The Development of Methodology for Micro Business Incubator: how to articulate business strategy for sustainable development considering

the use of Construction and Demolition (C&D) Debris?

Francisca Candida Candeias de Moraes (francisca.moraes@tangramsocial.com.br) Heloisa Candia Hollnagel (hollnagelhelo@gmail.com) Instituto de Sustentabilidade Social ISS Introduction This is a study considering the challenges to overcome our systems of decision making and governance of industrial production waste and goods consumption. The main issues are the management of natural resources in a sustainable way; the better coordination of actions across sectors in local and national levels. The sustainable use of common resources in order to guarantee this benefit to the future generations will depend very much on how governments, in partnership with all sectors of civil society would be able to implement policies at all levels of action, which requires vertical integration of action so that top-down and bottom-up efforts will be working for the same outcomes. The World Humanity Action Trust (WHAT) was an independent report seeking practical solutions to global problems elaborated in 2000 that stressed the need to change from old sectorcentered manner of doing business to new approaches that involve cross-sectoral co-ordination and the integration of environmental and social concerns into all development processes, including governance:
"Governance is the framework of social and economic systems and legal and political structures through which humanity manages itself" (World Humanity Action Trust 2000, p. 7).

Economic development and environmental preservation were usually considered contradictory goals because economic development in the short term at the expense of vital natural resources has led to the present environmental crisis at global scale. Although according to Brazilian Constitution, the environment is considered a public good (Article 2251- CF, 988); this leads to a special economic problem, in that the natural resources are a form of public good subject to degradation or even destruction from overuse. Therefore, without an effective regulatory structure, it is very difficult to stop overexploitation of the commons.Furthermore, policies and programmes must be sufficiently flexible to meet intergenerational needs, preserving vital resources for future generations and not preventing the economic growth.

Article 225. All have the right to an ecologically balanced environment. which is an asset of common use and essential to a healthy quality of life, and both the Government and the community shall have the duty to defend and preserve it for present and future generations.

One of these attempts is the recent Brazilian Policy on Solid Waste Management, law 12.305 signed by former President Luis Incio da Silva Lula - on August 2nd in 2010 (named in Portuguese PNRS). In this law it was presented integrated management of waste and solid waste management including the correct destination of different types of waste such as batteries, electronics, chemicals and construction materials, among others as well as the determination of who is responsible for which part of this process; the creation of parameters and incentives to use recycled materials, the strategies to foster an increase of sustainable consumption and reducing wastes. The PNRS establishing the principle of shared responsibility for the life cycle of products, which includes manufacturers, importers, distributors and retailers, consumers and the ones in charge of public urban sanitation and solid waste management. Moreover, sustainable growth of enterprises and environmental protection are inextricably linked, and this calls for new forms of cooperation between government, business and society to ensure that the quality of present and future life (and employment) will be maximized. 1. Conceptual framework This century is distinguished by an increase of population growth, progress of industry and urbanization, which rises the generation of waste, largely abandoned in the environment, requiring the development and implementation of innovative strategies and mechanisms that could allow an integrated intersectoral sustainable development in future. The reuse of waste from human activities is one of the ways to create sustainable mechanisms in society, in a chain of actions designed to generate income from them, changing the culture of disposal and financial resources. 2.1. Technological Incubation An "incubator" is a configuration able to provide physical infrastructure and technical and managerial support, reduce costs, attract support and partnerships for new ventures and accelerate consolidation by strengthening the capacity and the development of entrepreneurial associations and shared actions (MEDEIROS apud CARVALHO, 2000). The initial goal that incubators would dedicate to the activities of a conventional technology has changed from the early 90s, when hungriness and social exclusion were critic in the country. The national movement started by Herbert de Souza (Betinho) for attendance of some basic needs of the population, instigated the citizens to create alternatives that not only would ensure the subsistence but also were able to generate income for the poorest communities. In this context emerged the model of "Technological Incubators of Popular Cooperatives" (ITCP), with the proximity between the academy and the communities, the initiative of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) and the University of Santa Maria (Rio Grande do Sul) stimulated creation of a cooperative formed by local residents of the Tide Slum (RJ). The excellent result of the project sparked the interest of academics and therefore, teachers and students created in the UFRJ (Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) in 1995, a Technological Incubator of Popular Cooperatives, seeking to stimulate the formation of labor cooperatives (Guimares, 2000) In Brazil, a new kind of business has been important for development: the so called "social business" defined as "cost-effective initiatives that, through its core business, seek solutions for social problems using market mechanisms. These projects integrate the logic of different sectors offering quality products and services to a population traditionally excluded from the market,

helping them to fight against poverty and reducing social and economic inequality."According to the author, they differ the traditional organizations of the Third Sector, mainly on the view that the main objective of the first is to "reduce social insecurity of certain groups of people, or complement any failure of performance of the State" and of the second (social business) stand out by the administration and organization similar to a private company and the pursuit of profit (Felix, 2010). In this context, the creation of social businesses based on (re) use of waste is a viable alternative of promoting sustainable development, as well as generating resources for subsistence entrepreneurs, fostering the creation of jobs for people in vulnerability and contributing to the conservation of the environment, reflecting the triple bottom line (economic, social and environmental) 2.2. Construction and Demolition (C&D) Debris In Brazil, the civil construction industry is recognized as one activity associated with the economic and social development, but on the other hand, incurs a great environmental impacts, either by consumption of natural resources and the modification of the landscape or the generation of waste (Pinto, 1999; SINDUSCON, 2005). According to John et al (2004), the strategies adopted in the management of Contruction and Demolition (C& D) Debris can be summarized as follows: (a) avoid illegal deposition, (b) segregate the types of materials at the source of the C& D Debris and (c) encourage the recycling or reuse . Considering the C& D Debris, there are social agents (of various kinds), from the producer to its final storage, enabling the interaction of the different components of society as well as their interrelationships as a factor promoting social capital. According to Putnam (2002) social capital is the result of its own social interaction. It is worth to mention the Cement Factory Artifacts (FAC) of Sao Carlos (SP- Brazil), Sao Carlos and Housing Progress (Prohab), mixed economy company linked to the municipality, which includes significant elements for the treatment of such wastes and promoting sustainability in the economic, social and environmental aspects. Inaugurated in June 2004, produces diversified construction elements (interlocked floor concrete - bloquete blocks, channels, mid-block, halfchannel, guides, mini guides, concrete bench for squares, among others) from waste construction and demolition. Conceived as an initiative to produce building materials in order to decrease the cost of housing and social housing developments in the city, its manpower is mostly composed of convicts in a semi-open Penitentiary Itirapina-SP, driven by an employee bound to city hall and a Civil Engineer. From 2009 the city opened bids for companies that can market the products of FAC. This example demonstrates how the joint action of public bodies and civil society can contribute to environmental conservation, while the generation of employment and income in this particular case, for the social reintegration of persons traditionally pushed out of society (prisoners). (available http://www.saocarlos.sp.gov.br/index.php/fabrica-artefatos-cimento.html) In the production of ceramic tiles large amount of natural materials are used, such as various types of clay, mineral compounds (particularly quartz, feldspar, and limestone) and for the production of enamels for coating finish (lead, magnesium, calcium, sodium, tin, zinc, zirconium and aluminum, quartz and feldspar) (Constantine et al., 2006). According to the National Association of Manufacturers of Ceramic Tile (ANFACER), Brazil ranks second in production and consumption in the global market for ceramic tiles in the period 2007 to 2010 (www.anfacer.org.br). In 2010, 753.5 million square feet ceramic tiles were produced, for an installed capacity of 875.2 million square meters. Total sales reached 756.8 million square meters, with 699.6 million square meters sold internally and 57.2 million square meters exported Brazil is the fourth largest producer of ceramic tiles (behind China, Italy and Spain), and is the third largest exporter. In 1997, 383.3 million square meters of ceramic tiles were produced here, including floor and wall tiles, 13.94% higher volume than 1996. Of the total produced 339.8 million

square meters was sold in the country (more than 88% of national production). Consequently, the revenues of the sector's industries grew, reaching the mark of U.S. $ 1.9 billion, representing an increase of 15.3% over the previous year (Inmetro, 1998). However, the lack of qualification of the Brazilian worker leads to a high degree of breakage and consequently debris generation and waste disposal, both in transport and in the application in construction. According Messeguer (1991), the waste originates in all stages of construction, including: planning, design, manufacturing materials and components, implementation and use and maintenance. Based on the principle of reverse logistics in the scope of corporate environmental responsibility, the PNRS forced a sectoral agreement between the government and manufacturers, importers, distributors or dealers for sharing responsibility for product life cycle, from production to final disposal, therefore, the recognition of reusable and recyclable solid waste as an economic good and social value, generating jobs and income and promoter of citizenship. Thus, the implementation of projects to transform waste ceramic raw material for new artifacts are manufactured in line with the concept of sustainable development and public policy and contributes to contemporary companies to include sustainability criteria in trade from the partnership in action developed by different types of business entities. The Project The Social Sustainability Institute, is a nonprofit entity whose mission is "Promoting sustainability as central drive line in public and private organizations and in people's live,", has been doing studies to the development of projects that can, at the same time, promote citizenship and generate income and opportunities for socially excluded people from the use of waste typically discarded by people and organizations. Starting from the premise that when a particular material acquires economic value, it is naturally rescued from its discard fate, such as happens with aluminum cans that have become rare element in the environment pollution, due to its high value in the trade market (recycling). Since the construction of methodologies intending to achieve sustainability is one of its main strategies, the entity has the reuse of discarded materials as a focus of action in order to contribute to balancing economic, social and environmental. This report presents the preliminary results of the creation a methodology aimed at fostering and supporting a network of micro and small manufacturing industries of construction items or decoration articles having as basic raw material the Construction and Demolition Debris, the main component of municipal solid waste of the great Brazilian metropolises. Aiming at the low income population, exiled from the production environment, it seeks to qualify participants in techniques of production of artifacts from the C & D Debris and in business management, as well as foster creativity, entrepreneurship, creation of partnerships in order to obtain subsidized loans for the establishment of micro and small industries, as well as develop a network of logistics and institutional marketing able to support the distribution of production of the various units of the future network 3. Methodology This methodology was conceived as a mixed model of incubation, which reconciles traditional production processes to create new technologies, as well as seeking to develop new applications for normally discarded materials, the problem of high relevance in modern societies, especially in large urban centers, generating jobs and income for socially excluded people. 3.1. Incubation Model Proposed

The incubator proposal was designed initially as a project of the members of the "Resource Center" Institute of Social Sustainability (ISS), in which products and materials normally discarded by people and organizations would be transformed into a source of income for socially excluded and part of the funds invested directly in the project itself, to ensure its sustainability. The dynamics proposed by ISS understands the workshops for practical training for the production of various artifacts and managerial skills of the participants so that they can manage their own business, as well as support for the formalization of the new venture, either directly or through private and public partners. Start any project requires the identification of existing initiatives, trying to avoid potential errors before and after the beginning of the project. Thus, visits and contacts with businessmen in the recycling industry were made, highlighting the artifacts Cement Factory in the city of San Carlos, cited earlier, Limpurb (Authority manager of urban cleaning services) rendered in the city of So Paulo and the Anaconda Environmental among others.With regard to the physical and operational implementation, the Center Delivery & Collection - CEC - the first project to be developed in the "Resource Center" which are key to the logistics of receiving, collection and reuse of materials usually discarded by companies, proved to be difficult to implement because it requires an area of great extension for operation, rare in So Paulo, urban occupation and the high cost. On the other hand, the legislation restricts the cession of public spaces, requiring a legal act that may be made possible similar projects in partnership with the Third Sector. Due to the difficulties reported, the ISS has chosen to start the project with another strategy: to formalize partnerships with other nonprofits organizations to develop skills workshops for the production of artifacts from specific waste management and training of participants. Some assumptions were established for the definition of initial units to be created, highlighting, among others: Choice of processes that require little physical space, preferably to the boundary of an area of 10m x25m, standard size of the original land of Sao Paulo districts; Proximity to ecopoints (volunteer disposal facilities) to contribute directly to the identification by the population of the importance of proper disposal of waste, in addition to lowering cost and environmental impact of transport to and mini-factory direct alignment to the municipal public policies; Concentration of each unit in a given material and product line, aiming to create differences in each mini-factory, facilitate learning and development of innovations and minimize factors related to internal competition; Establishment of local marketing strategies for their own mini-factories and development of a virtual global network to achieve sales of all products of all units, managed by ISS; Facilities and equipment enabling to reduce consumption of electricity, gasoline and other fossil fuels; Use of appropriate economic and rational processes to reduce human physical exertion In order to coordinate cross-sector partnerships, negotiations with a large network in the retail of construction material began, especially because their current waste disposal policies were not completely aligned to their international guidelines of the company considering sustainability issues. The business group, originating in France, established for almost 90 years, since 1960 works in the retail materials for DIY, supermarkets, restaurants, clothing, toys, furniture and sporting goods. Besides the quality of products and services, the company performs various actions of positive impact on society and the environment: the marketing of eco-products, encouraging sustainable

attitudes and conscious consumption and residential projects or business construction or renovation sustainable, charitable campaigns, among other. Thus, the project was discussed in meetings with representant of the company, being established from the outset, the joint development of actions and procedures, aligning visions, expectations, and evaluating the potential counterparts of each partner in the project, as well as the results to be obtained. Although the parties had showed great interest in starting the project, mainly as a consequence of international economic crisis occurred in late 2008, the partners broke off negotiations because other priorities were present in the reality of the two organizations. However, although the two institutions interrupted momentarily the discussion between the partners, the project was considered of great importance and included as a strategic priority, through a maturation process which facilitated the establishment of clearer definitions when taken in the first half of 2010. Thus, the return of the negotiations, it had become clear that the project should be started with a pilot process, with no great pretensions of both parties, so that they could establish a clear methodology. During the recess of negotiations, managers and technicians of ISS devoted themselves to search different experiences that could add value to the model, even if they not initially shown structural similarity. The partner company in their internal meetings developed a discussion relating the project to their sustainability strategies and the partners realized that would be ideal to include a partner organization to count on a local network. Thus, it was decided that the starting cell should occur with the implementation of a workshop that used the ceramic waste for the manufacture of articles of decoration or tools using the technique of mosaic, in partnership with a nonprofit organization that had a history solid work in a community with an adequate profile to capture interested in joining the Project From this point, the negotiation of pilot project for implementation was conducted in a communitybased association, active in the south of So Paulo since 1996, and proposed its inclusion as one of the workshops of the old community center, a space designed to foster social life of 60 elderly, seeking the quality of life, extending citizenship and increased social interaction, by offering activities for physical development, artistic and playful, maintained with funds from the local council and executed by the same institution of the Third Sector. The negotiations took place without major difficulties, because another environmental project was underway by partners, opening a new area of knowledge and work for another institution. Currently, the rules for selection of participants and implementation strategies and funding the project are being detailed, as described next. Although this model is based on some assumptions incubation of popular cooperatives, is innovative due promoting the development of micro and small local companies composed of ten (10) people. A more democratic model, like cooperatives imply a construction process more difficult to implement, especially for cultural reasons that normally produce a model in practice in which cooperatives have an "owner" against the basic principles of the cooperative movement (Oliveira 2009): voluntary and open membership, democratic control by members; economic participation of members, autonomy and independence, education, training and information, cooperation among cooperatives, and concern for the community. The main objective of the project "Social Mosaic" is to promote social inclusion through the creation of centers of development and marketing of artifacts produced from waste of ceramic tile using the technique of Mosaic. Thus, the model proposes the creation of micro and small enterprises with up to 10 people, with defined roles throughout the process, considering thus the possibility of

maximizing the competence of participants, and although the legal formalization of the model business has not been cooperative, its principles are fully adopted in the project. Another key aspect is that although the target audience consists of people in situation of social vulnerability, the design methodology is based on an opportunity of promoting citizenship and selfesteem, so do not work only with the possibility of giving equipment and starting materials, but the supply of subsidized credit lines, whose realization is conditional on the establishment of a business plan created by the participants themselves. Hence, the criteria for their selection from the target population involve factors related to socioeconomic conditions and the ability to participate effectively in the design and practical development of entrepreneurship: people in situations of social vulnerability, residents near the project facilities, being proposed, in particular: Children and adolescents (between 16 and 29 years) indicated / selected by partners; Mothers: chief of household with income of up to three (3) minimum wages, they receive government subsidies (Bolsa Familia, e.g.); Willingness to devote himself to the project, not only during training but also in future stages; Interest and willingness to develop a business, assuming the responsibilities and risks The stages / phases of the project consider: the articulation of partnerships, participant selection, collection, sorting and separation of materials and conducting workshops for volunteers and members of the ISS and participation of employees of partner organizations, according to the interest. The next phase is dedicated to the production, preparation of business plan and to showcase the pieces developed. After disclosure of the actions and marketing, are scheduled joint evaluation of the project and, finally, the formalization of the business, covering the procedures for opening, monitoring site and answering questions, evaluating results and monitoring of business entrepreneurs after completion of project (maturity). Another goal is to develop a marketing strategy that allows institutional ISS, among other actions, the creation of an Internet sales site, with adequate logistics for sales of all units. Are planned, initially, the following mini-factories, using low-cost equipment and low complexity: artifacts decorated with mosaic, with new parts, but broken during shipping and handling or cut for use, common in buildings of any size; building elements - not subject to regulation by ABNT (Brazilian Association of Technical Standards - interlocking concrete floors, for example) that can be produced from recycled waste dump; decorative pieces, mini furniture and other products made from wood scraps discarded by loggers, carpenters and other professionals working with this material; miscellaneous products made from pieces of iron construction, casings and other metal waste from the production of normal gates and fences, existing in almost all suburbs of large cities The raising of funds for the acquisition of the pilot project is not presented as an insuperable difficulty, mainly because its tools and equipment could be purchased at low cost. Other strategies planned involve the marketing and trade of materials produced in the workshops, with income reverts to the participants and to cover the cost, enabling its replication with other groups, exhibitions of the production companies and public bodies in order to publicize the project and acquire new partners and contributors and accession of new partners and contributors (individuals and legal entities). . It seems logical that is not enough qualify the participants, one must create alternatives so that new business can be realized to the extent that "... access to income is the element that creates opportunities to access new products and services effectively "(Silveira, 2009). Thus, partnerships are being made with financial institutions which present a vocation for the support of entrepreneurs,

and negotiations for the inclusion of new companies as suppliers of public agencies began, especially considering the recent legislation on micro and small enterprises and on sustainable procurement. In the future, by developing a partnership with the city of So Paulo (as initially planned), it is one ISS intention to establish a Processing waste plant directly into a municipal landfill that receives most of the C & D Debris, including technical cooperation in the creation of technologies for recycling material on large scale. It should be noted that, although initiated discussions with representatives of various public agencies directly related to this issue, we expect major difficulties in its implementation, not only because of the limitations cited for use of public space, but also to raise funds in sufficient amount (these are high value equipments). Creating a brand is another important factor in the methodology, insofar as marketing tools are essential for any business wishing to contemporary success and sustainability. The method includes creating an overall brand, it can become a reference marketing program, and preparation of participants in technical sales and marketing, to be able to develop their own marketing concept and gain independence from the other units. 4. Preliminary Results Analysis The project evaluation will be held together with partners and participants, involving both objective and subjective factors to appraise the main expected results involving performance indicators (intermediate and final), as well as physical-financial process: Creation of a methodology that can be replicated elsewhere; Production and marketing of materials / waste handcrafted with ceramic tile; Contributing to increased self-esteem of participants and the ability to support the family; Creation of self-sustaining enterprises managed by the project participants; Increase customer satisfaction and employee motivation and integration of the internal marketing partners; Strengthening the brand of the partners in environmental aspects, increasing brand equity. The project is aligned to the latest trends of public joint action between government, business and civil society to minimize the impact of municipal solid waste in the environment and redirection of public and private resources (money) to create opportunities for income generation for the population usually pulled out of the consumer market is in line with the Millennium Development Goals proposed by the UN and national commitment. Besides, the development of a new perception of beneficiaries about the potential for practical reuse of materials normally discarded as waste contributes to the awareness of the intrinsic value of the materials and consequently to the development of culture of reducing the value of products at cost, including the assessment of quality more permanent values. The pilot project implementation, like any innovation process presents several risks, which are being treated for their minimization, in particular: Delay in project start from the difficulty of obtaining resources; Incorrect schedule sizing, depending on the nature of the project and different views and interests of those involved in decision making; Lack or excess of community interest in participating in the project; Insufficient resources to cover the initial expenses; Difficulty of the participants to incorporate concepts of quality as factors relevant to the marketing of products; Conflicts and / or learning difficulties due to the heterogeneity of the group; Disinterest in learning how to use a structurated business plan for the income generation;

 Lack of motivation of the participants due to the delay of the financial return from the sale of production. 5. Final Remarks This project presents an innovative methodological approach that is able to contribute significantly to the paradigm shift of society with respect to C & D Debris and the possibilities to include partners from different segments in the incubation of small firms. In addition, the project still fulfills the role of promoting environmental preservation and recovery of self-esteem of people in situation of social vulnerability, therefore contributing to a real sustainable development. The current national and international recommendations for the use of recycled materials where appropriate, with regard to economic, environmental and safety represent a great opportunity for the type of business proposed by the ISS. However, as this type of operation processes using recycling materials for production of other elements is still under development around the world, and requires a maturation of regulators affects every material and / or products that can be reach a level of production able to satisfy market needs and therefore become a solid source of income for entrepreneurs in the industry. From a business standpoint, probably will show a long learning process of society to the change in the acquisition of certain materials, in general, the society still has a high degree of resistance to purchase recycled products, in particular the uncertainty about level of quality and in the case of construction products, also security, it is a broad spectrum of cultural change, which will certainly have great and constant need for awareness campaigns One factor that may contribute to changing the social culture and growth of this type of microenterprise will be the achievement of a quality level (standard) of production in such a way that every artifact produced could be purchased by large companies, such as network partner in the project, insofar as its marketing by large corporations amounts to a confirmation of safety of products, which are expected to occur in the short term. References ANPROTEC. (2007): Panorama de Incubadoras de Empresas e Parques Tecnolgicos 2006. Associao Nacional de Empreendimentos Inovadores, Braslia. BRASIL. Constituio (1988). Constituio da Repblica Federativa do Brasil. Braslia, DF, Senado, 1988. BRASIL, Lei federal No 12.305. Braslia, DF, Senado,2010. CARVALHO, A.C.M. de. (2000): Anlise das necessidades de informao das empresas incubadas de base tecnolgica do setor de biotecnologia do estado de Minas Gerais. Dissertao de mestrado. Escola de Biblioteconomia, UFMG, Belo Horizonte. CONSTANTINO, A.O., ROSA, S.E.S., CORRA, A.R. (2006): Panorama do setor de revestimentos cermicos: rea industrial. From BNDES (2006): http://www.bndes.gov.br/SiteBNDES/export/sites/default/bndes_pt/Galerias/Arquivos/conheciment o/relato/rs_rev_ceramicos.pdf. (Apr. 30, 2012)

FELIX, J.C. (2010): O Papel das incubadoras na atividade empreendedora de negcios sociais. From GRECO ET AL, 2010. pp. 187-190. GUIMARES, Gonalo et alii (2000): Sindicalismo e Cooperativismo A Economia Solidria em Debate. Unitrabalho, So Paulo. JOHN, V. M. (2000): Reciclagem de resduos na construo civil contribuio metodologia de pesquisa e desenvolvimento. Tese de livre docncia. Escola Politcnica da Universidade de So Paulo, So Paulo. OLIVEIRA, D. P. R.. (2009): Manual de gesto das cooperativas. Atlas e SESCOOP, So Paulo. PINTO, T. P. (1999): Metodologia para a gesto diferenciada de resduos slidos da construo urbana. Tese de doutorado. Escola Politcnica da Universidade de So Paulo, So Paulo. SINDUSCON. (2005): Gesto Ambiental de Resduos da Construo Civil: A experincia do SindusCon-SP. Sindicato da Indstria da Construo de So Paulo, So Paulo. PREFEITURA DE SO CARLOS. (2012): Fbrica de Artefatos de Cimento. From Prefeitura de So Carlos website (2012): http://www.saocarlos.sp.gov.br/index.php/fabrica-artefatoscimento.html) (Apr. 30, 2012) PUTNAM, R. D. (2002): Comunidade e Democracia: a experincia da Itlia moderna. Fundao Getulio Vargas, Rio de Janeiro. SILVEIRA, S. M. S.; GRECO et al. (2009): Empreendedorismo no Brasil: 2008. IBQP, Curitiba. SILVEIRA, S. M. S.; GRECO et al. (2010): Empreendedorismo no Brasil: 2010. IBQP, Curitiba. World Commission on Environment and Development. (1987): Our Common Future. WCED & Oxford University Press, Oxford. World Humanity Action Trust - WHAT 2000. Report I: Governance for a Sustainable Future. Russell Press Ltd, Nottingham, UK. 36 p. United Nations World Summit on Sustainable Development. Johannesburg. 2002. Available on: http://www.johannesburg.org