CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 About the Organization:

Ericsson use innovations to empower people, business and society. They envisage a Networked Society that is sustainable, and where everything that can benefit from a connection will have one. Their mobile and fixed networks, multimedia solutions and telecom services make a real difference to people's lives, and the world we live in. In the Networked Society, Ericsson is the leading advocate of Technology for Good. By using broadband, cloud and mobility to address climate change, poverty, education, health, human rights, and humanitarian issues such as refugees, peace and disaster response, we work to ensure that our technology is a force for good and lasting change. Ericsson is a Swedish Multinational technology company that provides and operates telecommunications networks, television and video systems, and related services. Founded in 1876 as a telegraph equipment repair shop by Lars Magnus Ericsson, it was incorporated on August 18, 1918. Throughout the 1990s, Ericsson held a 3540% market share of installed cellular telephone systems. The world's largest ever manual telephone exchange, serving 60,000 lines, was installed by Ericsson in Moscow in 1916. Like most of the telecommunications industry, Ericsson suffered heavy losses after the Telecoms crash in the early 2000s, and had to lay off tens of thousands of staff worldwide to manage the financial situation, returning to profit by the mid-2000s. In the early 20th century, Ericsson dominated the world market for manual telephone exchanges but was late to introduce automatic equipment. In 2012 it was the world's largest provider of wireless network equipment, with a market share of 38%. Ericsson India Private Ltd. offers telecom solutions in India. The company provides telephony, intelligent networks, Internet protocol and data com, telecom integration and services, and multimedia communications services. It also offers switches and digital switching systems, and mobile office applications. The company was founded in 1992 and is headquartered in Gurgaon, India. Ericsson India Private Ltd. operates as a subsidiary of Ericsson.

1.2 THINKING AHEAD

1.2.1 Ericsson Consumer Lab-The Voice of the Consumer Ericsson Consumer Lab has more than 15 years experience of studying peoples behaviors and values, including the way they act and think about ICT products and services. Ericsson Consumer Lab provides unique insights on market and consumer trends. Ericsson Consumer Lab gains its knowledge through a global consumer research program based on interviews with 100,000 individuals each year, in more than 40 countries and 15 megacities statistically representing the views of 1.1 billion people. Both quantitative and qualitative methods are used, and hundreds of hours are spent with consumers from different cultures. To be close to the market and consumers, Ericsson Consumer Lab has analysts in all of the regions where Ericsson is present, which gives a thorough global understanding of the ICT market and business models. 1.2.2 Technology Insights Technology is at the heart of Ericsson business. Whether they're pushing the limits of existing technology, or inventing the products and services of tomorrow, they are dedicated to stretching the definition of what's possible. 1.2.3Networked Society In the Networked Society, connectivity will be the starting point for new ways of innovating, collaborating and socializing. Its about creating freedom, empowerment and opportunity to transform industries and society while helping find solutions to some of the greatest challenges facing our planet. The Networked Society is about new ways for us to collaborate, share and get informed. Its about innovative ways of doing business and shaping the future together, as well as a renewed approach to global challenges such as education, healthcare, climate change and our use of natural resources. Our role is to help capture the opportunities that arise as a result of these developments.

1.3PORTFOLIO
Ericsson has a wide-ranging portfolio of patents for a variety of technologies, and was also the inventor of the Bluetooth short-range wireless technology.

1.3.1 Communication Services Communication services support all types of communication between people, places and devices on any type of screen. The full range of services people use to interact with each other, such as voice, video, text and multimedia messaging, chat, web services and e-mail.

1.3.2 Fixed Broadband and Convergence The wire line access and connectivity services people and machines use to connect computers, devices, sensors and machines to each other, to data canters and to the internet. Ericsson's 4th generation IP network vision and portfolio supports a new generation of IP Infrastructure to be built, ready to deliver the relevant, personalized, end-to-end, IP-based services and applications that meet the high expectations of users.

1.3.3 Managed Services The Managed Services offering is built on global scale and proven processes, methods and tools. It consists of activities within network design, build, planning and operations. Managed Services offering consists of five segments: Network Managed Services IT Managed Services Broadcast Managed Services Network Sharing Managed Services for Enterprises

They manage multi-vendor and multi-technology environments, enabling you to concentrate on your core business. All service segments are flexible in terms of scope and setup, and can be adapted to fit your needs. They have extensive experience in advising and supporting operators to secure network quality, revenue enhancement and improved cost efficiency. They manage networks that,

combined, serve more than 800 million subscribers in more than 100 countries. More than 50 percent of the equipment in these networks comes from other vendors. Get the right competence in the right place at the right time Can be confident that network and business complexity is well managed Achieve a fast and cost-effective launch of new services Reduce costs Secure predictable performance.

1.3.4 Mobile Broadband Mobile broadband is playing an increasingly important role in our daily lives. It is changing the way we are entertained and enables people to perform tasks regardless of physical location. It has the power to reduce the digital divide and improve the quality of life in all parts of the world. Mobile network technologies such as EDGE, EVDO, HSPA and LTE are widely used for connecting a range of devices such as smart phones, computers, sensors and machines to the internet and broadband services. GSM, 1xRTT, and HSPA voice services evolving to Voice over LTE (Volte) continue to connect billions of people around the world.

1.3.5 Operations and Business Support Systems The systems and services used for managing networks, services, revenue and subscriber relationships. With agile, efficient operations and solutions the unexpected can be embraced.

1.3.6 Television and Media Management Content distribution and delivery services for high-performance video, mobile TV and IPTV consumer services.

1.4 Product and Services

Ericsson offers products and services from three main business units. Business Unit Networks (BNET) focuses on networks for mobile and fixed line public telephone networks. Business Unit Global Services (BUGS) provides telecoms-related professional services, including for example taking responsibility for running an operators network and related business support systems. Business Unit Support Solutions focuses on Operations support systems/Business support systems (OSS/BSS), TV and media and Mobile commerce (M-Commerce). In addition, there is a research and development element, and central functions. Operations locally are coordinated through a structure of regions and Market Units, with some Global and Multi-Country Accounts for large customers. Business Unit Networks: 1.4.1Mobile and fixed networks Ericsson provides mobile systems products to network operators. Its systems offerings include radio base stations, base station and radio network controllers, mobile switching centers and service application nodes. It offers operators services and products for network migration to 3G.

1.4.2Mobile access Ericsson provides mobile telecommunications systems that incorporate any of the major second-generation (2G) (global system for mobile communications (GSM), time division multiple access (TDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), 2.5G (General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), 2.75G (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution(EDGE),

and 3G wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), Evolved HSPA (HSPA+, I-HSPA), Evcode division multiple access (third generation cellular/radio technology) (CDMA2000), time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA)) mobile technology standards. It offer services to network operators for several network standards. Ericsson is also involved in the development of standards for the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) of 3G.

1.4.3Fixed broadband Access Ericsson supplies broadband multi-service communications equipment and services mainly to fixed network operators in Latin America and Europe. Its products for such multi-service networks utilize a layered soft-switch service and control architecture, combined with broadband access and core network routing and transmission elements. Fixed network equipment and associated network rollout services account for 7% of Systems sales.

1.4.4Radio access networks Ericsson offers radio base stations ranging from small pico cells (small cells in a mobile network that boost capacity and coverage within buildings) to high-capacity macro cell applications. Radio base stations provide access and interconnection between mobile handsets and the mobile network. A central feature of the 2G GSM radio base stations and base station controllers is their ability to be upgraded to enable 2.5G/GPRS and 2.75G/EDGE transmissions. Similarly, its W-CDMA base stations can be upgraded to HSDPA. Other elements of the radio access networks are the controllers for radio base stations and radio access network, which manage the traffic between the radio base stations and core networks. In 2G, base station controllers in conjunction with mobile switching centers, effect call handovers between radio base stations as subscribers move between cell sites while engaged in a voice call or data transmission. Similarly, in 3G networks, a radio network controller effects call handover in conjunction with mobility server nodes within the service layer. The core network nodes interconnect radio access networks with other parts of the network. Many of the core network switching systems, controllers for base stations and radio networks are built upon common platforms. Like its radio base station products, LM Ericsson's mobile switching products have scalability and capacity. Mobile network equipment and associated network rollout services account for approximately 74% of its sales.

1.4.5 IP core network (switching, routing, control and transport) Ericsson's core network solutions include the mobile softswitch, IP infrastructure, IMS, media gateways, Mobile Packet Backbone Network (MPBN) and microwave and optical transport solutions to provide management of voice and data traffic.

1.4.6 Ericsson Network Technologies Ericsson Network Technologies (Cables) unit provides a range of cable-related items for telecom and power networks. LM Ericsson is engaged in the passive fiber access network field including integration of copper, fiber optic and mobile technologies. About a third of the sales from its Cables group is attributable to inter-segment sales. Manufacturing is carried out in China, India, Malaysia and Sweden.

AXE telephone exchange Base Transceiver Station Network Switching Subsystem

1.4.7 Ericsson Power Modules Ericsson Power Modules is a supplier of direct current (DC)/DC converters and DC/DC regulators, mainly to the communications industry, for advanced applications, such as multiplexors, switches, routers and radio base stations. Manufacturing is in China.

1.4.8 Ericsson Microwave Systems Ericsson Microwave Systems designed radar systems and was eventually sold to Saab AB on September 1, 2006 as a move to focus on telecom and move out of the military market.