Drill Bit Selection

Objectives
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Bit Selection Processes

Which Bit to Choose?

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Roller Cone or Fixed Cutter? If Roller Cone:

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Steel teeth or tungsten carbide inserts? Projection and Pitch of teeth / inserts? Journal bearing or roller bearings? PDC or natural diamonds? Cutter size & shape? Number of blades, hydraulics, bit profile?

If Fixed Cutter:
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Bit Selection Process Overview

Bit selection is at the heart of a process that begins and ends with the customer

CUSTOMER
Well Program
Summary Bit of Predicted Recommendations Well Data Performance Operating Parameters Hydraulics Economics Calculation Pricing

Offset Product Information Information

Drilling Fluids Influence

Mud Type Mud Weight

Request

BIT SELECTION Geology Influence

Rock Type Strength Stickiness Abrasiveness

Directional Drilling Influence

Build & Walk rate reqd. Tangent angle Drive type

Gather Data:
Well Prognosis Mud Program Directional Plan Offset Bit Records Offset FRR s Mud Logs Electric Logs

Prior Drilling History

Bit types used Performance standards Types of vibration

Parameters Recommendation

Analyze Data

Selection Process
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Applications
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geological knowledge is essential enhanced selection process using offset bit records, well log Analysis / GeoMechanics bit selection should meet actual criteria necessary to fail specific rock types and satisfy the cleaning requirements

Bit Selection Process - Details

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Collect data
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geology offset bit records, mud logs, well logs length of hole sections, drill out casing? drilling fluids directional drilling objectives geology

Analyze the proposed well plan

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Bit Selection Process (continued)

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Consider the rocks properties

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hardness / drillability / compressive strength abrasiveness stickiness

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Determine the Engineering Classification for the rock Identify best candidates from the Roller Cone Bit Selection Table and offsets

Bit Selection Process (continued)

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Identify opportunity for fixed cutter bit

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use Fixed Cutter Selection Table PDC, TSP or diamond? cost per foot breakeven analysis

Make an economic forecast

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Select the bit Check and fine-tune answer

Estimating Compressive Strength of the Rock

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Provide offset logs to Security DBS

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sonic log, density log, porosity log gamma mud log

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Security DBS performs GeoMechanics analysis Results in a computed strength log Strength values matched to bits

Engineering Classification for Intact Rock

Classification Very Low Strength Low Strength Medium Strength High Strength Very High Strength Compressive Strength, psi < 4000 4000 - 8000 8000 - 16000 16000 - 32000 > 32000 ROP ft/hr > 70 35 -70 15 - 35 5 -15 <5

Engineering Classification for Intact Rock

Classification Very Low Strength Low Strength Medium Strength High Strength Very High Strength Compressive Strength, MPa < 27.6 27.6 - 55.2 55.2 - 110.4 110.4 - 220.8 >220.8 ROP m/h > 21.3 10.7 - 21.3 4.6 - 10.7 1.5 - 4.6 < 1.5

Roller Bit Selection Table

IADC CODES

Classification Very Low Strength Low Strength Medium Strength High Strength Very High Strength

Milled Tooth codes 1xx 1xx - 2xx 2xx - 3xx 3xx n/a

TCI codes N/A 4xx - 5xx 5xx - 6xx 6xx - 7xx 8xx

Identify Opportunities for PDC Drill Bits

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Potential PDC Applications

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long shale, mudstone or claystone sections chalk, limestone, salts and anhydrite gumbo shales with oil based mud researched sandstone intervals absence of hard, well cemented, angular abrasive sands absence of chert, pyrite, quartzite motor/turbine drilling (high RPM)

Identify Opportunities for Natural Diamond / Impregnated Drill Bits

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hard siltstones, sandstones hard limestone, dolomite, motor or turbine drilling (high RPM) roller bit ROP < 6 ft/hour (1.8 m/h) roller bit footage < 50 ft (15 m) per run

Economics of Bit Applications

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Cost of the drill bit is not the concern ! Performance is more important
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projected ROP projected footage includes raw bit cost daily operations cost dominates trip time must be considered

Relevant cost parameter is Cost per Foot

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Cost per Foot (CPF)

CPF = bit cost + rig rate (trip time + rotating time) footage drilled CPF = (C + R ( t + T )) / F Where: bit cost, C, is in dollars rig rate, R, is in dollars per hour trip time, t, and rotating time, T, are in hours footage drilled, F, is measured in feet

Cost per Meter (CPM)

bit cost + rig rate (trip time + rotating time) CPM = length drilled

C + R(t+T) CPM = L Where: C R t T L bit cost, Rubels rig rate, Rubels/hour trip time, hour rotating time, hour meters drilled, meter

Rub/m

Bit Selection Process - Summary

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Collect all necessary offset data Perform GeoMechanics Analysis Identify bit types for all intervals to be drilled Identify any PDC bit applications Make an economic forecast
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cost per foot breakeven analysis

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Select the bits Build bit program, operating parameters, hydraulics

Thank you