ln thia photograph the Cunand liner
into operation again. from tho air with guns mounted aft' i3 ateering a zigzag counso as a
'r Aquitania," soenprecaution,
though sho is within 50 milos of New Y.ork.
Thc essence of this system is that Photo, A s soc iat cd Pr ess
 Octobu 2lsl, 1939 Tl:e lI'ar Illuslrctterl 173

For H.M. Navy's oConstant Caret

#: *diri:iiltd;il

Left, the crew ol a U-boat on the conning towsr.

Abovo, is a U-boat photographed from the dock of
an American ship sho had held up.

f-r':t his vivitl l,roadcr*t orr " Th,r First Mouth

of l lro Wrr " llr. \\-irrstou CLurclitl
declarccl that " the U-boats mav be safely
le{t 1o thc care and constant attenticn of the
British Navv." Prisoners talicu from German
subnariucs have tcstifiecl to thc tcrrible efiects
of tlcpth chargcs droppccl from destroyers,
for cveu rvhen they do not malie a direct hit
the c.rplosiol wlcr:ks irnportant mechanism
ancl conrpr:ls the boat to risc to the surface.
But it is lot only the Royal Navy that the
cror.,'s of U-boats have to fear, for they have
internal cncnries as lvell. It has Lrecn rcvealed
that one tncrnbcr o{ each crerv, uukuolvn to
thc othcrs, is a Gestapo mau, rvhose cluty it
is to spy on iii-s shipmates antl to c{enounce
to the autl'rorities on retunrilg to port any
onc of thcrn n'ho has spolierr an indiscrect
word abr-rut the Na.zi regirne. The Nazis no
tloubt rcnr,:liber that in i9l8 the first signs
of scr.ious' disafiection irt Germtlny's armed
forcrrs aplreared in her navy.

The torpedo nooms of U-boatg, centre, night, ars

usod as sleeping quarters. Ths berths ars raissd
and clanrped to the walls in action. i #q
.Fi
$. 4S tJ
; i
I l::

{1
s
d

Potty offfcors ol a U-boat, lett, aro holding an ingtruction olaas in the battery chamber.
The submarino is propelled €loctrically whon aubmerEed. Above, Grand Admiral
Fa€d6r, commanding the Gorman Navy, is addrsssing-U-boat orews in Kisl harbour.
Pholos, trIonliale, Keystotut aud Ctn[ral ptess
 }dober 2lst, 1939
The ll'ar lllustrated
1?.1

They Defy the u-Boats-and So Britain Lives

,,*tQ
ff
".Jg'

....:.:.,..':,

::'*:: ''.'

thc beginlins of thc rr-ar the Iiing scnt the

Iollovrinl-{
t
and Briti:;h
,tt"rr.g". to tic British llerchant Na-;y
Fi.dring Flcets:
to all officct's
" In these anxiotts days, I wotrld like to express
the Britisir Fishing
and men in the British Merchant Navy antl
to plav
;;;;';;t;t;fidence in their unflinchingonedetermination
I
,t.i. "it"f part in defence' To people's existence thanYours
each rvoulcl say'
that
ir oo l.r, essential to my
","tt to the Navy, Army and Air Force' -Upon you the
^ir"r,.J for much of itt lbotlttttffs and raw materials
""ti""-O"o."Os
;;;;. ,f" transport of its troops ovirsea's' You have a long
;; ;l;ti;;t nltro.v, and I am proucl to bear the title llastcr
yotl
oi ttt"e tvterchant Navy an<l Fishing Flects' l- knorv that
*iii'..rrt ."i your duties with resolution of and with fortitude'
;;; il; tn. tigt'', chivalrous traditions vour calling are
.oi.inyourhands.Godkeepyouandprosperyouinyortr
great task. "

!?::. ;iir:::i!::;::i:rli::
'1'*,", ,.
:' -:*i {*;
--

w*w@ o*no
HeFe ar€ somo oi tho cn'er
Ports. (2)
chisf
A tanko
:&""G'"1"f#:tl:il1**'n*gn,!i:;
nTilT:ffilij:lTdff
t"iFl;9.*ilJf,gdfu\a|i:lfl"l;if{?:t",#i*":lJJ*ii+ii'ru*",t o,:li"fT"'""nLul.l
tinental norts.
..-r-- biidges.
und€r r-il-ac- Shs carries
she carrieS *+i$r+.tH:'*a:l'ff?i:i":'"!sli
3tftI+i-"#,-lrr::ilt1t:;**"'t'O[-SH-tir**"{*f,{r:t-* Itn'ti$rn*l,l:"1'""0'n
;'iuiu"v ii Iassengor linor o 7'()bi'at
phalo .ticncy, unlot castle Lit!'
photos,.rvide *,nrta, xtysttoni .lii]i, i"tita
 Ocloler 2lsl, 79JJ Ii;i

Frs Fair Weather and Foul the Search Goes On

$
: ::::::tr:

!i",,rt+;,i0.,,,i,i,,,;.Si:+*+*..,!*jii,.F#i:.. . . {, i.
Most of the work of tracking and disabling U-boats is done by tho dostroyers, and day and night the work of soarching for the Nazi pirato
ships goes on. Here destroyers ar€ patrolling the North Soa in hoavy weathor. Thiy are lry no means comfortable ships in rough seas,
lor the decks are constantly swept by wavos and spray when thoy are moving at any speed.
I)Jiola, Fot
 The Wat liliL:ltr

oForce Will Be Met BY Force'--8ig Guns Don

176

F,15r$fi*uri*$[1
$ ffffi
,;;.,..']: ,, ]

::ii:1 ,.:. .i

ilo*,on"of'themis.seenwhileth6ouncrewwereundergoing
g.roatlv facilitate its movement ov€r
inrcnsive traininq for act,"e sirrice. An intereetirg.poinTalo"i it is trrs -.""iuJ'i.ld'ou-""iiris,-which
or.iii#"iio"i"i1ei:,'ini fite ot'which ie verv short'
heavy roads, oe!.;ln guns arso have suoh tfil,'"ii""iirtiia.i-riiie
lober 2lsl, 1939

rte Nazi Artiilery and Batter the Siegfried Line

It was announcod on Sept€mber 20 from Paris that during artillery actions, which had'beer v€ry heavy,- Frenoh g-uns -again a-nd again I,roved
ilrJmselvessuperior to the German field artillery of equal calibre, ivnichth6youtranged. Thishas-provedextremelyvaluabl€.incou.nter-battcry
workj the French artillery having sw6pt with its fire a vast area from whioh the Germans have been forc€d to withdraw their guna'
 clober 2lst' l!3'J
The War lttistrated'
1?8

woRDSTHATHISTORYWILLREMEMBER
A $elect Record frOm Week to Week Of
Thursitay, September 21
PRESIDENT RoosEvELr in
an ad' itof,ottunt War Declarations and Statements
',ii;irii t461
;n:::;;',!:[",',1;i
f;,'; Statutes: \Co,,inuectrrompage
havc srvcpt togethcl.^1.t asainst lanless violcncc btrt
n th-e irteutrality 3. Thc British anrl r;re.ch Flcots "n:"
"'"",-,"",o
,","* t"q1r",,T;Jytil,l.l,l,i.i,J,\T dnnl,$1""*"*,tilsTilTtil"#r'ii '."*i"'^iiji,jiliii l'illii{kli"fi:lill,';ui
-and
fats' are potrcy $'o r{
l;rtt ir itilit'ii''"*ilu*'-""tt"ti' wool
to aid in avoiding *u".'u-o"i natiorrs'-
y;i":""i fl:l";.*"' ':]v, .T^l;l^: did in thc.ra.st rhursdav, september
il"XJ**JJl"t*fllll* ::ff'""}; fi],i[\';
:h"lti::i1h[!T1.1'fi1ff?i\n*-*
",tffi:';;;Tiriq'3;i]:il;;# oo;;'f[;[",i,"1,:!;,:?!:ff:!f,:,f:,ii {
"**-
yr:'.':1":l*l::r:-&ul3;",;Tii.'$nlii']:: o]ffi;;;;;i;; i, po'u"' uv'higi'i' rar into 'iftirrciit,qsreenrcnt comprisbdin rhe
r^r-- on otner c'ontinents. lnt Gcrman tcrritory' Soviet-German Pact :
ccrrna.s' note !
{n1nwe4
Govcrn'
J:if. l";'i,',,"1'!rc[ rhe Germrn c ,vernmsnt 1,,,1
l}dill"rfr" "",:f;if": i"'J#i.'{"mllt;.t 26-- ii'"'ii's's'n''
,t.hu
bv-thc treatv
;li:;i";ffi.:,i [*is ii,r,', Tucsrlay, September mcnt or
ii"*l"^*'i:;
clcar that Pcace lot as
.ranuarv arso r spoxe,o'-ihi,-'co,,g,."*s
or th1 M. uttrt-N HARMTNC, lt"y!!.ll*J:*lHril'i'{ti-""11","#{i'+Ttorishstate'
to riligion' to democracJr'o saicl:
raitb. "\\'c laqc'"#;
. "i.,i."i*'!irl'i:,\t{:$: t'"
Thc nnolc of srovakia :? ,bv-.1:l l'%T"ii"ii;"'i'\1";t"i';"
brt$ecn Germariv'on
eood
l-earncd that *rt"" *"'"i"iibcrat"ty lt:{--l: t'';;; ";;";*G:
it"t'' rrt" voice the Sl"val<-p:od" ip;';l-ij;"-t!:::.1t"'l:"'rHiffil
:,::"X,i".1,fv^)ii
ot l,."ur'ou i-tt"-o"u hani and Grcnt B'itrin io tr," ou,". o

$illtll""i*.lll*";*#lilr,ru'*lil?[ lngi[i{i'n'*l*':
--i"";ni.'""*i, .,*-i1;,l,li,::".ii. i ?-'.;t,l'iiili'qr"{]ri:b}i:.,lii
if ncccssat.v
ai.""t
in. accord 'lt'ei'
rvith
*. as,rre.sor and dery rt t6
the victinr.". r,"3"i"'*iy""pttcst .oin,,,rn-cffr'ts'
''rr.''i",,i^", -u.'.+lii!';*,r[lli"{{:t "t"srovukia
us not to let tbat haPP ffilT,txn:tT,:'t,qiiqt'itil*.'}lfrlH lt',+TJ'.#;lnt, : ]:,;.*;:^,
sorcly tricd rf' ht
was bccausc of" what ''iot"ti'*'
last-JanuarJ ;;; i$.i;;;f ;iit tnot" of
'y
irom *atchirrg the tend oi'io'"ign,"{"'-T-i:d i.'^'r". '*"t' ii'}, [,"ii,jp',jl' Xt t*"::tf,llf]it
'M,. lrJi,l}li:'ii:lri'}i#,'i!\*j*?l"iil':l*
*rilsTi.f.tf,i*'*^'*"j;.,l*:flhhlffi: ,yrcxnAM. srEED in a te,er
'ei""ti''"\ ite u's's'R"
changcs be cliacted rn
-csscntials for .r,n"tiJ# i*""t" to';' iii ii'"t " t
'"A. cot""titlni'"ti"-c"ti""t'yt"'"d mc&sure''
Thc il;i:;;i"f charrged arrcl thc itiii".".utt c'ach othcron thc ncccssary
ncacc in this war.-torn .";;rt; why tlro \ya,r g,)rs on o** own pcoplc
i"^ir""v 61 tss+ .Irriv. hnd that is
li,i:"'rl., lcgis- i,i" "i rr"it"? rnay ncetl.an idci-l niore ur';itive
i"'"Ju';:;;;;,i,,"to '"-cx'mi"c ottr o*n l;t'*-;i;;i;s_t{". " ttr,e dg{,ru3!ioL..jii satu.day, September 30
ration'-' '-'
The cnibargo Provlslc
..rns as they exi,sr *g*
*i,i:";I;,i;.1l,uiilt,Xit#i"lll*'=?,"'lJ,"ti ,rz. a,q,Czv^rsx\ P.olisl Ambassador'
Government :
nrcvcnr thc srte to u o"riig"i"tri,t t * lllt::3} Lt. cr"*t riritain is noru, irrc.-ocob'r, litl -tj ii a Note to tlrc Britislt
+il
"* ti " nv "'the* sal<"
p
lrrrt tl"tev rllorv
ccmnletcd irnPlements
l<inrl's of gcneral
futthcrruoie allorv ;i*:-r',r'ffi
rnater-

--
sucl il;$"ffi
n$],l*;li*#, ,n':,:-;"1.,t"r*;*[qi ixit"u.,.I rffi i:,il l$:$lp;ln'li'l*
t'Iris act or
shins'to l;llligorent ntif;5:l,llii[::'ffi\::f xiti*.il*$:li
r,*"ii*j"i"n'il" a""g"' t"
iilff"'ti " i;,;"-"ot our
"i',i""g,i""i,.'," .,J,i.il$:t:lll; ilq'i,l|i'1":ti:1""FiT"ii:r'rizc
llii,il;ii'^i,i'i'itt'*iu,'ai,fl *".'* ll;T:;"1;$it,if;=l;;[n;t",*l"pi
t"..;to'.i"* tt*""'il"""iir".nted frJi the
one day'
thro'gh trro p.*"" tirat may,
and invadcrs
i'u.
sceh a grcatcr
I ""ut.utity cB*ili";,;' clruals, a *ni,rn of
a.d a-rer.rn -",i r'"':i.iiii*"t" ilsi't" rullv rc-cstablish.d'
rencar or trre embargo-n,"o,l.io,i. *l*.lr:Il,Xl,l.""f;':Jit-1:,;:l:#l;iiii".i
rscir'.ihe're.cnaLl1111t"^:*:::' --.-ii
;;;;;ft'h^".
-i..o;'[l"])h't;]a
ffi ii';;;r'' i n''i'* n i"v nr por ,
interlulcot
which, csccpt {or the dlsasLrous larts ntoro OUR WAR GAZETTEER
;#";l;il;' artd non-inter.ourse Potsdam. Town of Prussia' GcrmanY'
lras scrvctl of
than a cetltury alld & quarter ago'of our con- Aschcn (Fr. Air-h-Cha|elle)' -City 16 m. S.W.of Berlin ; lamous Dalllces rlr-
I'l'T*ir'ir"*'ih. very'bt'gin'i'g c"?ffittt. ircar Relgion atitl Dutch fron- :i"e; s;; s.*i, r,.irt bv Frcdetick thc
stitutional existettcc'
""Ti'rtu.* rr"",i crrtttecusly sairl t}aI ir rot'urn'to I'ii{l;n JiT"l'".",T'11',i^1 ',:l;'^'f l"ii
i .--ilitnrv ccntre i pop' 79'000' or
b'i"Li
6earr'r to rvat" I givc ;i;;,.'g.eal' ttrattuFactttritrg centrc Riea. Capital znd 1'[ietofscaDorE
*li ii8'il.i'r i;lgni t" ing 1i5 ;i;;.'t ;
r,^l\'";"'i on'Baltic nt mouth r"Dvina;
i.-"5- ,itv ,T""p ond . unalterablc conricticn of N'E. Pola Itr l''"g"'' t"'l n"Ri"urX1?Lu'
l"^.ii o,,"u'"",* 9i "*i"li:l:"r?i:i r]';'h"J itrtill "5E rl3'n'3.0'h",''ns in thcir cottttttr' ott r' Gcrmrr r " Protectorate " .and
l-r-t-,ithuartinns ; *ii;'Ji".ii". of fottt.t"'' Czccho-Slovakia ;
!:'*":r :::l:l:1'"-'il"l ti?i?u statds rviu more
iii"*"ii ntta a ruaiu rly' jtrnctiou pop' ; ;;;il;ii;^i;.i;pc''{cnt. btrt occupied sincc
p"""'ir'u" ir the la*' remrins ;
caltrtat
31.1,1ilri'i;.i.li 'f n'iluelirorona. ifarctr t'SSg bv Gclnrau troops
German. islautl lortress in -Bratishtr
arcn l{,7U0 sq' m' pol)' ;
i,s it stcnds todaY' entlance-
\ro.ttt'S""' g"utds naval bases autlmouth
;
milcs f.om
il'Kii"c;?;l; 44D"no.u'k of -'iiffi;;.
2.450.000.
RePublic of S'\\" Russirr' a
SundaY, SePternber 24 ii'u'j:'*;#;i;ooi b.v Britain in
;
of U.s's'R' groat wheat-
ironriotio,, o1 a further Gertnon-v ;
ilffi .'."';J;'iJ'C*"*"v i" l8eb fo'tifi ca' "'"iitJt"Si"t"
-;;";p;i I'EAFLET *.* itq antl stccl attd iron productng area ;
: 7.'' X"io": alc.r 166,368 sq' nt';-also
dis'iantlcd acco.rl irt g pop'
rlie R'A'F' over
b1' ir".'"J
"i"J*-it;e (1019) ; area onlv
-to
I/i
V;;..ili"'"'T';;iv loliioop-ooi Uklairrian minorif ics
tn
To thc Gcnuan PeoPle: Polancl, HungorY' etc'
- "ivr,it"-not?i"'
Gormln blood
Cornlans' note that in-spilc o{ rvar : (or Byelo'R'ussia).' Sovict
i,"i'], *r'"J in *'6 Polish ,."Yt;:"xr,",?3d
- T;\, 6'J'""f l, " l;', ;ti I ; ;F- iV.' Ru"ssial also borilcring
*niii''rl1. national canal
ancl nerv '";'li;ii"- m' ;
i.'^;;' ;- Go t ernmcnt's. :;"';:"'ii;k;; P3:;;;i t caP. ltinsk ; arca 4B'9{o s1'
lishtning n'ar has .bee
^l"l""r,;t .,i'';';'T:il1
lor or R.hine ; noo.5.567,000.
t'"wiiietboute. Torvtr of E' Francc; on
e?iii.h'iv"t'atbinct's decision to
prcpnrc "ili#a,E"n'fll,Slu[io*",, N' antl
a tht'cc ycars' wat"
ti#in l:o.g"t xlts', France'-flows
'E:";h;;;oh-Ltrraine and into Gcrruarty : c"ii'iiii"ri"^ii"r bet*'cen Nlaginot and
lsecl the fronticr into
2. Thc Frcr.rch ArmY clol or four ttays bcfo're after course or 3lo ;b-ift iin".; .."tt" of lrrcnclideicat by
GcrmaltY on i\ept'' u' i"l#'Hilfi; ;;C;ti;"' C"i-ottt in 1870 ; PoP' 5,000'
6"r"i"ii""m"i'f sburces admittt'cl' it' In miles.
'the
alrcadv stanrltng
il"*'i,-ntitl-rt troopsrvith
.arelhoir Frinch allics'
it"'tia"t il; shruldei
 October T,s!, '193! The ll'ar IllLtstralei)

Dutch and Belgians on the Alert

Betrveen France and Germany lie Belgiunr, the cockpit of Europe,
rrnd Holland. Both countries have reccived assurances from the
Nazi Government that their neutrality will not be challenged, but,
none the less, they are taking every precaution.

1.I' ZITTJI),I a rnonth of the openinl Follorving the report of concentrations

\ V/ of hostilities Polarrrl lay proi- of Gcrman troops ancl aeroplanes at
V trate berrca'.h thr hcel"oi thc -{achen, where tlie frontiers of Holland,
invatlcr. Tlhe German method of making
war liad proved its success. A va-qt arnv
of mechanizerl artillery anrl transport,
supportecl and very often preceded bv
hosts of rvarplanes, liacl rvipecl out rvhat
had clairn to bc regarded as by no
mearrs thc least of Europc's armies.
Following the surrenclcr of Warrsarv
thcre cane a brcathing space, rvhen
the questlon ou everybocty',s lips rvas,
" Where ii'ill the rrcxt blorv fLrll ? "
Iu vierv of the inunclse strcngth of
thc I'reuch fortificatiorrs in the lvest,
it rvas regarclet'l as rurlikcly, to say the
least, that tire German Hip;h Commantl
lvoukl orcler a froutal attach on the
llaginot Linc. It was arguetl that, rather
than mn the risk of losing several
hunclreds of thousancls of meir, the
Nazis rvoulcl be much more liliely to
launch a lvar of movement -such as they
had just cornpietecl in PoLrnd. In 1914
the l{aiser's war-lorcls dccicled on the
violation o{ Belgian neutrality, and their
Nazi successors in 1939 might well
repeat thc stroke.
Tme, as rcceiitly as August 26 Hitler
had repea,tccl to thc Bclgian Governmeirt
and to the Dutch his resolve to respect
the neutraiity of the one country antl
the othcr. Rut, cotifronted with the
choice betrveeu celtain loss and almost
ccrtain victory, one could harclly expect
him to hesitate long over the tearing up
of but another scrap of paper.
Certainly, tlic Dutch ancl the Belgians
were alive to the dangers of the situation.
Belgitun ilnd Germany meet, the trvo
kingdoms ciecided upol the partia,l
flooding of their main clefence s)'-qtenrs.
The Dutch commenced by floocling :r,
-qmall zone ncar Utrecht 'rvhich guards
the great port of Amsterdam-pos-.ibly
coveted by the Germans as a submarine
or air bnse :rgaiust Enslaircl-anil stcps
n-ere also takel to have the floocl-gates
reatly from the Zayder Zee across
country to the Rhine at Arnhem.
Thc Belgians for their part floodeil
thc lorvlancls north of the Aiberb Canal
betrveen Antwerp ancl llaa-*tricht, The Dutch Commander-in-Chiof inspeota
eviclently fearing an attack through thg proparations made to inundate a largo
aroa of the country in caso of invasion.
tlie " llaastricht appencli-x " o{ Hollancl.
The whole area betrteen the }Iense ancl they cannot compare with thosc of
the Dutch and German {rontiers couicl Gennaly anC tr'rauce, are still formidable.
be flooded in an emergency, ancl in the In the event, then, of the German
artificial lakes so formetl the great High ('ornnrand resolving to attenrpt a
fortresses lvoulcl stand out lilic isl:r,rcls.
repelitiou of the strategy of 1914, their
In the iast war the Belgians {ouncl arm:es would have to overcome the
flooding constitutecl a most effective opposition-first, of the fortre-sscs otr
defencc Incasur"c, arrd in roccnt vefll'sthe Dutch and Belgiarr fronticr ; next,
they have perfectecl a system iu whiclr of the water defences which have been
artillery and rvater are cornbinecl to prepared in the rear of the fortified
cxccllent adviurtage. Thc floocling of lines, and which are clotted lvith forts
vast arcas rvith sea water involves, of and strong-points; and thirdly, the
coursc, the lcs; of niuch valuable farm- resistance of the Belgiarr ar:cl Dutch
land and of many villages; but, never- fielcl armics. Even if all thcse hurclles
were takcn in their stride, the invaders
theless, in the Low Couutries it is reg-ardecl
as the cheapest methoil of achieving rvorikl thcn fincl thenselves confrontecl
national security. by the uorthern section_ of the Maginot
l{oi that the Brlgians ancl Dutch clo Line, just within the Franco-Belgian
not put trust iu their arned forces. frontier. Ancl if this, too, were carried ?
Both of the little c'lemocracies ha.re Then thcy rvoulcl har,'e to meet the
armies which, though in point of numbers shock .of Biitain's lJxpeditionary Fo.:ce.

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ffi

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Belgium has taksh stops to incraasg and stnengthen hor lrontier dofances against a possibl€ Nazi violation of her noutrality. L€ft, long
of stesl railwaylinea drivon daop in ths ground torm a sgrious obstaclo lor tanks to ovorcome, Running parallel with them ars barbed
entanglements, Right is a concrete lrontier stnong-point on the top ol whioh is a machine-gun turret,
Photos lf ide Wotld, Spott fi Geileral aflLl Kt!slane
 The IYar l\L*sk"alel Octobet 21st, 1939
180

FIRST LORD'S TONIC FOR THE NATION

Mr. Churchill's
Reproduced below are the principal passages from Winston eagerly
awhited broadcast speech dl Ociobei lst-the spe99h, a.s- one_ American paper com-
mented, whibh was worth+'batteries ol artillery " to the Allied cause.
nr British Empire and thc French Rcpublic and thcir expcrienccs. Bub that is not true, to Flnnce. British alnr:es ulon the scale of tho
have becn at rvar with Nazi GcrmanY becnrrsc cvcr'-y dav, cycn on Suntla; s, rvc are cffort of the Grcirt \\':rr arc ill to stand in
prcplratiotl.
r' for a rnouth tonight. We havc not yct attackirrg tlr'cnr ripon thc approrclies to thc The British peoplr' arc t'lcterlninetl
comc at all to the scvcrit-y of fighting rvirich is British Islcs. Sonc undoubtcclly lravc prcferrcd the line rvith- thc -"pleldid
army of the Frcnch
to bc cxpcctcd; bub thiec irnportant things to go off and sinli tlie uttprotectcd ncutral ships Renublic. an,l shari rritb theli. as Iast aud as
havc happurc,l. oI Nonvav antl Srvedcn. en.iy a.'s-e crn. sltlttvcl' nray be coruing
I'irsl,'Polaurl hrs bccn again overrttn by I lrorre"tlrc rhy rvill contt' u ltelt ttrc Admilalty towtrrds us both.
two of thc sreat Porvcrs rvhich hcld hcr in bonrl- will bc-rble to invitc ships ol all Iiutions to join It may be' thlt grcat ordolls m:ry be-cotning
agc for Ii0"-vears, hut s'cre unable to conqucr the' the British convovs attrl.ittsute them ol their to us iri tb;s ;slaid good
from thc air' Wc' shall
snirit of the Polish nation. vo.yage3 at a reasotrablc rltc. do our besb to give a account of ourselvcs,
'The hcroic dcfcnce of \\'arsow shos's thal thc iVc must; of course, cxpect that the U-boat and we mu;t als'a,rs rerueurbcr that the com-
soul of Poland is indcstructiblc, and that shc attack upon tltc scu'bornc cotnurcrce of the mand of thc scai will of cnable us to bring
rvill risc again likc a rock, rvhich may for a spell norld lrill bc rt'r'tt'*cd prcsontly on a grcltcr the imnensc resources a decisive, Cantda and thc
bc submcrgerl by a tidal wave, but which scalo. \\'c hopc, horvevcr, that by thc cnd of Nerv World into plav as ultimat'e
remains a rock. Octobcr we shall have three tinlcs as many air factor bevond [hc'reach of what we havc to
What is the second event of this first hunting-craft at rvork as rvc had at the btginning give and tak'e over here.
month ? It is, of course, the assertion o{ the of the ivar; ald I can assuro you by tho nrca-
porvcr of llussia. Russia has pursued a cold surcs rvc have taken wc hope that out'mcaus of Hitler Began It-We End It
rolicv of self-interest. putting dorrn this post rvill glorv continually. nlRtrcrtoNs bave bcetr giscn b.v thc Govcrn'
^ WJ could have wished that thc Rtrssian iVe are taking groat carc about that. It mcnt to prcptre f.r a nar of at lcast threc
armies should be standing on their preseut linc Therelorc, lo sum up the results of the first vcars. Thlt tlocs Itot lttcan thlt victot.l'nrav
as thc flicntls and allies oI Poland, instead of as month, lct us say that Po.lan<l has bcctr ovcrrun, irot be gainrd itt a shor t tilttc. Horv soon il will
invrdcrs. but uill risc aqaiu; that Russia ltas uarlred be cairfttl depcnrls rtpon ltorv iorrg Herr Ilitlcr
But tliat the llussian armies should stand on Hitlcr o{I his Xastcrn drcams; and tlrat thc anrf his grout) ol rvickcd tttett, wltose ltands ;trc
this linc was clcarly necessary for the safcty of U-boats mav be safclv lcft to lhc carc and stainecl iith'lrloorl autl soilcd with eorruptiort,
Russia again-st the Nazi mcnace, corrstartt attcntion of tlrc British Navl'. can liccp their srip upon th,' docilc. unbappy
Whcn Herr von Ribbentrop was surnmoned to Norv I wish to speali about rvhat is happening Gernan pcople.
Moscow last week it rvas to learn the fact, and in our olvrt island. Whcn a peaceful democracy It was lor Hi'ler to say when lhe war would
to acccpt the fact, that the Nazi designs upon is suddtxrly made to fight lor its lifc, therc must begin, but il is not for him or his successors to
the Ballic States and upon the Ukraine must be a lot of trouble and hardship in turuing over say when it will end.
courc to a dcad stop. from poace to rvar.
His Majesty's Govcrnment is unitcdly rc' only It began when he wanted it, and it will end
thc efiort of rvhich the when we are convinced that he ha: had
Triple Community of Interests solved to rirak6 maxinturn
British nation is capablc,
fr ceNxor forccast to you the action of Russia. whatever may happen, until dccisive victory is ar-rd to persovere, enough
lt is a ritldlc wrappcd in nt.ystery insidc an The Pr.me Xlinister has statecl our war aim;
enigma; but pcrhaps lhere is a key' That key gaincd. in terms rvhich cannot bc bettered, and which
is Ilussian national interest, Meanwhile patriotic men and women, and cannot
bc too oftetr tcpcatcd : " To rcdccm
It cannot be in accordance with the intercst those who understand the high causes in human of Eulope iiom thc perpctual artd recurtin: fcar
or safr,tv of Russia that Nazi Gcrrnarry should lortunes which are at stake, must not only rise Geruan uggrcssiott, nnd cnablc the pcoplcs
nlant iticlf upon the shores of thc Black Scn, or above fear, they must also rise above inconveni' of Durope to plcservc thcir indcpendcncc attd
ihat it shoui.l overrun the Balkan Statcs and ence and boredom. their liberties.'- That is rvhat the British and
subiugatc thc Slavonic peoplcs of soutlr-castcrn tr'rench natiohs are figlrting for. . , .
Parliament will be kcpt in session and all Now wc have bcgun : now we are going on;
Euiofe. That rvould be contrar; to thc qrievanccs or mnddlcs ot scandals, if suclt there now, with the help of Gotl and all that is
historic lifo-intcrcsts of Russia. Ire, can be licclv vcntilated thcrc. ln past times
But in this quarter of the world, the south- the House of Commons has provecl itself an mcant thereby, andoflvitb the conviction that
civilization and freedotn,
east of Durope, these interests oI liussia fall instrument of national will-power capable ol' we are the defendets
into the same channel as the interests of Britain waging stcrn wars. we are going otr, and wo are going to go on to
antl I,'rancc. None of thesc three Porvers can theend....
In other ficlds. a largc tlrmy has ah'eacly gonc
afford to s,:c Rumania, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and,
abovc all, 'Iurkcy, put under the Gcrman hecl' Ifrnn I arn in thc samc post as I was twcnty-
ll fiu" vears ilco. Rouqh tinrcs lie aheah.
Through the tog of confusion and uncertainty but how iiffcrcnt" is thc iccne li'onr thrt oi
we may discern quite plainly the community of Octobcr, I9I4 ! Thcn thc Frcnclt frorrt. witb it,r
interests which exist between England, France British assistance. sccmed to be about to brca,k
and Russla to prevent the Germans carrying the undertheterriblc impact of Gelman fmpct'iaiisrn.
flame: of war into the Balkans and Turkey. Then Russia had becn laid lorv at Tanncnberg.
Thus-at some risk of being proved wrong by Then the whole might of the Austro-Ilungarian
events-I will proclaim tonight my couviction llmpirc rvas in battle against us. Then the
that the sccond great fact of the first rnonth of brave, warlikc Turks were about to join our
the rvar is that llitlcr, and all that Hitler stands enemies. Then we had to be ready night and
{or, havc bt'en and are being rvarned off the day to 6ght a decisive.sea battle with a formid-
east and thc south-east of EuroPe. able German Flcct ahnost in many rcspccts tho
:qual of our own.
ftr/rrer is tho third everrl. ? Here I spcak as We faccd those ach'ersc conditions thcn.
YY I,'irst Lord of the Aclmiralty with cspccial We have r.rothing worso to face tonighi. In
earrtion. Jt rvorrld seem that thc U-boat attack t"hosc days of 1914, also, Italy was ncuLra!,
upon tlie life of the British Islcs has not so but we cljd not know thc reason for her ncutrclily
Iar provcd successful. thcn. It was only lnter on that we learned
It is truc that rvhen they sprang out upon us that, by a secret clause in the original Treaty of
and rve wcre going about our ordinar.y brtsiness, 1'riple Alliunce. Italy h:rd exprcssly reserved to
rviih 2,000 ships in constant movemeut cverj trcrself the rigbt to stand aside from any
dav unou thc seas. thcv manaqed to do solne rvar which brought lier into conflict with Great
."fioui ,l",n"gc. But "the Ilo'yal Navy has llrita in.
imrncdiatclv attacked.the U-boats, and is Much has happened since theD, misunder-
huntins thtlrn nisht and r.lav. . ' . slandings and disputes have arisen; but aU ths
And"il looks t6nigbt very tnuch as if it is thc more do we appreciate in England the reasons
U-boats who arc {eeling the weathcr, and why this great and friendly nation of ltaly, with
not the lloyal Navy or the wor'ld-rvidc com-
whom we have never been at war, has not seen
merce of Britain . . . . I)uiing the first rnonth of fit to enter the struggle.
thc rvar wc have captured by our efficient con-
traband control 150,000 tons more German I do not understand rvhat lics bcfore us, bub I
mcrchandise-food, oil, minerals, ancl other must sa,y this : I cannot doubt rve havc the
commoditics-for our olvn bgnofit than rve have strcngth to carrv a good causc forrvard, and to
losl. b.y all tlre I'-'uoat sinkings put together. Mn. Winstoh Ghurchill i3 hers s€sn at the break down the barricrs which stand bctween
Wc-arc toltl that all thc U-loats ltave gone microphone making hi8 historia broadoast. the wagc-earning masscs ofevery land and a freo
homc to tcll thcir qraster about thcir cxploits Photo, I'.N.A. and more abundant daily life. . . .
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 182 Tke War lllustratetl October 2lst, 1939

ODD FACTS ABOUT THE WAR

Worth Noting Today and Re-readinE in Years to Come
"EYen Hitler"... -lhe York
New Tl!<es Precautions Ready for Victory Celebrations
iJe{ore the u.ar the Lord Chamberlain Federal Governrnent has bsen asked nlany millions oI fireworks * hich were
refused to license for public performance to provide at least zoo anti-aircraft guns for ready for Guy Fas.kes Dar. are being stored
a song called " Even Hitler Had a Mother." the defence of Nerv York against possible a*'ay in bonrb-pro,rf ma{azines, and rvill be
This ban has now been rernoved. surprise attacks. ' available for victorr- celebrations.
A Seat in the Stalls Hitler's Coffee Popularity of Gas Tests
The high ground near Schengen, in Among the consignnents seized by the At Kinlston-on-Thames people queue up
Luxembnrg, provides a front seat Ior the Contraband Cornniittee, and coming up for daily at the entrance to the gas chamber,
crorvr'ls of visitors rvho arrive there to rvatch judgement by the Prize Court, were zo bags opened for the purpose of letting
the fighting about a mile away. them test
of coffee, weighing more,than trvo tons, sent the elficiency of their respirators. It was
Under the Starnp from Aden to Ilamburg as a gift to Flitler stated that peopie arrived sonervhat ner-
A letter received by English friencls of a from the I(ing of the Ycrnen. vously but left full of contidence.
resident in Clermany stated that the food Polish Army in Franre
rras good and that they must not worry The Polish r\mbassador in Paris, \{. Lindbergh on Arms Embargo
about her. f'he letter concluded : " Tcll Lukasiervicz, has issucd a proclamation Colonel Lindbergh, hitherto a member of
.(l--- to tahe the starnp off this envclope calling upon all Poles betrveen the agcs of the isolationist school, norv states that he is
for his collection." Underneath the stamp 17 and 45 to report to their nearcst torvn hall. a convert to the li{ting of the U.S. arrns
rvere found the words : " \l.fe are starving." embargo,
ln a Soho Caf6 Friendship Through Shaving
Dvery day in London's bcst-known Gcrman A Nazi broadcaster rvas trying to console No Radio for Jews
The confrscation of *'ireless sets owned by
caf6 blond Germans are to be seen crrjoying his audience for the introduction of rationing. Jews in Germany. has begun.
meals such as they would never knorv in I{e said : " Ration cards help enormously
their native land today. One of them to drarv people nearer to each other. For No Black-out in Belgium
remarlred : " I have been two years in example, now when v'e want a shave we have All Belgian towns are to maintain their
Britain. The longer I stayed the more first to approach the mayor to get a ticket usual street lixhting throughout the night.
I liked it ; so I never went home to Stuttgart. allowing us to buy shaving cream. Even the By tlay a bis lette'i B in ri.hite canvas will
f never knelv how much I hated Nazi-ism State takes an interest in the growth of our be laid on the ground betn'een the frontier
until I came to this country. People are beard." and neighbouring villages.
decent and civilized here.
Gone to Berlin ; Back Soon
A.R.P in the B.M. At the side door of the deserted German Loyal Arabs.
The Reading Room of the British Museum Embassy in London, a wooden notice in- A message that thc Palestinian Arabs will
ltas never very easy to enter. Today not scribed " Special Division, Swiss Legation " " abstain from all acts rvhich could impede
only must one have a reader's ticket, but is nailed over the brass plate annorrncing France or rellect on her interests " has been
no person will be admitted unless he carries " Deutsche Botschaft." A policeman rvho st'nt to the Hi;1h Commissioner oI Syria by
a gas-mask. enquired why the brass plate u'as not removed the Grancl Nlutii of Jerusalem.
altogether was informed : " They told us to
Horse-box Bedrooms leave it.; they expected to be back before Defiance to U.Boats
A raceconrse on the outskirts of Paris long." (Doily Telegroph) "Although some r-5o,ooo tons of Britisli
has been turned into an intern- shipping have been sunk, some-
ment camp for Germans and times rvitlrorrt rvarning, no British
Austrians. The Germans are crew has rcfuscd to put to sea.
accornnrodated on the paddock
side, and sleep in the- horse- Possible Falsc Alarm
boxes. 'Ihe Austrians' quarters The Shofar, the horn sor.rnded
are in the popular enclosure, by rabbis on the Day o{ Atone-
and they are sleeping in the ment, was silenced this year, in
totalisator. case it mi;ht be taken {or an air-
raid warning.
lncreased Visibility
It has been proved that persons Radio frmateurs Close Down
wearing or carrying some rvhite Two thousand British amateur
addition to their clothes are visible transrnitting stations, as well as
at night, even when zo yarrls several hundreds operated by the
away. IIence the growing popu- Navy's \\'ireless'Reserve,'have
larity of u'hite gloves, white beconie silent for the duration
walking-sticks, scarves, and gas- of the war.
mask containers,
" Blighty " Again
" Not so Hard t' 'f'his rveeklv rgagazine, which
$ hen a number of German rvas issued 1o the Scrvices during
olficers arrived at a prison canrp the Great War,' is to reappear
in I')ngland, a \roman in a small on October zr. The cost of the
group ol spectators cailed out : first issue is being borne by Lord
" Ilirrd luck, nrate." One of the Nuffield.
prisoners pro m p tl y retorted :
" Not so bard ! " Help in Palestine
Nearlv rzo,ooo Jervish men and
Coloured Gas-masks wornen, tbat is, a quarter of the
Gas-masks {or children rvill soon
entire Jervish population, regis-
be available in pastel shades.
tered for service in local defence
f it is thought, u'ill make thern
his, and auxiliary services of the
less repellent to their lvearers.
British Army in Palestine.
News in Greek
Not for Every Day The B.B.C. is norv broadcast-
After describing the proclucts ing regular bulletins in Greek.
of Nazi lield kitchens, a German Tlris makes the thirteenth loreign
press correspondent rroted : "Other language norv being used by
features of the soldiers' menus the British studios.
incl.ude tobacco, snuff, ch ,colates,
sweets and stlen3theninS drinks." Taking Care of Hitler
But he adrle.l : " Of ccurse, they A nes' battalion of bodyguards,
are only givcn to soldiers rrhb THE LITTLE RED FATHER. 'rHeilKamerad! Nowthat I'vodealtwith tire Iourth, to accompany and pro-
are srrtlject to severe nerve Poland, tell me what peaco torms I am to diotats to ths Domocracies." tect .Hitler during his visits to the
strain. " Fl o n tha c ertoo n b y S dl Il er nar d P arl / i(t ge. By P el ni ss io n ol th e Prcll i ctol s of " P anc h" Frort, has been organized
 Adober 21st, 1939 Tlrc lI-rr IllrslralcLl 183

The Good Old Horse Comes Back

?L1$

This hors6 had a rope halte. by which it

could be led in a black-out by a man walking
' beside it.

When her car was laid up owing to tho

petrol restriction, this lady did her weekly
shopping on hoFseback.

!{onses, uhich for mlny yelrs ha,I

I- E l','en slortly disc.ppearinu fronr thr'
Londol streets, hacl a remarlialrlc " coiuc-
bilck " rvhen the rationing ol petrol tock
efi'ect. Ou certain thornuglrfares th,r.v
hatl bccn altogether bamrccl, Llut on
Scptcnibcr 27 thc ltinister of liransport,
annorincecl that thc barr l'oulcl bc liftecl
for thc time being in vierr of the shortaqc
of pcirol and thc conseqrient rccluctiol
:.it:'
in thc number of motor vehicles alailablc.
hr London it lvas chiefly for clral.ing
t ransporl vehicles that h or-"es reap irea.rc cl,
i;,i.triti

brit in the country rnany a ponv trap and

dog-cart \\rerc once nole cll tlre roads
after l:eing regarcled lbr years onlv as
lu nrber.

!;l.i,fii;|:,ft

SuDh a scene as this at a traffic stop became quite common almost immediately aftor th6 rationing of petrol took efrect, for caFs wene few on
the straets and evory horse-drawn van available was in use, At the beginning of the last war the case was very different. Potrol_was not
fationed,- but the motor had not becoms nearly so general as of recent years, The honse was the mSinstay of tnan8port' and as the Army
required very many horses for cavalry and transpoFt many animals were requisitiongd bv the Oovernment.
Photos, Uniuersal PictorinL Ptrss, I3.I.P.,Toficai aILd Pholobtcss
 7he Il'ur lltt::!rilctl A,',1'rr !1st. iiSi

Woaaaen's Work That Guards the Home Sktes

a w
irt!.q**.
.,::.::,'l
S+,s;g;a-*.
,iil:

'."1%4+:
..*f
,, ,f
L;
:l ,' , :, ' ' l:

'idi,
,

ffi i.t
,
* tit

Making the envelDpe of a barrage kite bal-

lo!n is the highly skilled work of these gi.ls
kneeling on tha factory ffoor.

i.F
I
,.,w,:

,;ii ,f.,,,,
.r l:*ra.l-
.'ll:,,,,,, :,,,:::,j:,,iiE$IS-* h-1d:iir1r" ...:

T;le making oi the b"rrage baltoons is largely done by wornen. ln the centre photograph girls are at their machines in the sewing d€-part-
ment with i specimen ol [heir finished handie;ork in the background. Above, lilt, some-of ihe tralloons are seen in a giant_ hangar. Flight'
soine of +ltese giant 'r sausages " are briing taken out into th€ open to undergo their final trial for airworthiness.
P hot os - C t r! r d [ ]' r e -: s
 Ottober 2lst, l9i9 ?he ll'ar Illustrated I Ei:

Silent Sentries Await the Raiders

\f,/rnN thc fir'st air-raicl u.rrrning -"oundecl in London-later it camcr out that it r';as a lone
YY
machine carrying a high French official that causcil all the pother-the peopie l,roked up
l'ith chccriirl confidence at the balloons floating^ in the sky abor-c their heads. Indeed,
it is no cxaggcration to say that they werc trrnazecl a-t the nurni,icr of Jrallools forming tlic
defensive nr,rts-ork. 'l'here ii'trs il brr,lloon barrrrge in the Great \l-ar. but it rvas il r,cry
small-scale affair, and thc ballools r,r'erc intercounectod by a curtain of calile-". Today,
cach balloon is a separate unit, rising frorn a lroLrile lorry on a sirrgle stcel cablc
of great strength. The position of thcse urits can bc ctuickly chrrr!.lccl rvhen oncc
tlic balloon has been grounded and defl:rted.

."t

'ig: .i ..:a
 The Il'ar lllustrated Oclober 2lst, 1939
ts0

The Tank Idea Triumphs Again

tanks are here seen-durinq manoeuvres. They are advancinq

ffiffiffi,"#Eiiii"r, opsn connins
rowards a distant oUieotive,"sf ifili'ilidii":.'1ti"ifo"" ldok out through.ths
tower, tnbattlethiswoufO'Le"ifos'e-6!n-O-tt""o"""uw,o-u^ld-b€-directedbfobservationthrough f r was on a Selltcmbcr morning in 1916
i-stot in ttt" front of the tank. I durinq ttie Battle of thc Sommc
that the first tanks lumbered across No
Ilan's Lanil from the British lines :Lnd
eharged clown trpon thc panic-st.riclicn
Gerrians. The enemy n'ere quick to
colrv tlto British invention, and in 1939
tLc"Nazis cmployed a tery largc ntttriber
of tanlis in tlicir"onslaughl upou Pol:r'tld'
It is perhaps not too much to say tlrat
the siriking and speedy success ot [ltc
invaclcrs rvas very-largely duc to tlrci.r
cmnlovment of those*maehines rvlrich
,rro'..Jd.,l from the fertile l-,rain of
Lt.-Cot. E. D. Swinton, forcefully baclicd
Churchill, in the early
" Mr. \\'inston
by
days of the Great War.

!!r. ii']}i ffi

;-#ry1;l++..41,Y;T*F
tertu: *' r. .+d.:t.i^. * *. *s+-v, ol
fffi;;:il#;;:ffi;ilrr#ffif$;1*$g5it*Fili;t*-;l"lli,,rg;;ift.3i.:liii:hi
them aro almost under wa nfu""t.rfr5il,}Tfili:l:i,f,l
dgadfy ofioct against the
Photos, Fox' Plattcl Neas attd' storl & Genetal'
 Oclaber 2lst, 1939 'j'|rc ll-ar Illuslrn!erl

Eye \Yitness Stories of Episodes

aird Adventures in tlte
Second Great \\'ar

o
OId Hitler Gave Me a Headache' set for thc reoorrnuiss;rncc. ][t'lrrl'hi]c.
in the tail of the aircralt the ;r,i'-gurrrici'
During reconnaissance flights nrade by the R.A.F. on the Westerrr
Front nurr-rberless " dog-fights " with German aircralt took place. lit-'pt up a stciirl,v fire . -t strearn of btrllcts
One of the most thrilling of these. when fir'e R.A.F. nrlcl.rines lrit thc orginc of thc leadinq l'lcsser-
cncountered l5 Messersclrnritt fighters, rl,as described in a N,linistly schrnitt. 'I'hc enemy lnachirre srvr'rvcrl,
ol Inlornration bulletin on Octol--er 1. and in a -qeconrl burst irrto fliuncs anrl
,-1-l H a rvourrrlc,l rrin'igator of thcl'hlee of our rrrirclrirtcs s'clt-' shot don'n. plungecl to earth. Keepinq up his fire,
sqrradrorr-lordor's'plirrrc sunrnrotl ,\rrothcr ruailc rr forcctl lirncling, lrut out the gunuer llndetl further brrlsts into ii,
J'I rrp tlrc fight ;rrrrl thc f'eclirrgs of of the 12 nrcn forrning the crcr,r's ciglit second fighter. lYith black snroke ponr-
thc cres. rvhen he srricl. " Old Hitlcr's ryerc seeri to escapc Lry palachutc. ing fronr thc nose it n.ent cloivn in a spin-
givcu rnc a bit of a ircadache, but that's Thc squadrou-lcadcr alone r-as left, Two hundrcd ancl fifty rourrcls of rinirru-
nothing^ to rvlrat lc'll gir-c hini." but he {ien- or.r just tlic sanre to linish nition had accounted for tl'n enerll.y
Orclcrs harl been given for an R.A.F. his iob. Dodging, siclc-slipiring aurl aircraft. Shrken by the gunncr's stearly
patrol to reconuoitrc a position behincl bankirrg, hc got irway 1'roltr thc cott- trncl a,ccurate fire, the l3 rornlrining
t hc ( icruriut lirre irL tlre nrosL strorr;:h' ccltratetl cnenrl' {irc, but heltl the rourse Germans gave up the fight.
rlefcldecl part of thc Sarr. ,\riti-:rirr::rlt
l;:rttcrics put u1i a liercc barrage, brrt tho
Ijritish aircrtrft l'crrt throush it succcss-
fully.
When rvell or-er thc fiorrticr, at a hcight
of ovcr 20,000 ft., tlro srluatlron-learlcr
sig.hted thc cuouy. Out fronr lrehintl rr,
Jlrnli of cloucl crtnc Irinc llo-*-*elschrnitt
{ightcrs. The-r' approachcd {i'olL rlircctly
ahcld, fl.ving 2,(it)l) ft. higlicr. -\rvii.y on
thc right another six suooliecl to tttacli.
llrealiile foruration, tlrc tlcrntrLrts cott-
ccntrttecl nlass llrc o1). c;rch British
r:nchinc itr turtr.

'Ihc nilvigntor, thc tirirtl rtrctttlrcr of

Fairev Battlo bombers -a ffight of which ate aoen in the lowsr photograph-weFe the type ol
R.A.F, aircraft involved in the air combat describod ln this page. The other photograph shows
a German machine-gunnoF on th€ alert.
Pholos, lf ide World and ltot
the crc*', l<cpt his liiot on tlit hourt:-
\riir(l coulsc, though his ittstrttttlcttts
t cle sttllsltccl alcl Lrc hirn-*elf rras rr ortttrictl
irr thc forchcarl.
'1'hc aircrlft, u'hcn it lrrnrlrrl, lrrrrl .9t)
Luiict holcs in thc firlrric. tltc itilclorts
altl rurldr:r l clc rlalirrgcd. lroth Pctrol
tirul;s rvcrc lmrst ancl floor-ling tlrc insitlc
of thc ftrsclrrge l'ith pctrol antl ltttitc,s. ,\s
thel' crossctl the flonticl tlte ertqirtc
1,rilcrl. Fronr thc starlroarrl t,:rrrli p,:trol
1.,oured tlrloush a bullet holc eaclr tirnc tlrc
aircnft lrllkcil, but by stoppirll rrp tltr:
lrolc l'ith his handkerchief thc i,ilot s'as
ablc to savc cuottsh j)etrol to ;t't horrre.
.\s the nrachiue touchr:cl clotlir it sptrn
r'u a circlc, crrrtrvheclcrl o\-cr ol) ollc
t-ilg-:r,ncl canght fire. 'Ihc rraligator
l.as fluug out on his hearl l-ith his clotlre--
on fire. Tltc guutier s.as ialrtncrl irtsiclc.
but the nrrvigltor hauletl hinr out artd
srnotherecl his blazing coiit rvith balc
hilnds. Thc squadron-leader lratl bceir
flung clear atrd was pickecl up dazed but
ruot seriousl)' hurt,
 --=l
_t

188 The l'l'ar lllttstratetl Uctober 2lst, 1939

ililililililtilil1il1ililililililrilililililil1il1ililil111il1ililililililililililrililil1iiii I WAS TH ERE! IrIII||IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|L'''''''''''','''''''' IIIIrIIirijrIrIIrII||IIIrIrrrrIIrIrIIrrIrI||IIIIII

I Saw an Air-Liner Passenger Shot

On September 26 a Dutch airJiner flying from Malmo to Amsterdam
was attacked in error by a German seaplane, and one of the
passengers, Mr Gustave Lamm, a Swedish engineer, was killed
by machine-gun fire. The heroine ol the incident was the Dutch
stewardess, AnnY Wynoldt, whose story is reprirrted here by the
courtesy of the " Daily Express. "

1' r{DARD rattling ol the 'plane, and I of ra.ttling, and Lrullets flerv rouncl rne.
I hurricd to Pilot Moll to ask hirn Sorne of the passenccrs snrcllecl burnirtg.
what was wrorrg. I said it n'as a srnall clefect in the nrachine.
The rattling was caused by Gerrnan Nobocly else knew that the mnclrine
bullets. l\'Iore came as I was on n1y way hacl beeu strucli by lifty bullcts. The
to the pilot, and one of these hit lIIr. passcngers ltncs' nothing of the attack
Lar1r1. urtil r.e lancled.

,*€
q%,
ll, -ry* 1,

fr*#ffo 7h€se photographs illustrate the tragic

incident off Denmark when a Dutch air-
liner was fired on by a Gorman military
'plano. Tha " air hostssa " (MisE Wynoldt),
whoso aocount is givon in this pag€r is in
the centre of tho group below. Socond from
right iE the Captain, J. J. Moll, famod for
his part in tho 1934 air racs to Melbourne.
The lin6r involved-an American type-
is soen top lolt; top right, bullst-holes in
the fuselage,
Photos. Associatcd Prcss and lVid? Wolld

H
4+ :,:liiif.l ,s

$fi.'
Hti.
:ffi# iffi i;

I pretelclecl he was ill, laid him back

in his seat, and covered him with a rug. ;
Then I tenrlecl the deacl rn&n as though
hc had failted. ff
I gave the other passengers papers
ancl books, anrl talked to tliem about
cvcryday tlriugs rvith a smile on mv fice,
lnt with dcatlr in my heart, becau,qe I
lrrrs tlie ouly ouc t'ho lrnew rvhat h:rd
happened.
\Yhcn passengers askecl rne about the
rattling, I said the aerials had got loose.
I
had a terril,'le rnoment when I'went Wn'
into the pantry. There was another burst

With the French Troops in Germany At another poirrt ncar the borclcr l'e
sarv Frencir alti-aircraftcrs il action
Towards the end of September the Flench had advanced into the agninst three Gennan reconlaissarrre
" No Man's Land " in front of the Maginot Line, and had pene- 'planes flving r-ery high. The'lilancs fled
trated into German territory at several points. Mr. Kenneth from range as black streal<s aud white
Downs, a Daily Express " special correspondent, one of the
"
fir-st group ol newspapermen to visit the lront lines on the puffs frorn tl'o types of anti-aircrail
Westein Front, tells of the fine spirit ol the French troops. shells appeared magically in the sliies.

T-tnrs dispateh is bcing writteu at a takcn as a souveuir. I have hctrd I understand that one of these 'planes
l- spot east of the Franco-Gerrnan interniittcnt firing up in the front lirres was brought clorvn at another point.
frontiei which I am not at liberty to throughout the clty, artd it is continuing II.v real tlirill of thc day was witnessing
clisclose, but it is rvhere actual hostilities nol'that dusl< is bcsinning to fall. the brilging in of a captured Germat
are in progress. A French oi.rscrvation balloon was officer. I just glimpseil him as he was
I hive alre,rdy witnessed au action lrrought clown bv a Gerinan 'plane a few rushed up ir a tily car to a poilt behiud
along the li'ont. I picked up a box of ttrinutes before arr'r'al at our point of the lines and turned over to a French
fieruran uiatclics and a tr'rench corporal the frontier, l.rut tlro Freuch observer colonel of the Intelligence service and
saye il)c an al.,itttcloned Nazi flag he had parachuted to safet:'. whisl<ed froil vierv.
 October 27si, 1939 The ll'ur lllustrulcJ is9
ililil1il1ilil1iliililililililil1il1ililil1il111ililililililil1ililililil1il1ilililil111ililil1il11 I WAS THFFTE! iliililtiilltiiiIlillilililnillilil|llilillillilllllliltillillilililiriiiiiiltilillilill!il!il1il
But I saw him'long enough to notice
his glurn features. He wore a peaked
officer's cap on straw-bloncl hair, a field
green overcoat and high quality boots. &-r"-
I judged him to be at least a cnptain. .
On the n'rench side gcneral mobilization
is couplcte. I thought I knerv rvhat
mobilization meant, but rvhen I actually
gl:mpsecl it I was completely staggcrci
by its proportions.
Naturally I cartnot clisclose the names,
but I can say I have sccn troops from all
parts of n'rance arrd frorn all parls of the
I*rench Empire and of all niilitary ages. $, F:*
I was greatly impressed by thc deadly !:r.
businesslike attitude of the troops. They
look good and tough.
&.i
InSpain, wherever I passed troops f';L,,
,:

rvho were not fighting they werc always

sirrging or indulgir.rg in some sort of horse-
rffi;
play. I sarv none of this toclay. Thc q;r
troops we passed in villages, camps or
on roads lvere lynx-eyed, expressionless, H";
rvith no illusions about rvhat rvas ooming, Fr€nch anti-aircraft gunn€rs ars hero seen at tho alert b6hind their gun, in its emplacemont
somewhere in the vicinity of the Maginot Line. Thoir appearance bsars out the tribute paid
but believe me they are ready for it. . to the French troops in thia page : 'r they are angry, thoy mean business.,,
A lieutenaut-colonel of the Second Photo, Tofical
Bureau said: " The troops are the best
I have ever seen. Theirs is a much Officers and men cr.err-rvhere confirrned to carry us farther on. Thcn we decidecl
healthier attitude than the 1914 'On to that the Geruran p.i.on.r. capturecl to retum to Rumania, hirc a taxi ancl try
Berlin' nonsense. They knorv what it during the firsb days n'ere completely our luck at the neighbourine froltier po-st
means this tirne. They are angry and berriltlered, hardly knol'ing that war of Zaleszcz"vki.
they mean business." existed or what thev rvere fighting about. ft was tlark when our t:rxi, with hfihts
out, crossecl the bridge over the Dniester
to a halt at the
They Arrested Me as a German Spy a,rrcl came
barrier. And there, to our utter rlisnial',
Zaleszczyki

Crossing the frontier into Rumania in the wake of the retreating lvho shoukl be waiting to receive us but
Polish Government and the diplomatic corps came the newspaper the beardecl .qleuth from Sniatvu.
correspondents. Among them was William Forrest, of the " News
.

Chronicle, " who tells how, in the general pirnic, he and an American " Aha," he exclaimecl r'"ith stage-
colleague were held on suspicion ofespionage. villainisli glee, as he flasherl his torch in
our faces, " l,re meet asaiu ! " Then.
ft ne scope and thc accuracy of the big plaiu-clothes detective rvith a bushy,
turning to a group of froutier guards, rvho
Cerman bombirrg irr Poland said brorvn beard. Mysterious visitors callerl
much for the worl< of the enemy spies. at our hotel iluring the night, cpizzed thc had come up behincl him. he coollv
No wonder there rvas something approach- lancllorcl about our movemeuts, ancl then rlenounced us as spies.
irig spv mania behincl the Polishlines. . . . disappeareil. When lve telepironecl rve Cowarcls clie many timcs before their
\iigilance rvas greatest along the fron- lvere forbidilen to speak in any language cleath. Call me a cowarcl if ,vou lilie, brit
tier. \Then I re-eirtered Poland at, but Polish. if ever I felt dead ancl done for it was
Sniatr.n along with al Arnerican colleague Three ilays passed in this fashion, then. To be suspected as a spy was barl
\\'e came under the suspicious eye of a what time rve huntecl in vain for petrol enough; to be rlenonnced as one \vas
infinitcly worse.
There had been so many cases 'where
the police shot first anrl ilquired after-
rvarcls-if they troubied to inquire at all.
They draggecl us from the taxi, stuck
revolvers in our backs, -shotted " Hands
up ! " and marched us to thc parapet of
the hrirlgc.
The Dniester sounclecl ven- far belorv.
A long drop.
The bearled. man, rvho hacl vanishetl
in the darkuess, now reappearcd with the
chief of police, 'who began to -qhout at us
in Polish :
" You speak German, don't you ? "
" Not a word," rve both lied. " Onll'
English and French."
A man who spoke verv broken English
wtas brought along to interrogate us, A{ter
Carrying Oovornmont ofhcials, tha last train to leavo WarBaw for Rumania was bombed a few qucstions and ansrvers he said to
and machino-gsnnad fourteen timos by the Nazis on its way to tho frontier. Abovc, th.
train ls sson halted with tho pssongers who loft it during one. of tho raids waiting to me, " Tf you are really English, why'clo
re-ombark whon th6 Faiders had paaged.
Pholo, Ptranet It'ews you speak English so badly ? "
 196 T he l{ ar ll,htstrateil, October 2lst, 1939

Was it my Scots aceent, or what ? have been forged-but some flattering " The cornurander waved to us frorn
-{las,
undoing
that
! - " r " should be my
a rolling - references to durselves clipped from a his conning torver to abantlon s}rip. I
IVarsaw newspaper that turned the scales ord.ered the..crew to get a boat overloard
Turning to the pohce, my critic ex- in our favour.
- and we pulled qell cle;ar of the trrr.wler.
pressed his doubts Concerning me. I felt Most of the " grilling " was done by 'l The submarine cor'mander .orclered
-against
ihe revolver again, pressed my candlelight, for the electricity sutldenly us alongside and told me to con.re ott
back, and said my lait prayer. failed, and while.our own fate was still boartl. He extencled his,hand and said,
The police chief, thinlpped, grey-eyecl, in the balance we heard the police in the ' Good afternoo,n, captain.'
a man-without pity, kepC us waiting in room next door beating up another " \\re shook ]rands and. he said, ' I am
ar1 agony of suspeiise Jnd then rappecl prisoner. sorry, I will havc to sink your ship.'
out an order whlch we did not under- But after our innocence rvas establishecl IIc asked nie if there $-ere any nrore ltlelr
stand. holv charming they all becanie. Profuse in the 'Ah'is '. and if that was the only
Our taxi drove up ancl, still at the point apologies ; refreshments ; and two beds boat wc hacl.
of the ievolver, n-e were pushecl insitle for the night. " They handed cigalettes round to nry
and driven to the police-station. T'lveuty-four hours later the Russians boat crew ancl then the comrnander sent
It took ns four hours, during which our were marchilg on Zaleszczyki, and the us back to the trawler with a Genuan
papers arrd effects were subjecteil to a man with the bearil, the police chief and wgll4lg p-arty uncler_the lieuteuant.
hicroscopic
-our
examination, ta convince his men, and the detectives who exam- " The Gerrnans threw over thc sidc
thern of innocence. And in the encl ined us, 'rvere all fleeing across the bridge ha,lf the wireless ald smashed the re'st,
it l'as not our passports-which might into Rnmania. with a big hamrner.
" They also srnashed the dynarno ilr
All U-Boat Commanders Are Not So Callous |if**'X'"",,t"o,ST$'tii"',ilH il|:
From innumerable records of German ruthlessness, it is pleasant
fish we had on hoard'
to turn aside and read again these stories of two U-boat com- " The lieuteuant askecl for one of ottr
manders who,.while car.rying out their.stern_d.uty, treated with hfebuoys for a souYenir, and we shoolt
humanilv and kindness n.itirtr trawlers who
*?$:Tr:.irtJ:!.|ttl" ri'g o? th" b*y.
i,uiia, inro"gh the
" The comnander sent a bottle of gin
lV[*. _Cn.lnt.es I{onr-r*sos, nraster .of r-f{nnn. is thc story of. att .encourttcr across, u'ith his courplir'cnts. ] asked for
ivl thc 33;l-torr Fleetrvood trawler I rvith nn erremy-submaritte whose his uairie, l-,ut he sqirt a rnessage that he
"Rudyard Kipiing," gave the following comtnander chauged his mind, related regretteal he rvas 11a|1e to teil'me.
acconnt,_rcprinted..bv_the courtesy of the by i\tr. Albert Thornason, skipper-.of the 'i' Th" had a good growth of bea,ril
'_{er1s Chronicle."_ of the sinkirrg of his travler " Alvis," wlteu eventually she as if they"r.*
hacl been it sea"for some tirire,
-.hiP in the Atlantic: reacheil port. It is reprinted here by but thcyvere well clressed and well fer.l.';
" \fe wcre busy trawling on Saturclay courtesy of the " Evening News." A'otLer member of the crew sai4 :
night rvhen the bos'n shoutcd, 'Sub- " At 1.20 jn the a.fternool I sa1v a " The Gerrnans told us to go llrck to our
marine to starboard.' The subm,arine shell clrop shcrt of the ship and then I ship as they did not thinli we would be
signalled ' Abandon Trawler,' and we sa1v a Geiman U-boat. safe, 1g of us, i1 tftat boat,."
had uo optiou but to take to our Lroat.
'' The sullrrrarirre carne near :rnd took
on boarcl my cre\y. Five Germans then I : , ' r:, :::::'

got into our tloat ancl rowed to the

trawler. They took possession of all
fresh provisions, including two boxes of
fish, aud also 'rescued' the ship's cat.
"tThen two tirne bornlrs were placed at
the trawler's water line arrd the boat
then set off for ttre submarine. When
the boat he"d conie 300 5rards, the

greatcoats by the sutmrarine ctew, and

'when the cornrnander founcl that one of
rny nlen rvas rvithout a coat, he took off
his own anil lrancled it to him.
"'We were supplied with hot soup and
cigais, and an hoirr later a ration of runr
l'as served. Tiris w-as repeated two horirs
later.
" At 3.45 a.rn. today, the submarine
stopiied anrl the commandet ordered us
to get into the smdll boa!. We hail then
been eight hours in thp U-boat.
" The subrrrarine stood by until the
boat lvas baled dry. Th'en the U-boat
crew waved us gooCbye and the vessel One ol tho North Sea tnawlers, whlch ln this wan, as in th6 last, aro playing a vcry gallant
submerged. part at aoa! ia soon abovs. ln this pago tho akippor of a trawlor tolls the atory of his humano
treatmcnt by a U-boat oommander, Such troatmentr unfortunatoly, has not been general.
" We reachecl the shore at 9 a,m." Pholo, Wide World
 OctoL,er 2lst, 1939 'I'/rc ll' ar Illuslratetl

Million A.A. Shells in the Making

Shell cases for 3'7 in. anti-aircraft guns are beinq weiqhed in thig
photograph. tsach one muat b6 of the oxact weight sfecified,

frra 1'lroto{ra1,lrs jrr rlris l)irgo \\.,,:,,.

I trrltcrr rrl a ftrciory irr thc -\lirll;rrlls
(.nlt\.olto(l fror,t COr,rr,,Crci,rl lo
the productiol of rnurritiorx. -Iu thi_.
lrrr r,.i,Osr.s

J'act,rr',r' onlr' 3'7 anti-aircrrrft shclls :rrr:

lrr;rrlc, 1111i[ it lrls a c;r1,rcity of l.{r(r:r.(}rrn
r-olr. Tlrere ,,rc rri,u,1- nlurjiti(ln
slrolls ;r
frrctories in the inclustrinl aicrrs of tlic
ru Unitec[ liingdorn, sonrc of t]rern, lilir,
tlri* orrc. ori,tirraJJt l,uilt rrrril eqrr!111,,.,1
for turlnlr0r(.iill u rrrli, l,rrt 1,..,ii1.-
aclaptecl to the purposes of l-arl l.hilc,
othcrs have beeu spocillll. l.,uilt arr,i
ctluipperl l-ith nerv ruachiuerr-. A stljh-
irry featurc of noclern niulition u-or.lis is
tlic ease rvith ri-hich thc rrrachilery is
oJ,uriltcrl. Tlrr. r'ariorrs 1'l,occsses I r'{.
llrnost autornatic, so that iira, fel, u ccl,.
rviih rro lrletious
*#r"srffi'ffi trrorr c.\l)el.icuce ,,1
suclr u-ot k carr ncqrrirc ail the rre(,essirl \.
.liill arrd turn out frr.st-clirss rr.orlt. 'l'lic
rrdjusting ancl nraintenance of tjrc
+_jli:i!"'l"r,flTf"li"J:::':li lill,m**:;1;1.:xxli"&ji'J,%:'tuT;T*it
air' lmmediatolv above is a huse ::,g1,":,"""::
sioiJ-oiir,iii 6"!is rdaov to oe iJni io'iri"Hlr'ing rnit.liirrr.s rrc, of collrse. rlone by
racrory.
Pholcs, t'.)i.A, sorrrc of t]rc rnost sliilled rrrccharrici.
v

192 T'he War lltustrated October 2lst, 1939

OUR DIARY OF THE WAR
Monday, October 2
nI. Munters, Latvian Foreign Nlinister,
arrived in Nloscorv at the invitation of
llolotov.
A Soviet militarl' rnission arrived in
Tallinn, Estonia, to discuss mutual relations.
That R.A.F. 'planes flew over Berlin
during a night reconnaissance flight rvas
reporte<l bv the Air liinistrY.
ihe Fleich High Commaritl reported tlrat
local cnerny attacks had been repulsecl.
U.S. Senate opened the debate on the
Friday, October'5
The Admiraltv made a strong protest
against the " ri.arning " b-v -{dmiral Raeder
Washington announced that a warning of with regard to the American stearner
the imminent sinking, in the same manner " Iroquois." \\'ashington reported that U.S.
as the " Athenia,'i of the Arnericau steamer destro'yers had been ient to'nreet the vessel
" Iroquois," had been received from the as a precautionary measure.
heacl of the German navv.
Hitler announc6d his " peace " plan to the
llr. Chambetlain consirltecl rvitl-r T.U'C. Reichstag. It included the proposal that a
leaclers on rvar rvork control. conference should be held to discuss questions
arising out of the " collapse " of Poland,
Germany's claims to colonies and the limiting
of armaments.
A statement rvas later issued on the
authority o{ the British Government' that, -

Neutralitv Bil1. althougli his proposals were " r'ague and

British- freighter " Clement " reported to
have been sunk by a Gerrnan armed raider
or a vessel termed a " cruiser."
Belgian steamcr " Suzon " sttnk durin3
Sundav nieht bv a IJ-boat.
Srvehish-stearirer " Gttn " reported sunk in
the Skagerak by a U-boat.
Twenlv-thre6 tribunals began to deal rrith
the 5o,o6o enemy aliens registered in the
London area.
Tuesdoy, October 3
Count Ciano returned from Berlin and
renortetl to the ltalian Cabinet.
'IUr. Chamberlain statecl in the Hotrse of
Commons that nothing in the German
" peace offensive " could modify the attitude
rvhich Great Britain had felt it right to take.
German territory occuPied bY the
French was announceil by the Flench l{igh
Command to total r54 square miles.
M. Sarajoglu, Turkish Foreign Nlini-ster,
still in Moscow and stateel to be awaiting
instructions from Ankara on the proposals of
the Soviet Government.
The Turkish military mission arrived in
London an<l began discussions on rnatters of
common interest to Great Britain and
Turkey.
The Lithuanian Foreign llinister, M.
Urbsys, arrived in lIoscow at the 'invitation
of N{olotov.
It u'as reported that a Dorninican coast-
guard cuttei, caught refuelling a U-boat,
Lad been sunk by a French cruiser.
Wednesday, October 4
German Reichstag suntmoned to mcet
Fridav.
Kailsruhe said to have been evacuatecl,
the seventh German city behind the Siegfried
Line to be converted into a military base.
Minor enemy attacks on the \\'estern
Front were repulsed.
German High Command reported that
fighting was still taking place against, isolatecl
Polish aetachments near the line of demarca-
tion.
Italv maintained complete silence on the
subieci of the Hitlcr-Ciano meeting in Rerlin
Mr. Ilden announced that the Dominion
Governrnents are each sending a Cabinet
ir{inister to London to confer rvith the British
Governmeut on the co-ordination of resourccs.
The crerv oI a Greek ship,." Diamantis,"
which ha.d been torpedoed the day before,
rvere landed by the U-boat on the rvest coast
of Ireland.
Reported that Germans had captured four
Swedish steamers in the Baltic.
British steamer " Glen Farg " sunk
U-boat.
Thursdoy, October 5
Fiench Command rePorted a 7-hour
battle in the .N{oselle ValleY.
Hitlcr flew to \l'arsaw to review Nazi
troops who had taken part in the siege."
A-oacL of mtrtual assistance between the
S<rviei Union and Latvia was signed in
Moscorv.
Soviet-Turkish talks rcported to be held up
French submarine arrived safely in port
rvith a German merchant ship captuled
r,ooo miles from the coast
Airy shapcs you cannot scc,
Sharlows of a wistful thought,
lVaifs of waning mcmorv :
You, the sons of tragic .''ca[-q.
German flying boat brought tlorvn after a
combat rvith a North Sea R.A.F. patrol.
Paris reported that French artillery were'
Ilinistry of Information issued the account engaged in rcpulsing German patrol attacks.
of the escape and sa{e retrtrn of a British chiefly to the south-east of Zrveibruecken.
submarine practically disabled by enemy Finland, under pressure, decide<l to send a
depth charges.
Su,edish Government announced that roo
cargo stieamers would be armed for coastal
on patlol
9,t ia, 9nd Jh'z.t , ,
Compulsory labour service lor Jews in
Germany is to be introduced.
No bombs could be more hated bY the
Nazis than leaflets dropped by the R.A.F.
Before evacuating Upper Silesia the
Polish authorities inundated the coal mines.
Half of Poland's gold is being held tempor-
arily by Rumania against the cost of accom-
modating refugees.
Genaan authorities have had barbed wire
erected all along the frontier to prevent mass
desertions by Nazi soldiers.
The employment oI over 5oo,ooo Poiish
prisoners has greatly eased labour diffrculties
bY in German industry and agriculture.
+ The reported disgrace of Goebbels is said
+ to be because he alone advised against
+ Germany going to war.
+
Explaining the Soviet-Getman pact, Nazis
J
stated : " Russia is no longer Comrnunist.
+ The last Reds have been ejected or shot."
+ +
+
+ The elusive German liner " Bremen " has
+
been seen at the Russian Arctic port of
+ Murmansk.
t German soldiers, begging for food over
t the Dutch frontier, have been given it with the
+
+
remark : " Eat, but may Hitler starve ! "
+
)+
obscure," they would be carefullv examined,
but that something more than ivords rvould
be required from t6e German Gcvernment to
establish confidence in Europe.
A.conference of the Allied Commands was
held in France.
Saturday October 7
Twelve German raids on the Western
Front were repulsed during the night and
early morning.
There tas a series of artillerl' action on
both sides betri'een the lloselle and the Saar.
Dutih steamer " Binnendijk," bound from
Nerv York to Rotterdam, sunk by unrecog-
nized means in English Channel.
Red Cross and St. John Fund for the Sick
an<l Wounded reached the quarter million
mark.
ReporteC that the {,5,ooo,ooo British loan
to Poland rvas being used for war purposes
by the Polish Government recently estab-
lished in France.
Sunday, October 8
H.M. the K_ing returned {rom a tgo-day
visit to the Home Fleet.
Nazi tra.le delegatibn arrived in Moscow.
delegate to }lloscorv to discuss political and
economic problems.
Canada announced that a division of zo,ooo
men u'ould leave for overseas early next year.
The Germans
are - experimenting with
captive balloons that can be exploded from
the ground and destroy near-by aircraft.
Since the alliance with Russia, amended
editions of " Mein Kampf " are being
hurricdly prepared.
About ro,ooo Americans have been
evacuated from the United Kingdom to
U.S.A. and Canada since August 24.
('Gott Strafe England I " has replaced'
" Heil HitleFl " as a greeting between
Germans, according to a Copenhagen paper.
Five hundred thousand portraits of Stalin
have been sent lrom Moscow into the newly-
occupied Polish territory.
French and German soldiers have been
seen fishing on opposite banksof the Rhine.
No shots were fired from eithgr side,
A Basle report states that 25 per'cent of
the m:n in the Siegfried Line are ill with
angine and rheumatism,
a
Germany is arranging to run a Zeppelin +
service for the transport of raw materials +
a
from Russia to German industrial centres, +
a
Resentment is growing among the civil
+
population of Austria, especially at Graz,
where relatives of soldiers killed in action
were ordered not to wear mourning.
 Odober 2lst, 1939
OUR WHO'S WHO OF THE WAR
Lammers, HErNRrcs; Chiei of the Reich Chancellerv
and CabiDet I{ioister, rcpresenting the civil servic-e
eienent in Germany's s'ar machine.
ebrm, Arrenr-; President, French Republic, siDcer932.
Ireeper, RecrterD ; British Minister Plenipotentiar)',
Bucharest; in charge of News Department, Foreign
Office, several years.
Leopold, KI\G oF BELGTANs; " Ou neutralitl', baring
ben afhrmed, must be effective. Belgium has never
broken ber qord."
LequericL SEfroR ; Spanisb Ambassador, Pris.
I,ilerict, Laov; President, British Red Cross Society.
Linlithgo% I{ARguEss or; Viceroy of India.
Lipiaski, Cororrr; Commauder, Wasarv City garison,
Septenber, rq39.
Lippe-Siertarfolil, Pnrxcr BBnNxeno; husbaad of
Princess Juliana of Holland. Lippe Eas German
priocipality abolisbed by Nazi regime.
Loniloatlerry. Leov; Founder, lv!'omen's Legion.
(2, Ebuy Mes's, Buckiogham Palae Rd.)
Lmgiae, Srr PERcy ; British Ambassador, Rome ;
preriously Turkey, *'here friend of Kemal Ataturk.
Lowe, Mns.; Chairman, London County Council,
Luillo*Eewitt, SIR EDGAR ; Air Chief-Marshal, in
charge Bombers.
Lukssiewic4 J.; Polish Ambasudor, Paris.
u
Rr. HoN. Ilalcoru
MacDonslil, i Colonial Secretary,
Britais. Son of J. Ramsay Ir{acDonald,
U8cmilla4 Lono; Miaister of Information. Was
Assistaut-Director of Intelligence, Iuinistry ot
Information, r9r3.
Mclean Srxeror G. ; M€mber, Ausfralian lvar Cabinet.
Uedeley, \ r. B.; Leader of Labour Party, Soutb Africa,
and meuber of Smuts Cabioet.
Uaisky, Ivex; Soviet Ambassador in London.
Malen, J. P. ; Leader, Relormed Nationalist Party,
South Africa, wbich favom wvering British coD-
nexlon,
Madu, J.; Leader, National Peasant Party, Rumania,
oppo*d to King Carol,
Mgrch, Dox JtaN; Spanish capitalist, uho placed
fortuoe at disposal of Franco's Nationalist molemeut.
UariDescll' Grrrner; Ruranian Ministe! of the
lnterior; Former Chief of Police.
M. Hubcrt Piorlot, Primo Ministor ol
Belgium ainco FGbnuary, l9:r9, prv'pualy
hold othor ofFccc in thc €.binot.
Photo, Plaf,.d, N@s
Mgtchel, Dn-; Croat l,eader in Ylgclavia. Pronourctdly
anti-Hitler md pro-French.
Ma& ADorpHE ; Burgomaster of Brussls ; s'as io ofiie
rn r9r4.
Dleazier, R. G. ; Prime trIisjster, Commoo*'ealth ot
Australia.
Mdara$ Gf,NER^L: Military Dic'tator of Grcece since
.{uBust, r936.
Mezhlg[t VALERTAN ; Commissar tor Heavy Industries,
Russia.
Milne, Sra Jrxrs ; Ceneral Manager, Great l,y6tqt
Railway; rember of Railrvay Erecutive Committee.
Uolotor, V. M. ; Prime Minists, Soviet Russia.
Uonckfo!, Srn Wlrrex; Controller of Censorchip at
the Ministry of Information.
Uorge[thsu, Hf,NRy; Seqetary of tbe Treasury,
Udted Stats.
trorrisol, Rr. Hor, HERBERT; Is.der, London Coul$y
Council, and Chairman, London Air Raid Precautions
Committee,
[onisoa, Rr. Hox. W. S.; Minister of Food, and
Chaucellor, Duchy oJ Lancaster.
Moscicki, IoNece; ex-Preident ot Poland,
[unters, Vtrunrus; Latvian Foreign Miuister.
Printe.d in England and published cvery Tnesday by the Proprictors, The Amalgamated Press, Ltd., Thc Fleetway Housc, Farringdon Strcet, London, 8.C.4,
.AdverbisemcntOffices: ThcFleetwayllousc, l'ardngdonStrect,London,E.C.4. SubscriptionRates: InlandandAbroad, 1?,'.ld.perannunl; 8/8d.forsixmonths. Sole
A4erls lor Australia and New Zcaland: Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, Ltd. ; and tor South Africa : Central News Agenc.v, Ltd. October 91st, 1939.
The II'ar lllustraterl
Mussolini, Besrro; The Duce of ltaly, Founded
National Fascist Parrv wbich took pari jo march to
Rome on October 30,'r922. \\ras pirty to " Pact ot
Steel," sJgned in Berlin on l\{av zu, r939, which
" irrevocably bound the destinies of Imperial italy
and Greater Germany."
N-O
Newa,ll, Srn Crnrr; Air Chiei-tr{arshal. Chief of
Air Staff since rg37.
ilewton, C. H. : of Londoo and North Eastero Rail$ay;
member, Railrral Executi\e Committee.
I{isbio, Gsrrner- Tosrnzo;
Commander-in-Chief,
Japanese forces, China.
Xorman, Rr, HoN, NoNrAcu; Governor, Bank
England.
Iilygaarilsvoltl, JoHAN ; Prime Minister of Nor\riy, sincc
r935.
Ogilvie, F. W.; Director-General, British Broadcasting
Corporation.
Olipbant, SrR LANCELoT; British Ambassador at
Brussels.
Orbay, Gexener Krazru; Leader, Turkisb Military
IUissio! to LoDdoo, October, r939,
P
Pa€ts, KoxsrlxnN; Presideot of Estonia.
Pernot, GEoRGEs; Minister of Blockade, France.
Perry. Lonp I Chairman, Ford Iuotor Co, Businss
Adviser. I\Iinistrv of Food.
Perth, Lono (Eri6 Drurrrmond) ; Cbief Adr-iser on
Foreign Publicity, nlir)istry of Information. Or-
ganized League of Nations, GeDeYa, aod Britisb
Ambassador, Rome, before Sir Percy Loraine.
l6tain, I\{ensrer ; French Ambassador, Madrid.
Phipps, SIn ERrc; British Ambassador, Paris.
Pieilmont, PRTNCE oF ; Commander of group of Italjan
A!ruy. (Sce also Graziani.)
Pierlot, Ht nenr; Prime l{inister, National Union
Cabinet, Belgium.
Piw XII, PopE ; $as ?apal NuDcio to Germany in r9r7.
Polutt, Hannr' ; Communist Party leader, Great
Britain; opponert of Totalitarjanism.
Pouil, Srn Duprsv: First Sea Lord, ald Chief
Britisb Naval Stafi.
R
Raczinski, CouNr; Polish Ambassador, LondoD.
Raczkiewicz,' Leprsrrs; President of Poiand in suc-
cession to Ir{. Moscicki.
Reailing, Lono; Chailman, Executive Council lor
German Jertry.
Besiling, STELLA, rHE Do\\'AcER L.{D\': Chairman,
\4'omen's Voluntary Services for Cilil Defelce-
Beynauil, PAUL; Finance [lirrister, France.
Reynilers, Lreur.-Grnonlr I. H.; Commander-in-
Chief, Dutch.Army and Navy.
BibberhoD, JoAcHrM loN i German Foreigu llinis{er,
\4-as traveller in cbampagne until he manjed.qona,
daughter of Henkell, millionaire sine producer.
Boosevelt, Fnexxrrx D.; President of United Stat6.
s the Little Eutente and Balkan E.ntente," ircluding
Sdar',t, ANToNro DE OLTVEIRA; Prime luidster oI
Portugal; a fisarrcier gf genius,
Sslmon,tSrn Isroonr; Chairman, J. Lyons & Co.;
Hon. Catering Adviser to Arny.
Sarrjogltt Suurnr; Turkish Foreign Minister.
Sargert, Srn Onxe; Deputy Under-Secretary oI
State, Foreign Offce.
Savage, Rr. How. It[. J.; Prime Minister, Dominjou of
New Zealand.
Sayilam, Dn. Rrrrx ; Prime l\[inister, Turkev. Friend
of Kemal Ataturk ard former Minister of H€alth.
Seeil& Srn \\rrLLrAM; British Ambassador to Iltoscolv
sine r938.
Shaposbnikoy; Russian.Army Commander; Cbief oI
General Voroshilov's slafi.
Siilor, Coroxer Keer; Slovak guerilla leader.
Sikorski, LADISLAS; Prime Minister and Minisler of
War in ner-ly constituted Polish Governuent,
Commander-injChief of Potish Army in Francs
simon, Sre JoEN; chaacellor of tbe Exchequer.
Sinelair, Stn ARCaTBALD; Leader of Liberal Party.
ffiadowstl GrNeMr ; er-Prime Mjnister of Poland
Smctonr, ANTANTS; Pr6ident of Lithuada since 19z6.
gnfgly Ryalz, MARSHAL; Polish dictator and sucessor
ot Mambal PiJsudski, r'bom be served as Inspstor-
Gereral of Forces ud War Minister.
Saut1 Gaxern; Prime Plinister of Union of South
Africa since Septembcr 6, 1939, when General
Hertzog resigDed on neutraiily issue.
.8o![c!t|. Lonp; Deputy Chiet Scout.
Epaa,k, M. ; Foreign Minister, Belgium, and Socialist
kader in Natioml Uuion Cabinet.
Etalin" Josrpq; Dicta.tor o{ Soviet Russia. Aged 57;
Tas Gensal Secretary of Communist Partv and
succeded Lenin, wbstitutiug " Smialism iq a'single
State " for erlier " r'orld revolutioa " cry, latter
being slogan of Trotskyists.
Siaalcy, Orrven; President, Board of Trade.
StafheBb€rg, Pnrrcn; previousiy leader, Ausfrian
Heimvrehr, now forming Austrian Legion, Flatrce,
to fight against Germany.
Sta,rznski, STEFAN; Mayor oi Warsaw, the " Burgo-
master Max " of Poland.
Stouning, Tqonwrro; Social Democratic Prime Minis-
ter of DenEark; son of Copenhagerksheelwright.
Stew8rt, SrR FrNorlrrn; Director-General, Iuinistry of
Ioformation; previously PerEanent Under-Secre-
tary of State, India Oflice.
Stoyailinovitch, lrtrrex ; er-Premier, Yugoslavia.
ul
3lffliif,=ijjrs:;,igg!p;ti:lr*"Yi,":'xlil;l;".,
szlumper, GILBERT; of Southern Railwal'. Dircctor-
General, Transportation and nlovements, \4'/ar Ofnce,
Sedor railway transport ofhccr in r9r4-r8 war,
T
G.; l\linister of Foreign .Affairs, Rumania,
Tatarescu,
in lbe All Talents Cabinet, \thich opposcd Iron
Guuds.
th€ Taylor, Srs MAURTcE; Senior trfilitary Adviser, \l'ar
C)ffice, upon production and supplv-
Teleky, Couxr Pruu; Priore IViuistcr, Hungary,
in Marcb, r939. Is }iuu-
succeeding Dr. Imredy
gar1"s CtLief Scout,
figo, Ferxen; Prime llitister of Slovakia, assis'ted
oJ German in\.astor ot Slovakia, $hich preceded
attacks upotr Poland. Poland seized Javorin from
Slorakia in October, 1938, and this led to anti-Polish
feeliog.
or
Count Paul Toleky, Primo Miniaton of
Hungary sinca March, 1939, iB algo well
known as a gbographor.
Photo, Planet Neas
Titulesco, Nrcuotrs; ex-Foreign trIiDister of Rumania,
who lell from porver in r936. J\Iaiulv responsible for
Little EnleDte arrd kno*n as " Foreign Minister ol
Rumania, Yugoslavia, Turkey, and Greece. King
Carol resented Titulesco's iDliuence aud also his
pro-French policy,
Togp, S. I Japanese Ambassador, lloscow.
Twec|sm'i:, Lono ; Governor-General of Canada.
u-v
Illmaaig, KARLTs ; Pr€sident of Latvia and virtual
dictator since r934, rrheu Latrian Parliament lras
abolisbed. Was first Latvian Prine llinister, $ben
Latvia proclaimed r'Ddependenc€ in rgr8.
Urbeys, Juozes; Lithuanian Foreign It{inister.
Yigoq GaNrnu JuaN; Chief, High Geueral Stafi,
Spain.
Vivian, Srn SyLvANUs ; Registrar-General, respoDsible
for National Register scheme.
Vorosiiloy, MARSHAL; Soviet Defence tr{inister and
Commaoder oI Workers' and Peasants' Red Armv.
fniltsnin, Gnrrnrr JosEpH; Cbief, French Air Forc-e,
and b€lo of numberless air battles in War of r9r4-r8.
w-z
Vallaoe, CprerN EUAN; Minister of Transport.
f,ateilor,
Srn Svoxpv ; British Minister to Greece.
Wst€lto!. S. F.; Union Commissioner for South
Africa, London.
Wavell, Srn ARcHTB^LD ; Lieut.-Ceneral Commanding-
in-Cbief Middle East, incJuding Palestine and EBtpt.
geilFrood, Srn Rerps ; Char'rnan, executive commit-
.tee controlling British railsays and Loudo[ P6-
sengc Transport Board during war.
'Feir, Lonp; Director-General of Explosives, Council
of Supply.
Wenysg I\{AJoR-GENERAL H. C. B.; Director of
Mobilizatioq.
Wey€DtG Genener; veteran French soldier of Grcat
lVar.
Tikoa, Melon-GENERAL H. M. ; General Ofiicer
Com-
milding in Egypt.
Witos, W. ; Leader, Polistr Peasant Party ; been
exiled since r93o.
Wooil, Srn KrNcsLEy ; British Air Minister.
Wooil, Srn I TILLrAM ; of London, Midland and Scottish
Railsay; member of Railway Executive Committee.
Iemamoto. VICE-ADMTRAL; Commander of Japanese
Navv.
Zetland, Lono; Secretary of State for India.
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