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Sphericity
View as eigenvector problem, e.g. rotation axes of irregular 3D body. Here spanned up by the pi of all particles in event. S ab =
i
pia pib a, b = x , y , z 2 i pi
S ab has three eigenvalues 1 2 3 with 1 + 2 + 3 = 1. Sphericity S = 3 2 (2 + 3 ), 0 S 1. S = 0: two back-to-back pencil jets, e.g. e+ e + . S = 1: spherically symmetric distribution.
3 3 , 0 A 1 Aplanarity A = 2 2. A = 0: all particles in one plane. A = 1/2: like S = 1.
Problem: collinear unsafe! E.g. dierent answer if 0 counted as one or two particles.
Torbj orn Sj ostrand PPP 8: QCD jets and jet algorithms slide 3/6
Linearized Sphericity
Collinear safe alternative, used in same way but with
i
Lab =
No proper name: some confusion! Additional measures: C = 3(1 2 + 1 3 + 2 3 ) D = 271 2 3 used to characterize 3- and 4-jet topologies, respectively. (Linearized) Sphericity family not normally used in pp, since beam jets dominate structure. Solution: set all piz = 0 so only transverse structure studied. Modied S = 22 and no A.
Torbj orn Sj ostrand PPP 8: QCD jets and jet algorithms slide 4/6
Thrust
Thrust is computationally more demanding optimization T = max
i
|n|=1
|pi n| i |pi |
with n for maximum is called Thrust axis. 1/2 < T < 1, with T = 0 for two back-to-back pencil jets and T = 1/2 for a spherically symmetric distribution. Major = Minor = max
i
|n |=1,n n=0 i
|pi n | i |pi |
Oblateness = Major Minor Major and Oblateness again useful for 3-jet structure, Minor for 4-jet one.
Torbj orn Sj ostrand PPP 8: QCD jets and jet algorithms slide 5/6
slide 6/6