Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

RayMan Possibilities and Limitations

Email: andreas.matzarakis@meteo.uni-freiburg.de
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Visual Manual RayMan Pro

Andreas Matzarakis and Frank Rutz

Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

RayMan Pro A Tool for Applied Climatology

Sunshine duration Sunpaths

Shadow
Global radiation Mean radiant temperat. Predicted Mean Vote Phys. Equiv. Temp. Stand. Effec. Temp. ....

Easy environments Complex environments Topography Fish-Eye Hemisph. input/SVF Meteo data Climate data ....

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

The beginnings
Calculation of SVF Calculation of thermal indices Windows based program User friendly Estimation of Tmrt

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Energy Energy balance balance applied applied on on human human beeings beeings

D
B I

Components of the radiation balance

I solar radiation D diffuse radiation R shortwave reflected radiation A longwave radiation of atmosp. E longwave radiation of surfaces Ekm shortwave radiation human H internal heat production Icl clothing insulation C convection

A R
C Qre

E
E E
nach G. Jendritzky

H Icl

Ekm Qsw

R E

Qsw sweat evaporation Qre heat flux respiration

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Human-Biometeorological Assessment of the Thermal Component of Different Climates

atmospheric environment
- air temperature - vapour pressure - wind speed - short- and long-wave radiation from the whole surroundings (mean radiant temperature)

human beings
- grade of activity - heat transfer resistance of the clothing

human heat balance

- comfort equation by FANGER - model MEMI - model IMEM - ...

thermophysiological assessment indices assessment standards

- Predicted Mean Vote PMV - Physiological Equivalent Temperature PET - ...

neutral conditions at 20 C

results (maps, temporal variability, ...)

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Under stationary conditions due to priciples of thermodynamics:total of input energies = total of output energies

Human Energy Balance

H + Q* + QH +QL + QSw + Qre = 0 H: Q*: QH: internal heat production (metabolic heat production - heat loss due to physical (mechanical) work) net radiation (radiative heat flux) turbulent flux of sensible heat (convection heat flux), interchange of sensible heat between the surface of the body and the ambient air turbulent flux of latent heat due to water vapour diffusion through the skin into the ambient air turbulent flux of latent heat due to sweat evaporation heat flux due to respiration (heating and humidification of respired air)
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QL: QSw: Qre:

Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Threshold values of thermal indices PMV and PET for different grades of thermal sensivity of human beings and physiological stress on human beings (according to Matzarakis and Mayer, 1996)

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

RayMan Model Modelling mean radiant temperature Estimation of thermal indices

Geo factors Topography Buildings Vegetation Topography Buildings data, Vegetation data Input of horizon limitation Import of fish-eye-photographs Required data Air temperature Vapour pressure Wind speed Clothing clo Activity Act Climatic factors Clouds Albedo Bowen-Ratio Output Sunshine duration Shade Short- and longwave radiation fluxes Mean Rad. Temp. Tmrt Ta VP v

Energy balance of the human body

Thermal indices Predicted Mean Vote PMV Physiological equivalent temperature PET Standard effective temperature SET*
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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

VDI, 1998: VDI 3787, Part I: Environmental Meteorology, Methods for the human biometeorological evaluation of climate and air quality for the urban and regional planning at regional level. Part I: Climate. Beuth, Berlin. VDI, 1994: VDI 3789, Part 2: Environmental Meteorology, Interactions between Atmosphere and Surfaces; Calculation of the short- and long wave radiation. Beuth, Berlin. VDI, 2001: VDI 3789, Part 3: Environmental Meteorology, Interactions between Atmosphere and Surfaces; Calculation of the spectral irradiances in the solar wavelength range. Beuth, Berlin.

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Mean Radiant Temperature

Tmrt is defined as the uniform temperature of a surrounding surface giving off blackbody radiation (=1) which results in the same radiation energy gain of a human body as the prevailing radiation fluxes which are usually very varies under open space conditions.
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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Tmrt (S, D, albedo, A, E(Ts), Fp, SVF) S: Solar radiation D: diffuse radiation A: aldedo A: atmospheric radiation E: radiation of solid surfaces fp: projection factor (human) SVF: Sky View factor Tmrt (S, D, albedo, A, E(Ts), f , SVF, shadow, multiple reflexion, turbidity,
clouds,)
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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Mean Radiant Temperature

Tmrt usually corresponds indoors to the air temperature, but at sunny locations outdoors it can be more than 30 K higher Tmrt can be calculated by measurement of the short- and long wave radiation fluxes of the whole surroundings Tmrt can be modelled

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Calculation of Tmrt
Tmrt = ( 1/ * (Ei + ak * Di/p )* Fi)0,25 p : Emission coefficient of the human body (default 0,97) Di : diffuse solar radiation and reflected global radiation ak : Absorption coefficient of the sun exposed Surfaces for short wave radiation
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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Calculation of Tmrt
Ei: long wave radiation, calculation by Ei = i* * Tsi4( is the Stefan Boltzmann Constant 5,67*10-8 W/m2*K4, Tsi is surface temperature, i is Emissions coefficient) Fi: area of sky/surfaces

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Calculation of Tmrt
Tmrt* = (Tmrt4 + fp * ak * I/( p*))0,25 I: Radiation intensity of the sun on a surface perpendicular to the incident radiation direction fp: Projection factor, lies between 0,308 for 0 solar angle and 0,082 for 90
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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Calculation of Tmrt
The mean radiation flux SStr(in W/m2) density absorbed by the human body is calculated as: Sstr = Wi *(ak*Ki + al*Li) Ki and Li: stands for short- and long wave radiation fluxes (in W/m2) from the six directions (North, East, South, West, upper and lower hemisphere)
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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Calculation of Tmrt
Wi: Weighting factors: In order to be able to calculate the radiation fluxes on the surface of a standing or seated person from the six individual measurements of the terrestrial and solar radiation respectively, the dimension less weighting factors Standing (resp. 0.22 for radiation fluxes from North, East, South and West and respectively 0.06 for the radiation fluxes from the upper and lower hemisphere)
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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Calculation of Tmrt
ak: Absorption coefficient of the human body for the short wave radiation al:Absorption coefficient of the human body for the long wave radiation

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Calculation of Tmrt
Tmrt = ((Sstr/ (al*)) 273,2)1/4 Emission coefficient p of the human body is equal the Absorption coefficient al (5.67*10-8 W/(m2*K4)) is the Stefan-Boltzmann-Constant
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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Unter a Tree

E-W Southside

E-W Northside

Urban Climate Station

N-S Easside

N-S Westside

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

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RayMan Pro

Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Starting 1998 First run: 1998 Releases: 1.0, 1.1., 1.2, (1.3), RayMan Pro End: ?

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Development by University of Freiburg Bilingual 1(DE/RN) Help only in EN

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

File: Input: Output: Table: Language: ?:

Exit Option for Input of meteo and other data Generation and Output of Dato/Figures Selection of output Parameters Selection of Language Help, Bibliography, Info, Website

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Topography Obstacles Sky view factor Data file Additional pre-settings

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Clear/new Open new file Save file

Location Edit Produce your own topo file

Input/Import of topographical data

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Clear/new Open new file Save file Add new obstacles Remove obstacles Edit obstacles Copy obstacle Paste obstacle Move everything Zoom in Zoom out Set yardstick Move location Import map image Move template Remove template

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Input of co-ordinates of vegetation Deciduous tree

Coniferous tree

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Input Co-ordinates Buildings/solid surfaces

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Meteorological Institute Input/Import of free drawing/fish-eye photographs Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences Input: albedo and emission Grid in foreground

Clear/new Open new file Save file Limit edges Limit clouds Fill colour Monochrome Brush color

Select color Show values Color of selected RGB Run changes

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Meteorological Institute Input/Import of free drawing/fish-eye photographs Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences Input: albedo and emission

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Meteorological Institute Eingabe/Import fr freies Zeichnen/fish-eye Aufnahmen Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences Eingabe: Albedo und Emissionsvermgen

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Additional settings Import of meteorological/ climatological data

Output formats (date, time) Bowen-ration inputs Albedo for surface Turbidity (automatical, individual) Ratio of diffuse radition Fog ** Transfer of Global radiation from other site
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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Soft keys

Import of meteorological/ climatological data

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Diagram (Polar) Diagram (Cylindrical not in operation) Data table Daily data Shadow

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Output: Obstacles/Sun paths

Clear/new Save file Print file Zoom in Zoom out Change time Change increment

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Output:

Combination of

fish-eye and

buildings and tree data

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Output: Cartesian co-ordinates

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Output: Sheet (for EXCEL)

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Daily calculations sunshine and global radiation

Additional Excel Sheet available

Output: Sheet (for EXCEL)

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Output: Shadow

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Output: Shadow
Clear/new Save file Print file Zoom in Zoom out Change time Change increment

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Output: Standard sheet

Additional Output: MEMI sheet

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Help RayMan Homepage Info Bibliography

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Bibliography Information
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RayMan < 300 users

Universities Gteborg, Freiburg, Kassel, Munich, Berlin, Essen, Trier, Vienna, Thessaloniki, Patras, Strassbourg, Lisboa, Sofia, Buenos Eyres, Mendoza, Tel Aviv, Arizona, Madrid, Barcelona, Sydney, Warsow, Szeged, Giessen, Colorado
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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Companies/Govermental Bureau of Meteorol, Melbourne CITMA, Cuba LANL, USA CRES, Athens, Hellas Croatian Weather Service US Forest Service Meteo Swiss IMA, Germany

Countries Hellas, Germany, Swiss, Austria, Japan, USA, UK, Canada, Australia, Israel, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Norway, Cuba, Argentina, Brasil, Poland, South Africa, Hungary, Netherlands, Slovenia, Croatia, Bulgaria, New Sealand, Algeria, India, Sri Lanka, Costa Rica

Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Applications of RayMan
Urban Climatology full use Landscape climatology full and part use (radiation) Tourism climatology and tourism planning full and part use (radiation, shadow, sunshine duration) Agricultural climatology part use (radiation, shadow, sunshine duration) Forest Meteorology part use (radiation, sky view) Human biometeorology full use ....
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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

What is new What is nor working (yet)

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

MEMI Integration with Output Input- and Output formats (Date and time)

New!

Input meteo files (soft keys), Missing values (default: 9999) Sunshine duration in minutes Turbidity (automatically or individual) Buildings (Adaptation of Scans) Urban Morphologies (a and ) for all all kinds Polar input variable input von a und More limits (a.e. no multiple inputs) Daily (SD, G) with and without obstacles
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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Not working
vertical surfaces Transparency/Porosity of vegetation Input digital Atlas Detail Help Additional calculation of Tmrt (VDI, Hppe)

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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Summary
RayMan Model for calculation of radiation fluxes in urban areas (complex environments) Calculates SVF of urban structures (a.e. Buildings, Coniferous and deciduous trees) taking under consideration urban structures as geometrical properties
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Meteorological Institute Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

Summary II
Calculation of SVF via free drawing or fisheye images Calculation of short- and long wave radiation fluxes (current, daily courses) Export of Figures/Graphs in diverse formats Calculation of Tmrt and Thermal indices (PET, PMV. SET*)

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